English 122 Discussion

Ramic 6

Name: Azra Ramic

Professor Burton

English 122

7 October 2021

Exploratory Essay and Research Proposal

Research Questions

· What services are covered in the universal health coverage?

· What research and political techniques are used to attain UHC goals?

· What share of costs should the insurance scheme pay?

· Who should be covered?

· How to enhance fairness, efficiency as well as effectiveness of the Universal Health Coverage program?

· What are the indicators used in assessing the progress of health systems in universal coverage?

· What are the information systems needed as well as how should they be involved for effective governance in universal health care be designed?

Process

For this study I began by formulating my questions. My research began as a general idea along with specific question. My main aim was to identify what I wanted to focus on before beginning. I then majored on getting background information on the topic. This involved reading about the topic from websites as well as encyclopedias. Through this I was able to hone in on key elements which allowed me to reduce my focus on specific aspects of Universal Health Care. I then focused and refined my topic by basically thinking about what I wanted to explore. This involved asking myself if my research is meant for a general topic or a specialized one or if I should limit my topic by time, period and/or place.

In order to get the right materials for my reserch some of the questions that I considered included: what types of material do I need?; How recent should the material be?; how long will it take for my research?; and what subjects will be covered by my topic? I then made use of the CCCOnline library in identifying the most effective articles for my research on Universal Health Care. Upon identifying the appropriate articles, I gathered the material which I evaluated given that I was being overwhelmed by the information that I identified. I chose the journal articles that have been peer reviewed prior to being published; books should have been edited prior to publication. For the website sources I made use of CRAAP test for their evaluation. I gave myself sufficient time to carry out my research in order to fully understand the topic. I kept a research long which helped in keeping track of everything.

Sources

In this process I came across several sources which were associated with my research in Universal Health Care. The study by Nnaji contributes to my research since it focuses on identifying and characterizing the use of implementation research initiatives for evaluating Universal Health Coverage associated in Africa.

Derakhshani and his colleagues aims at determining the influential factors to attain Universal health coverage mainly in Iran. UHC majors on promoting ans maintaining the health of the population. In addition, the study by World Health Organization identifies the importance of research for Universal Health Coverage. This article backs up the research noted in the previous sources I used regarding Universal Health Care.

Since my study focuses on providing effective care to all people, I considered the research done by DPhil and Neelsen which conducts a well detailed study on Universal Health Coverage that aims at ensuring every person gets needed health services. It also makes sure that families get the required services and they do not suffer from financial constraints. Additionally, the study by Dye conducts a comprehensive study on Universal Health Coverage. Based on this study, Universal Health Coverage requires national and international support in order to be effective. Regarding the study conducted by Sanogo et al., Universal Health Coverage is attained in a health system when all residents of a nation have the ability to have access to sufficient healthcare. This article examines the impact of UHC on effective access to care in Africa.

More research questions

What services are covered in the universal health coverage?

· What are the most essential services that can be provided through UHC?

· How UHC will meet the required services?

· Which are the least required services?

· Who are the people that require these services?

· What research and political techniques are used to attain UHC goals?

Who should be covered?

· Why do these people need to be covered?

· Which criteria is used in selecting the most appropriate individuals to be covered?

How to enhance fairness, efficiency as well as effectiveness of the Universal Health Coverage program?

· What methods have been implemented that improves the efficiency of UHC?

· What are the proposed methods of maintaining the efficiency of UHC?

· Why should UHC maintain fairness?

What are the indicators used in assessing the progress of health systems in universal coverage?

· What factors are used in evaluating the progress of healthcare systems?

· What is the main aspect that is used in evaluating the appropriateness of UHC?

What are the information systems needed as well as how should they be involved for effective governance in universal health care be designed?

· What is the appropriateness of technology on UHC?

· Which technologies have been effective in health care facilities?

Conclusion

The issue of Universal Health Coverage, it tends to offer the best policy platform for enhancing health as well as the wellbeing for all. It tends to be a critical goal of efforts to maintain healthy lives and the wellbeing of all people. Universal Health Coverage ensures that the legal residents of a nation have access to quality basic health care despite the income, employment, and health condition (World Health Organization). The two main aspects which are combined in UHC relates to individuals’ use of health services they require as well as economic impacts of doing so. Supporting UHC can aid in delivering considerable political benefits for simple aspect that most people require access to cheap and good quality health services.

However, with universal health care, every person is expected to pay similar amount of medical care, despite their actual health. It also has to be well controlled by the government. Thus, it has the potential of limiting expensive service which may have low possibility of success. Despite the negative aspects associated with Universal Health Coverage, I still believe that it is an effective method of enhancing care. Providing Universal Health Coverage leaves every legal citizen of a nation with the ability to have access to health care services despite the capability to pay or economic status.

Work Cited

DPhil, Adam and Neelsen, S. “A comprehensive assessment of universal health coverage in 111 countries: a retrospective observational study,” The LANCET Global Health, Vol. 8, No. 8, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30463-2

Derakhshani, Naser, et al. “The influential factors for achieving universal health coverage in Iran: a multimethod study.” BMC Health Services Research, Vol. 21, no. 724.

Dye, Christopher., Reeder, John., and Terry, R. (2013). “Research for Universal Health Coverage.” Science Translational medicine, vol. 5, no.199, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3006971

Nnaji, Chukwudi, et al. “Implementation Research Approaches to Promoting Universal Health Coverage in Africa: A Scoping Review.” BMC Health Services Research, vol.20, no, 414, 2021

Sanogo, Ashken, et al. “Universal Health Coverage and Facilitation of Equitable Access to Care in Africa.” Frontiers in Public Health, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00102

World Health Organization. “Research for Universal Health Coverage,” 2013, http://publications.universalhealth2030.org/uploads/the_world_health_report_2013.pdf

World Health Organization. “Arguing for Universal Health Coverage,” 2013, https://www.who.int/health_financing/UHC_ENvs_BD.PDF