Psychology
Maria Castro 
EmployeeMotivation.pptEmployee Motivation
*
Employees will be motivated if
- They have a personality that predisposes them to be motivated
- Their expectations have been met
- The job and organization are consistent with their values
- The employees have been given achievable goals
- The employees receive feedback on their goal attainment
- The organization rewards them for achieving their goals
- The employees perceive they are being treated fairly
- Their coworkers demonstrate a high level of motivation
*
Is an Employee Predisposed to Being Motivated?
- Personality
Conscientiousness
- Self-esteem
Chronic
Situational
Socially influenced
- Need for achievement
- Intrinsic motivation
*
Need for Achievement
- McClelland (1961)
- Three needs
Need for achievement
Need for affiliation
Need for power
*
Employee Values and Expectations
- Have the employee’s expectations been met?
Realistic job previews (RJPs)
Job descriptions
- Have the employee’s needs, values and wants been met?
Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy
ERG Theory
Two-factor Theory
*
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
*
Basic Biological Needs
Safety Needs
Social Needs
Ego Needs
Self-Actualization Needs
ERG Theory
- Growth
- Relatedness
- Existence
*
Two-Factor Theory
- Motivators
Responsibility
Growth
Challenge
Job control
- Hygiene factors
Pay
Benefits
Coworkers
Security
*
Comparison of Needs Theories
*
| Maslow | ERG | Two-Factor |
| Self-actualization | Growth | Motivators |
| Ego | ||
| Social | Relatedness | Hygiene Factors |
| Safety | Existence | |
| Physical |
Setting Goals
- Specific
- Measurable
- Difficult but attainable
- Relevant
- Time bound
- Employee participation
*
Providing Feedback
- Positive Feedback
should be specific
should be sincere
should be timely
- Negative Feedback
should be constructive
concentrate on behaviors
always give in private
*
The Premack Principle
- Different things reinforce different people
- We can get people to engage in behaviors they don’t like by reinforcing them with the opportunity to engage in behaviors they like better
*
Sample Reinforcement Hierarchy
*
- Money
- Time off from work
- Lunch time
- Working next to Wanda
- Supervisor praise
- Running the press
- Getting printing plates
- Throwing out oily rags
- Typesetting
- Cleaning the press
Least Desired
Most Desired
Financial Incentive Plans
- Individual Incentive Plans
pay for performance
merit pay
- Organizational Incentive Plans
profit sharing
gainsharing
stock options
*
Are Rewards And Resources Given Equitably?
- Equity Theory
- Components
inputs
outputs
input/output ratio
- Possible Situations
underpayment
overpayment
equal payment
*
Equity Theory
- Underpayment
Work less hard
Become more selfish
Lower job satisfaction
- Overpayment
No guilt feelings
Work harder
Become more team oriented
*
