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ENT202 / Innovation: Strategies and Systems

Week 5: Quadruple and Quintuple Helix Systems of Innovation

College of Business and Law

Karmen Lužar

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Recognition of Traditional owners and Indigenous cultures

Charles Darwin University acknowledges the traditional custodians of the land on which we’re meeting and pays respect to Elders both past and present and extends that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

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Recap…

• Regions = agglomerations of organisational and institutional entities or stakeholders with socio-technical, socioeconomic, and socio-political conflicting as well as converging (co-operative) goals, priorities, expectations, and behaviors that they pursue via entrepreneurial development, exploration, exploitation, and deployment actions, reactions, and interactions.

• TH model = academia, industry, and government.

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Triple Helix innovation system

Figure 1: Triple Helix model

Industry

AcademiaGovernment

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Quadruple Helix system of innovation(4H)

Industry

Government

AcademiaCivil Society

Figure 2: Quadruple Helix model

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Quadruple Helix (4H) innovation system framework • A stronger focus on cooperation in innovation and the

dynamically intertwined processes of co-evolution, and co-specialisation within and across regional and sectoral innovation systems.

• Puts innovation users at its heart and encourages the development of innovations that are pertinent for users (civil society).

• Co-existence and co-evolution of different knowledge and innovation paradigms.

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Cooperative knowledge and 4H

• Interaction between individuals or other entities (groups, organisations) plays a critical role in articulating and amplifying knowledge.

• Open, highly complex and non-linear knowledge production system that seeks and realises creative ways of combining, recombining and integrating different principles of knowledge production and innovation.

• A complex network of regional stakeholders co-creating knowledge production and innovation.

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4H in regional innovation

1. Developing 4H-based regional policy initiatives

2. Co-creation of regional innovation business models within a 4H innovation systems framework

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Developing 4H-based regional policy initiatives • Civil society as the fourth pillar of the 4H represents

bottom-up actions and views of the civil society.

• Regions build their own strengths and manage a priority setting process in the context of national and regional innovation strategies, e.g. smart specialisation (smart, sustainable, and growth inclusive initiatives).

• Example: Darwin Innovation Hub

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Co-creation of regional innovation business models • The ‘Living Lab’ approach

• Examples:

• Smart City Living Lab

• Darwin Living Lab

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Quintuple Helix (5H)

• Adding the perspective of the ‘natural environments’

• Ecologically sensitive

Source: Carayannis, E, G, Barth, T, D & Campbell, D, F, J 2012 Figure 3: Knowledge production and innovation

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5H and climate change as catalyst

• Climate change has caused the world to undertake new responsibilities - humanity is accountable in the prevention of new political and/or social conflicts, unsustainable use of resources, new environmental catastrophes as well as serious crises in the market economies. => ‘Sustainable development’ (local to global level)

• Opportunity to live innovatively and effectively in union with nature for a better tomorrow –> utilising the asset of human knowledge.

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5H and climate change cont.

• Application of knowledge (know-how) and knowledge transfer at different scales (state, nation, transnationally) - ‘interdisciplinary’ and ‘transdisciplinary’ framework.

• Aim: quality-based management of effective development, recovery of a balance with nature, and allowing future generations a life of plurality and diversity on Earth.

• Socio-ecological transition is a (social) driver for innovation that may be mastered in combination with knowledge production and innovation.

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Resource of knowledge

• Rising demand for ‘new green’ knowledge solutions and know-how in order to utilise resources innovatively for society and the economy in an environmentally conscious manner - key to success for sustainable development.

• Local to global level.

• Climate change challenge - challenge of sustainability.

• Resource of knowledge = the ‘most fundamental resource’.

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Quintuple Helix explained

• “The Quintuple Helix model is interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary at the same time: the complexity of the five-helix structure implies that a full analytical understanding of all helices requires the continuous involvement of the whole disciplinary spectrum, ranging from the natural sciences (because of the natural environment) to the social sciences and humanities (because of society, democracy and the economy).”

(Carayannis E, G & Campbell D, F, J 2010, pp. 62)

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Quintuple Helix explained cont.

• The key question of 5H: ‘How do knowledge, innovation and the (natural) environment relate to each other?’

• Natural environment as a new subsystem for knowledge and innovation models, so that ‘nature’ becomes established as a central and equivalent component of and for knowledge production and innovation.

• ‘Eco-innovation’ and ‘Eco-entrepreneurship’

• 5 spheres (i.e. helices): education, economy, political, civil society/media, natural environment

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The education sphere

• Reference to ‘academia’, ‘universities’, ‘higher education systems’, and schools. In this helix, the necessary ‘human capital’ (for example: students, teachers, scientists/researchers, academic entrepreneurs, etc.) of a state (nation) is being formed by diffusion of knowledge and research.

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The economic sphere

• Consists of ‘industries’, ‘firms’, services and banks. This helix concentrates and focuses the ‘economic capital’ (for example: entrepreneurship, machines, products, technology, money, etc.) of a state/nation.

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The natural environment sphere

• The natural environment as third helice is decisive for a sustainable development and provides people with a ‘natural capital’ (for example: natural resources, plants, variety of animals, etc.).

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The media-based and culture- based public sphere (civil society) • Integrates two forms of ‘capital’.

• On the one hand, this helix has, through the culture-based public a ‘social capital’, e.g. tradition, values, etc.

• On the other hand, the helix of media-based public, e.g. television, internet, newspapers, etc. contains also ‘capital of information’ (news, communication, social networks).

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The political sphere

• Formulates the intention of the state/nation (where it is heading toward) in the present and future, thereby also defining, organising and administering the general conditions of the state/nation.

• This helix has a ‘political and legal capital’ (for example: ideas, laws, regulations, plans, politicians, etc.).

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Knowledge circulation and creation • Circulation of knowledge within and between spheres.

• On the one hand, knowledge serves as an input or resource for advanced societies and economies, which increasingly depend on knowledge.

• On the other hand, knowledge production (knowledge creation) also generates knowledge as an output, which then is being fed back (recycled) as a knowledge input.

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Knowledge circulation and creation cont.

Figure 4: The Quintuple Helix model and its functions / Source: Carayannis, E, G, Barth, T, D & Campbell, D, F, J 2012

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Knowledge circulation and creation: Step 1 • More investments flow into the helix of the education

sphere to promote sustainable development under the aspect of climate change.

• Input: investments create new impulses and suggestions for knowledge creation in the education system (e.g. new equipment, facilities, etc.).

-> A larger output of innovations from science and research.

-> Teaching and training can improve their effectiveness.

• The output that arises from human capital for a greener development or sustainable development is, in turn, also an input in the helix of the economic system.

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Knowledge circulation and creation: Step 2 • Input of new knowledge through human capital in the

economic sphere increases the value (values) of the knowledge economy.

-> Further production facilities and development opportunities for a sustainable, future-oriented (future- sensitive) green economy, based on knowledge creation, can be stimulated and achieved.

-> New types of job in the economic sphere, new green products and services, as well as new values enabling and supporting a new output of know-how and innovations by the economic sphere = ‘new sustainability’.

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Knowledge circulation and creation: Step 3 • Input: new sustainability (environmentally friendly

behaviour) = a new input of knowledge in the helix of natural environment.

-> Allows nature to regenerate itself, and strengthen its natural capital, and humanity can also learn again and furthermore from nature, i.e. knowledge creation.

-> More environmental protection and a superior quality of life to people.

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Knowledge circulation and creation: Step 4 • The output of the natural environment is followed by an

input of new knowledge about nature and a greener lifestyle for the civil society sphere.

• A crucial importance to communicate and to live a green lifestyle. Dissemination of ‘green consciousness’ through media and public.

-> This knowledge creation promotes the necessary social capital of the culture-based public, on which a society depends for sustainable development.

-> Pass on information about wishes, needs, problems, or satisfaction of citizens as output into the political system.

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Knowledge circulation and creation: Step 5 • The output of the media-based and culture-based public

serves as new input for the helix of the political system.

-> The goal of this knowledge creation is a ‘political and legal capital’ (which makes the Quintuple Helix more effective, more high-quality, and more sustainable).

-> Output of suggestions, sustainable investments, and objectives.

=> Circulation of knowledge back again into the education sphere, economic sphere, natural environment, and civil society sphere.

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Knowledge circulation and creation: Step 1 to 5

Figure 5: Effects of investments in education for sustainability / Source: Carayannis, E, G, Barth, T, D & Campbell, D, F, J 2012

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Bibliography

• Carayannis, E, G, Grigoroudis, E, Campbell, D, F, J, Meissner, D & Stamati, D 2018. ‘The ecosystem as helix: an exploratory theory‐building study of regional co‐operative entrepreneurial ecosystems as Quadruple/Quintuple Helix Innovation Models’, R & D Management, 48(1):148–162.

• Carayannis, E, G, Barth, T, D & Campbell, D, F, J 2012. ‘The Quintuple Helix innovation model: global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation’, Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 1(1):1–12.

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Questions

• Describe Quadruple Helix Innovation System (4H)

• How is 4H linked to reginal innovation?

• Describe Quintuple Helix Innovation System (5H)

• Why is the resource of knowledge considered as the ‘most fundamental resource’ and ‘driver of progress’?

• How can sustainable development be practiced step- by-step with and within a Quintuple Helix model?

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Next week…

• Innovation Strategy

• Tutorial reading for today: Ratten V 2016 ‘Multiple Helix Approaches to Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Innovation: A Case Study of the Great Barrier Reef (Australia)’. In M Peris-Ortiz M, J Ferreira, L Farinha, N Fernandes (eds) Multiple Helix Ecosystems for Sustainable Competitiveness. Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management, Springer, Cham, pp. 15-25.

• Tutorial reading for week 6 : Nidumolu, R, Prahalad, C K & Rangaswami, M R 2009 ‘Why sustainability is now the key driver of innovation’, IEEE Engineering Management Review, 43(2):85–91.

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