People and The Environemtent Essay
jameslumsey
EnvHealthConnection.pptxLinkages Between Environmental Health & Function & Human Health
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Connection Between Environmental & Human/Animal Health
Premise: when ecosystems degrade, the organisms that live in them, including humans, are stressed by poorer conditions and themselves are more subject to disease
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One-Health Approach
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Lake Okeechobee Case Study
Was a large shallow wetland
Throughout 20th century lake was contained, shrunk in extent, and connected to Atlantic coast
Was formerly fed by sheet flow of water from the North
Has become important engineered hydrologic control point for South Florida
Extensive canals used to route water in and out of the lake
Lake used for water storage
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Lake Okeechobee (cont'd)
Agricultural inputs throughout the '90s
Esp. phosphorous
Phosphorous accumulates in lake sediment
Wind can mix sediments, increase phosphate levels
High rain events fill lake, sometimes require water release into canals even when phosphate levels are known to be high
Lake also can be elevated in phytoplankton, dinoflagelates
Phosphorous (and nitrogen?) in water releases along with phytoplankton dumped coastally
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This is a very shallow system
A low dike allowed large area to be drained for development
Reduced lake area
By removing surrounding flood plain greatly increase swings in water level
Shifting plant community incl. invasives
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Don’t Panic!
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Phosphate Balance
Phosphates limited solubility
Eventually bodies of water saturate, excess phosphate deposited in sediments
Those sediments can be exported in runoff
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Phosphate Balance
Phosphates limited solubility
Eventually bodies of water saturate, excess phosphate deposited in sediments
Those sediments can be exported in runoff
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Enter Global Warming
Warmer temperatures also favor cyanobacterial blooms
Just managing phosphate may not be enough
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What Are We Actually Doing?
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NPS
The Tamiami Trail Next Steps Project. In March 2009, Congress approved an Omnibus Appropriations Act, that included a directive to the National Park Service: "To immediately evaluate the feasibility of additional bridge length, beyond that to be constructed pursuant to the MWD Project (16 U.S.C. SS 410r-S), including a continuous bridge, or additional bridges or some combination thereof, for the Tamiami Trail (U.S. Highway 41) to restore more natural water flow to Everglades National Park and Florida Bay and for the purpose of restoring habitat within the Park and the ecological connectivity between the Park and the Water Conservation Areas.”
from NPS website
What Are We Actually Doing?
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Notice the new construction is for an elevated causeway
Current roadbed is just above canal level and blocks water sheet flow
New construction will allow sheet water to “slide” across landscape under the causeway, allowing natural flushing action.
NPS
What Are We Actually Doing?
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This view of the construction site with the causeway under construction shows you the relationship of the new causeway, old roadbed, & canal
Flooding to the left no longer shuts down the Tamiami Trail, the major East-West crossing in South Florida
Water will be able to pass under causeway but across old roadbed
NPS
NPS
What It Looks Like Now During Wet Season
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North ☞
☜ South
(towards Everglades)
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What Does Red Tide Look Like?
Various cyanobacterial blooms around the world
Note: none of these photos is at Lake Okeechobee
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Contributing Factors
Key factors are shown in this diagram
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The Impact Is Real
This scientist is collecting samples from dead Goliath groupers
These are decades-old fish who ought to have lived decades longer
Imagine a fish as long as you are tall—I’ve swum alongside one!
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Taken from: “Harmful Algal Bloom Task Force Consensus Document #1:Initial Recommendations Regarding Red Tide (Karenia brevis) Blooms”, authored by Florida’s Harmful Algal Bloom Task Force
Contributing Factors
Break into small groups
Do you see a link between human and environmental health?
Discuss
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Contributing Factors
Can you see links between environmental and human health in Arkansas?
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One-Health Approach
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Let’s Take This Apart—Discuss In Small Groups
Break this problem up into three chunks
Environmental health
Human health
Agricultural (plant & animal) health
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Discussion—How Do We As A Society Make This Situation Better Longterm?
What sort of research & mitigation must we do to reduce the problems you just outlined
Mitigation—the act of reducing how harmful, unpleasant, or bad something is
collinsdictionary.com
Agriculture
Produce crops at a reasonable price & profit
Human health
Be healthy
Environmental health
Have ecosystems that function
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FL HAB Task Force Recommendations
Public Health—we recommend that the state invest in improving our knowledge of the effects of red tide on human health.
Communications—we recommend that the state invest in a long-term strategy to improve communication and education about red tides and continue the ongoing efort to improve public access to data on HABs and water quality through a centralized, web-based portal.
Management and Response—we recommend that the state develop a comprehensive and integrated red tide response plan, facilitate the development and implementation of technologies that control algal blooms, and create tools to improve estimates of the economic impacts of red tide.
Research—we recommend that the state support enhanced and sustained ocean observations to improve forecasts and expand management options, development of an ensemble of red tide models, creation of technologies for detecting blooms and their impacts in real time, and research into mitigation and control of algal blooms at various spatial scales.
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What Do You Think?
Do you think the recommendations are good ones?
Are the recommendations sufficient to address the algal bloom issues?
Is the language direct enough?
Agriculture and agricultural practices are never mentioned
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