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Chuang Niu

ENG 122

3/5/22

https://media.npr.org/news/images/2007/oct/08/columbus_corbis200-f2606fe2028a736c44ebe2652895c5b54398f048-s1100-c50.jpg

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15040888

This image depicts the Columbus and his discovery of America. He arrived in America in late 15th century, after having handed over his letter to the Court of Spain. Columbus’s voyage to America and discovery of new land, full of new treasures travelled from country to country and birthed the European fascination with the Indies and their land. That first letter of Columbus has been a subject of debates and concern for a long while in history. Cecil Jane, a British Historian questioned whether Columbus knew how to read and write before he discovered America or set out for his voyages? So Historians claimed that letter was composed by King Ferdinand and his minister. Whether the letter is authentic or not, but it claims the visit to America.

Montserrat Stock Illustrations – 1,256 Montserrat Stock Illustrations,  Vectors & Clipart - Dreamstime

https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/montserrat.html

Montserrat is a small island located in the Leeward Islands; a British Overseas Territory. In 1989, a hurricane named Hurricane Hugo caused its destruction and again in 1995, the continuous eruption of Soufrière Hills volcano that led to the emigration of two-thirds of the island’s population. The Archeological Research began very late in this region, around 1970s and has made it possible for people from other regions to learn about the rich civilization of this island. The earliest traces of human presence on this island trace back to 5,000 years. Despite its small size and the natural disasters it faced, it is a resilient piece of land and holds an essential place in regional and global network.

Navajo creation story – Nihalgai – The Glittering or White World

http://navajopeople.org/blog/navajo-creation-story-nihalgai-the-glittering-or-white-world/

The Navajo (Story of the People) creation mythology is an interesting narration of prehistoric times when Navajo emerged and established their belief systems. The Navajo exist in four worlds; the First World is Black World. According to their narration, numerous spiritual beings lived in the first world. Altse Asdzaa (First Woman) and Altse Hastiin (First Man) were created. When too many clashes began to take place and beings could not co-exist in one place, the Navajo people emigrated. The Second World was called Blue World and it was pre-occupied with blue birds, animals, and other creatures who could not get along either so Navajo people went to the Third World.

The Yellow or Third World was laced with mighty blue rivers connecting the East and the West. It was first entered by the first man, the first woman, coyote, blue bird, and few other creatures. Yellow World also had lots of Might Rivers connecting different poles. The Fourth World is also called White World. Here, Locust was the first to gain entrance. The first man and the woman brought the sacred dust from the First World and created four sacred mountains.