Benchmark- Cause/Effect Argument First Draft

Running Head: ORGAN TRADING 1

ORGAN TRADING

Human Organ Trading

Davina Carey

Grand Canyon University

ENG106/English Composition II

Professor Tasha Green

January 27, 2021

Human Organ Trading

Human organs are known as one of the world's most valuable things. They are vital to all, and how they work may be the difference between life and death. We have only one of our most critical organs, and it is the end of our lives when it ceases functioning unless the individual who donated the organ receives a new organ. There is an extreme lack of organ transplants worldwide. If an injured heart, kidney, or liver is immune to all means of therapy, an organ transplant or death threatens the patient. The global organ crisis has propelled the so-called 'black market' industry ("black market in human organs," n.d.). The demand is rising in society, and most donors for the organs are disadvantaged people, and the beneficiaries are wealthy people. The great question is whether the sale of human organs becomes legitimate considering the increasing need and availability of human organs?. This thesis statement sounds more like a definition argument. Please review the assignment directions to stay on track so that you can submit a successful Cause\Effect Argument Final Draft. Your thesis statement usually ends the first paragraph, and it should always forecast the direction of your argument.

Trafficking of human organs is a contentious matter for today's culture, and people vary. It can be a heatedly argued topic of logical reasoning and points from both sides of the fence. Incomplete sentence It is not just a question; one can give a clear yes or no reply. Both decisions will have additional repercussions for this intervention. If an argument or decision concerns life and death, all sides and questions need to be studied and analyzed carefully. Debates should note the content of the case rather than who is considered to be winning. In a non-threatening and impartial setting, exposure to a qualitative argument is often referred to as imaginative or formal conflict, leading to a rigorous discussion, a clearer understanding of the problems, and stronger regard for decision-making processes. The legalization of the selling of human organs appears to be a straightforward option. They are in desperate demand, and it will give more organs to people in need by making it legal to sell them. (Dalal, 2015) Good example here for a cause\effect argument. This idea could be developed as a thesis for your essay.

The paper emphasizes the kidney’s organ and how well humans can ensure that kidneys’ trade occurs equally. The kidneys are a very significant body organ. They consist of two bean-shaped organs about the size of a fist, situated just below the ribs, and each side of the spinal cage has a kidney. The kidney is responsible for the removal of garbage, contaminants, and drugs through the urine. This paper discusses the limited regulation in the world’s countries regulating the exchange of essential species vital to life's longevity. There is also controversy between universe governments regarding the need to forbid kidneys' trading (Dalal, 2015). Also, the debilitating method of kidney transplantation and patient dialysis is noteworthy. The lawfulness of the body organs’ trade is also a central topic of debate; rules ensure discipline in the black markets.

The Vatican Pope argued that human kidneys should not be transplanted, but it is clear that the procedure saves many individuals' lives in actual reality. Pope proceeds and poses a philosophical dilemma, which is considering transplanting kidneys to reduce a person's dignity. It does not pose any potential moral concern given the inflated price of a kidney when it comes to a reservation for the wealthy in society, however expensive it may be to procure a kidney. Furthermore, people can give up their kidneys for the sake of money in third-world wide that countries. Unclear The Pope's stance on this type of trading's morals is also an invitation for a good re-examination and justification to enhance satisfaction. More specifically, a law is expected to direct this trade, deeply rooted in the Black Market. It helps the surgeons behave soberly instead of merely hoping for customers' money to bring their futures on the line. Rhetoric highlights the fact that there is no regulation on the organ trade.

Regulation is vital to make sure that there is are honesty and integrity in the trading of body organs. It would reduce the number of gangs working in a predominantly black and subway market. The revenues lost every day draws much attention; they are incredibly essential to upgrade treatment services and increase rental units in medical hospitals. Other incomes could be used to prepare more surgeons to perform organ transplants that could increase the capacity to deal with critical cases like these. Subsequently, patients who receive organs lawfully reduce the world's mortality rate. When an aged individual transplants a kidney, it can help the recipient for ten years, while a kidney from younger and healthier individual benefits the recipient for two times as long, or luckily for the whole lifetime.

It explains the truth regarding the trading of body organs, particularly the vital kidney organ that is important to clean up the body system. This essay illustrates the facts faced by individuals regarding the sale and donation of body organs. In this situation, it is the kidney through a transplant. In this essay, the audience discussed that governments worldwide explain that certain countries excel in body organ trading, with the kidney constituting a significant trade segment. Additional audiences include care practitioners who directly help manage organs and aim to change the organ's proprietorship. In this topic, brokers who apply for the body, organs are also relevant. Sentence fragment Lastly, this essay is vital for the patients (buyer) themselves and donors who, through their tremendous commitment to supporting patients who need new organs, are not recipients.

The amount of payment of human organs is reduced, and the human organs become useful, as likely donors consider that the exchange is not a moral donation, but a transaction (Shaw & Bell, 2015). A legal, structured market for organs would not only save lives but would also encourage people to turn to the often medically faulty and hostile black market (Taylor, 2017). The easiest way to find a solution to the problem is to compensate for healthy people's organs, but it is becoming difficult. Measures should be taken to make it easy for hospitals to reimburse donors for their costs and compensate them through Medicare and other medical insurance. Every country should take counter measures to safeguard the poorest and underprivileged populations against transplant tourism and the sale of human organs/tissues.

The sad condemnation of the humankind state is that humanity seeks to pursue a rise in profits everywhere there is a demand, even though this contributes to human exploitation. Most developed countries are said to have been worse off than before after unclear organ donation. Not just a physical regression was witnessed, but also internal deuteriation for months, if not years. The mechanism is further powered by fraudulent medical practitioners and black-market organ traders who consider the chance for financial gains, taking advantage of both the vanishing receiver and the vulnerable seller. It may be attributed to economic pressures and the inability to develop a deceased donor program due to national, social, and religious challenges.

This document contains statistics on people requiring these organs. Kidney costs are typically raised and overlooked at times. It is projected that kidney disorders impact 350,000 Americans in the final stage. It demands that this troubling number be monitored urgently. In 2000, 2,583 Americans died waiting for a kidney transplant (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2016). Good use of cited statistics! A fresh kidney of a healthy person on the black-market costs about $150,000. In third world nations, high poverty levels cause more worry because many cannot bear those human organs' expense. The donation of organs is the contribution of an individual's biological tissue. That may be a deceased body or an existing person giving it to an alive individual who wants a transplant. The world's first organ donor is considered to be Ronald Herrick. He succeeded in the transplant operation. He gave his kidney to his chronic nephritis-affected brother Richard. For Richard to survive, he required a kidney transplant. Since Ronald was capable of keeping his brother alive by transplanting the kidney, he couldn't watch his brother die.

Doctors rejected the kidney transplant and said they had tried it once, but the operation was a failure. They didn't know that this situation was much dissimilar altogether. Given that the tissue and genetics of both Ronald and Richard were similar (considering they were identical twins) identical, it was their most fantastic opportunity for the operation to succeed ("Transplant pioneers recall medical milestone," 2004). The doctors consulted each other and performed the transplant, allowing Ronald to the first living donor to save another person's life with his organ. I have understood from the story that risk-taking and opportunity are advisable. Many people have a perspective that after donating an organ to someone, their lives will not be the same healthy-wise, but that is just a belief. I disagree because Richard recovered after having undergone a transplant operation. He also married and had two healthy children and lived happily with one kidney. Nice example, but you need to add a final paragraph that contains a conclusion, and the conclusion should basically summarize and finalize your cause\effect argument.

First Draft Grading

· You will receive completion points for the first draft based upon the successful submission of a complete draft.

· Because your first draft is a completion grade, do not assume that this grade reflects or predicts the final grade. If you do not consider your instructor’s comments, you may be deducted points on your final draft.

ENG-106 Rubric: Cause and Effect Argument

Criteria	% Value	1: Unsatisfactory	2: Less Than Satisfactory	3: Satisfactory	4: Good	5: Excellent
% Scaling		0%	65%	75%	85%	100%
Content & Ideas – 40%
Cause and Effect Content and Ideas Should: Include an effective title. Present a thesis that centers specifically on a problem of cause and effect. Use cause and effect chains and inductive reasoning to support the cause and effect argument established in the thesis. Cite evidence that supports the cause and effect chains and inductive reasoning.	40%	Does not have title, and has missing or indiscernible thesis statement and minimal evidence to support main ideas. Argument includes elements of cause/effect, but the argument does not center on causes or consequences. The student does not use strategies that support cause and effect arguments.	Title may not suggest subject and does not spark interest. Thesis statement and/or the controlling idea are not clearly stated. Argument includes elements of cause/effect, but the argument does not center on causes or consequences and/or the writer does not use strategies that support cause and effect arguments very well. Ideas are underdeveloped and clichéd. They do not support the thesis. Evidence from outside sources can be irrelevant.	Title suggests subject but does not spark interest. Thesis statement identifies the main point the author is trying to make. Most of content relates to thesis statement, but lacks sufficient support through appropriate strategies. Argument may not center specifically on cause/effect or use strategies that support cause and effect arguments effectively. Cited evidence sometimes does not justify ideas.	Title suggests subject but does not necessarily spark interest. Thesis statement clearly identifies the main point the author is trying to make. Argument centers specifically on cause/effect and uses strategies that support cause and effect arguments (cause and effect chains and inductive reasoning). Most of the content supports thesis, and cited evidence usually justifies ideas.	Title suggests subject and sparks interest. With a clear, controlling idea, thesis statement effectively identifies the main point the student is trying to make. Content supports thesis well. Argument centers specifically on cause/effect and effectively uses strategies that support cause and effect arguments (cause and effect chains and inductive reasoning). Specific, cited evidence justifies ideas and enriches the essay.
Organization – 12%
Organization	12%	No apparent organization present. Ineffective introduction does not invite readers or explain the subject. The reader cannot find the thesis statement. Underdeveloped paragraphs lack focus and topic sentences. No conclusion present.	No apparent organization present. Introduction explains subject, but does not engage readers. Thesis is difficult to find. Underdeveloped paragraphs lack focus and topic sentences. Weak conclusion offered.	Organization is clear, but with minor errors. Introduction explains subject, but does not adequately engage readers. Thesis may be misplaced. Paragraphs are not developed around topic sentences, and may not always advance essay's ideas. Conclusion summarizes but does not conclude.	Organization aids readers in understanding content. Introduction explains subject, but may not engage readers. Thesis statement is placed appropriately, according to the genre of the writing set forth in the assignment description in the syllabus. Well-ordered paragraphs are developed around topic sentences, and advance essay's ideas. Conclusion may be more of a summary.	Logically organized to lead readers to understanding content. Introduction explains subject and engages readers. Thesis statement is placed appropriately, according to the genre set forth in the assignment description in the syllabus. Well-ordered paragraphs are developed around topic sentences, and advance essay's ideas. Conclusion provides strong, satisfying ending, not a mere summary of the essay.
Format – 16%
Paper Format	16%	Layout: Essay lacks more than THREE of the following: double-spaced, 12 pt, Times New Roman font, 1inch margins, heading (with name, course, date, and instructor), assignment title, and page numbers using appropriate header function. Not all information, paraphrases, quotations, and borrowed ideas are cited on the page they appear; little or no in-text citations and/or entries on reference page used; major documentation oversights noted; major format errors and omissions noted; inappropriate number of required sources used.	Layout: Essay lacks THREE of the following: double-spaced, 12 pt. Times New Roman font, 1inch margins, heading (with name, course, date, and instructor), assignment title, and page numbers using appropriate header function. Not all information, paraphrases, quotations, and borrowed ideas are cited on the page they appear; missing more than one citation and/or reference entry; significant documentation oversights noted; significant format errors or omissions noted; inappropriate number of required sources used.	Layout: Essay lacks TWO of the following: double-spaced, 12 pt. Times New Roman font, 1inch margins, heading (with name, course, date, and instructor), assignment title, and page numbers using appropriate header function. Not all information, paraphrases, quotations, and borrowed ideas are cited on the page they appear; missing one in-text citation and/or reference entry; minor documentation oversights noted; minor formatting errors or omissions noted; appropriate number of required sources are used.	Essay lacks ONE of the following: double-spaced, 12 pt. Times New Roman font, 1inch margins, heading (with name, course, date, and instructor), assignment title, and page numbers using appropriate header function. All information, paraphrases, quotations, and borrowed ideas are cited on the page that they appear and are listed on the references page (GCU format); some minor errors or omissions in format noted; appropriate number of required sources is used.	Layout: Essay is double-spaced with 12 pt. Times New Roman font, 1inch margins, heading (with name, course, date, and instructor), assignment title, and page numbers using appropriate header function. All information, paraphrases, quotations, and borrowed ideas are cited in parenthetical GCU format; all sources are listed on the references page (GCU format); all citations and reference entries are complete and in alphabetical order; appropriate number of required sources is used.
Language & Style – 16%
Language & Style	16%	Voice & tone are inappropriate and ineffective in creating appropriate mood. Inappropriate word choice used. Sentence structure includes ungrammatical structures and no variety. Writing is wordy.	Voice & tone are inappropriate and ineffective in creating appropriate mood. Word choice fails in use of appropriate, precise language and strong verbs. Includes too many to be verbs. No attempt to vary sentence structure noted. Writing is wordy.	Voice & tone usually do not characterize ideas appropriately or effectively create appropriate mood. Word choice includes nonstandard outdated usage, too many to be verbs, is not precise, and is occasionally incorrect. Some slang or jargon exists in the paper. Inadequate variety in sentence structure noted. Writing is wordy.	Voice & tone usually characterize ideas effectively create appropriate mood. Word choice usually includes current standard usage, active verbs, concrete nouns, and precise words. Some slang or jargon exists in the paper. Some variety of sentence structures strengthens the ideas, creates vitality, and avoids choppiness in the writing. Writing is mostly concisely written.	Voice & tone characterize ideas and effectively create appropriate mood. Word choice includes current standard usage, active verbs, concrete nouns, and precise words. Sentence structures strengthen the ideas, create vitality, and avoid choppiness in the writing. Writing is concise.
Grammar & Mechanics – 16%
Grammar & Mechanics	16%	Demonstrates no control of grammar, spelling, & punctuation conventions. Many errors, such as: Apostrophe use Capitalization Commas misplaced or missing Parallelism Faulty point of view shifts Pronoun agreement Quotation errors Semicolons misused Run-ons & fragments Spelling errors Subject-verb agreement Tense shifts	Demonstrates minimal control of grammar, spelling, & punctuation conventions. Several errors, such as: Apostrophe use Capitalization Commas misplaced or missing Parallelism Faulty point of view shifts Pronoun agreement Quotation errors Semicolons misused Run-ons & fragments Spelling errors Subject-verb agreement Tense shifts	Demonstrates reasonable control of grammar, spelling, & punctuation conventions. Some errors, such as: Apostrophe use Capitalization Commas misplaced or missing Parallelism Faulty point of view shifts Pronoun agreement Quotation errors Semicolons misused Run-ons & fragments Spelling errors Subject-verb agreement Tense shifts	Demonstrates high control of grammar, spelling, & punctuation conventions. Few errors, such as: Apostrophe use Capitalization Commas misplaced or missing Parallelism Faulty point of view shifts Pronoun agreement Quotation errors Semicolons misused Run-ons & fragments Spelling errors Subject-verb agreement Tense shifts	Demonstrates outstanding control of grammar, spelling, & punctuation conventions. No errors, such as: Apostrophe use Capitalization Commas misplaced or missing Parallelism Faulty point of view shifts Pronoun agreement Quotation errors Semicolons misused Run-ons & fragments Spelling errors Subject-verb agreement Tense shifts

Completion Score: 20/20

References.

Dalal, A. R. (2015). Philosophy of organ donation: Review of ethical facets. World journal of transplantation, 5(2), 44. https://dx.doi.org/10.5500%2Fwjt.v5.i2.44

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2016, December 1). Kidney disease statistics for the United States. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/kidney-disease

Shaw, R. M., & Bell, L. J. (2015). 'Because you can't live on love': living kidney donors' perspectives on compensation and payment for organ donation. Health Expectations, 18(6), 3201-3212. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.12310

Taylor, J. S. (2017). Stakes and kidneys: why markets in human body parts are morally imperative. Taylor & Francis.

The black market in human organs (n.d.). Deviant Globalization: Black Market Economy in the 21st Century.  https://doi.org/10.5040/9781501300936.ch-004

Transplant pioneers recall medical milestones. (2004, December 20). NPR.org. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from  https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4233669