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ELH.docxExecutive Leadership in Healthcare:
· Watson, S. (2016). Organizational Behavior and Theory in Healthcare: Leadership Perspectives and Management Applications. Download Organizational Behavior and Theory in Healthcare: Leadership Perspectives and Management Applications. Health Administration Press. Read-Chapter 9 – Leadership Theories and Styles
· Fischer, H., Heidler, P., Coco, L., & Albanese, V. (2022). Leadership Theories and the Veterinary Health Care System. Download Leadership Theories and the Veterinary Health Care System. Veterinary Sciences, 9(10), 538-. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100538
· Olley, R. (2021). A Focused Literature Review of Power and Influence Leadership Theories Download A Focused Literature Review of Power and Influence Leadership Theories . Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management, 16(2), 7-15. https://doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v16i2.807
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Module 1: Foundation leadership in Leadership Theories in Healthcare
Model one discussion
In this weeks module we reviewed various leadership theories. Please answer the following question in review of your own leadership style.
1. Share your results of your Clifton Strengths (i.e. encourager, belief, developer, etc. )assessment.
2. Which leadership theory(ies) do you best align with and why?
Each response must be substantive and a maximum of 250 words.
A minimum of two responses to your peers are due also
Cite sources in APA format
Module 1: Assignment -need link to Clifton Strengths
Purpose of Assignment:
This assignment integrates insights from the CliftonStrengths assessment with key leadership theories in healthcare. You will analyze various leadership theories, reflect on how they align with your personal leadership style, and identify strengths that enhance your effectiveness as a leader in a healthcare organization.
Steps to Complete Assignment:
1. Research key leadership theories in healthcare, including transformational, servant, situational, and authentic leadership. Summarize their core principles and applications in addressing team dynamics, patient care, and organizational goals.
2. Complete the CliftonStrengths assessment. You may also use your previous CliftonStrengths assessment results if available.
3. Identify the leadership theory or theories that best align with your top CliftonStrengths. Reflect on how these strengths have shaped your ability to lead, build teams, or solve problems in healthcare.
4. Write a 2–3-page reflective essay summarizing your findings. Include:
A. A brief overview of leadership theories in healthcare.
B. An analysis of your leadership style and its alignment with specific theories.
C. Examples of how your CliftonStrengths enhance your leadership.
D. Opportunities for growth and areas you plan to develop further.
5. Use credible sources (i.e. peer-reviewed journals, course materials, etc.).
Submission Details:
Submit your assignment by uploading a single file (Word or PDF format) containing your 2–3-page leadership reflective essay. Use Arial font, 12pt size, and ensure all sources are cited in APA format.
Module 2: Week 2: Role of Cultural and Gender Diversity in Healthcare Leadership
Model 2 Discussion
In this weeks module we examined the role of race and gender in healthcare. In further review, we will discuss the impact race and gender has on leadership in a healthcare organization.
1. Identify a scenario in healthcare environment where you encountered or witnessed a leadership challenge based on race or gender.
2. What strategy (ies) can use to overcame leadership challenges. For example, sponsorship, servant leadership, etc
Cite sources in APA format
Each response must be substantive and a maximum of 250 words.
A minimum of two responses to your peers are due also
Week 3:Emergency Preparedness for healthcare Leader
Module 3: Discussion- Peer Review
In this weeks module we discussed situational leadership and it application to emergency preparedness. In your assignment your created an Incident Command System for your organization which you will share with the class.
1. Post a diagram or organization chart of your Incident Command Structure.
2. Provide a brief overview of the roles in your ICS.
3. Provide feedback to your peers.
Each response must be substantive and a maximum of 250 words.
A minimum of two responses to your peers are due also
Module 3: Assignment
Week 3:Emergency Preparedness for healthcare Leader
Purpose of Assignment:
The purpose of this assignment is to develop a comprehensive command structure for your organization to effectively respond to an emergency situation. By utilizing the principles of the Incident Command System (ICS), you will outline the roles, responsibilities, and communication processes necessary for an organized, efficient response to a crisis.
Steps to Complete Assignment:
Scenario
On the day of the Presidential Inauguration in Washington, D.C., your healthcare organization is preparing for the large crowds and heightened security risks associated with the event. As expected, the city is filled with large crowds, dignitaries, and increased security presence. In the early afternoon, a sudden and unexpected series of events unfold: a large-scale traffic accident involving multiple vehicles occurs near the healthcare organization, leading to numerous casualties, while at the same time, a medical emergency unfolds at a nearby gathering site. The healthcare organization is now facing a surge of patients, limited resources, and potential security threats.
Part 1
1. Create a report (2-3 pages) summarizing your command structure: leadership roles and supports, communication plan, resource allocation, training preparedness, and reflection
Command Structure
Using the Incident Command System (ICS) as a guide, create a command structure that details the leadership hierarchy for managing the emergency response. Include the following roles and responsibilities within your structure:
· Incident Commander (IC): The overall leader who oversees the response and makes critical decisions.
· Operations Section Chief: Responsible for the coordination of all operational response activities.
· Planning Section Chief: Responsible for collecting, evaluating, and disseminating information about the emergency situation.
· Logistics Section Chief: Ensures the provision of resources, supplies, and personnel.
· Finance/Admin Section Chief: Manages all financial and administrative aspects of the emergency response.
· Public Information Officer (PIO): Handles communication with the public, media, and external agencies.
· Safety Officer: Ensures the safety of responders and affected individuals during the emergency.
Be sure to consider how each role leads and supports others in the command structure and contributes to the overall emergency response.
1. Communications: Explain how your command structure will communicate internally and externally to coordinate the response.
2. Resource Allocation: Describe how resources ( i.e. personnel, equipment, supplies) will be allocated during an emergency.
3. Training and Preparedness: Describe training priorities and how the command structure will be regularly reviewed and updated.
4. Reflective Analysis: Reflect on how your command structure will help manage an emergency effectively. Discuss potential challenges, areas for improvement, and how you will address them in future planning.
Part 2
1. Create an org chart of your ICS and post to the discussion board.
Submission Details:
Submit your assignment as a report (2-3 pages) summarizing your incident command structure: leadership roles and supports, communication plan, resource allocation, training preparedness, and reflection. Post an organization chart of your ICS to the discussion board.
Module 3: Leadership Reflection Assignment
Purpose of Assignment:
The purpose of this assignment is to reflect on the principles of Communication and Relationship Management as outlined by the American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE). Through this reflection, you will assess how these competencies are applied in your personal leadership style and identify strategies for improvement in managing communication and building relationships within healthcare settings.
Steps to Complete Assignment:
Begin by completing the ACHE Domain 1: Communication and Relationship Management Download Communication and Relationship Management competency assessment, covering the following:
1. Relationship Management
2. Communication Skills
3. Facilitation and Negotiation
Reflect on your own leadership experience, particularly in the context of communication and relationship management. Address at least 4 of the following questions in your reflection:
1. How do you communicate with your team, peers, and stakeholders, and adapt your style to meet varying needs or situations?
2. What strategies do you use to build trust, respect, and collaboration within your team?
3. Describe a communication or relationship management challenge you’ve faced and how you overcame it.
4. What feedback have you received on your communication skills, and how have you applied it to your leadership development?
5. How do your communication practices impact patient experiences and staff morale?
6. What role do strong relationships play in fostering an inclusive and collaborative healthcare environment?
7. How can enhancing your communication and relationship management skills improve healthcare outcomes?
Submission Details:
Submit a written reflection (2-4 pages) Microsoft Word document, Arial, 12 Font. Include specific examples from your own leadership experiences. Cite sources in APA format.
Module 4: Discussion -Peer Review
Week 4: Artificial Intelligence ( AI) and Cybersecurity
Once you have completed your communication plan and organizational chart, follow these steps:
· Post your organizational chart to the discussion board for peer feedback.
· Review at least two other posts from your peers and provide constructive feedback on their organizational charts.
·
· Focus on clarity, completeness, and how well their charts address the communication plan's needs.
·
· Offer suggestions for improvement or ask questions to help refine their approach.
· Use credible sources to support your communication plan.
· Each response must be substantive and a maximum of 250 words.
· A minimum of two responses to your peers are due also
Module 4: Assignment
Purpose of Assignment:
This assignment helps you explore how to address cybersecurity risks posed by AI systems in a healthcare organization. By focusing on collaboration with other departments, effective leadership strategies, and building a communication plan, you will develop the skills needed to manage challenges related to technology, patient safety, and organizational trust.
Steps to Complete Assignment:
Scenario:
You are the Chief Operations Officer (COO) at a mid-sized healthcare organization, CareWell Health Systems, which has recently implemented a new AI-driven diagnostic tool to improve patient outcomes. The AI system integrates patient data from multiple sources, including electronic health records (EHRs), wearable devices, and lab results, to provide real-time insights for clinicians.
A recent cybersecurity breach at a similar healthcare facility has highlighted the vulnerabilities of AI systems, especially those handling sensitive patient data. Hackers infiltrated the EHR system, accessing confidential patient records and disrupting AI operations, which caused delays in care delivery. While CareWell Health Systems has not yet experienced a breach, the risks are real, and the organization needs a proactive communication plan to address potential threats and coordinate a response if an incident occurs.
As the COO, you must lead an interdisciplinary team to develop a communication plan that ensures clear collaboration across departments, including IT, clinical staff, and administration. The goal is to:
· Mitigate potential cybersecurity risks.
· Prepare for swift and coordinated action in the event of a breach.
· Foster trust among patients and stakeholders through transparent communication.
Part 1: Detailed Communication Plan and Organizational Chart
You are tasked with creating a detailed communication plan for CareWell Health Systems. Utilize your leadership strengths, power of influence and transformative leadership theories to address the steps the organization will take to prepare for and respond to a cybersecurity breach involving the AI system. Your communication plan should include:
· Strategies to ensure effective collaboration between IT, clinical staff, and administration.
· Actions leaders can take to create urgency and accountability across departments for cybersecurity.
· Key elements that should be included in the communication plan to prepare for and respond to a cybersecurity breach.
· Your plan to address potential resistance or apathy toward implementing cybersecurity measures.
Along with your communication plan, include an organizational chart that outlines key roles and responsibilities, such as:
1. Who will lead communication efforts (e.g., IT lead, risk manager)?
2. How will information flow between departments?
3. What roles are necessary to manage both internal and external communications during a cybersecurity incident?
Part 2: Discussion Board Post
Once you have completed your communication plan and organizational chart, follow these steps:
· Post your organizational chart to the discussion board for peer feedback.
· Review at least two other posts from your peers and provide constructive feedback on their organizational charts.
·
· Focus on clarity, completeness, and how well their charts address the communication plan's needs.
·
· Offer suggestions for improvement or ask questions to help refine their approach.
· Use credible sources to support your communication plan.
Submission Details:
Submit your assignment by uploading a single file (Word or PDF format) containing your 2–3-page communication plan and organizational chart. Use Arial font, 12pt size, and ensure all sources are cited in APA format. For the discussion board, upload your organizational chart as an image or file and provide feedback on at least two of your peers' posts. You will have one attempt to submit this assignment
Module 4: Leadership Reflection Assignment
Purpose of Assignment:
The purpose of this assignment is to reflect on your leadership ability as it aligns with Domain 2: Leadership from the American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) competency assessment tool. This domain focuses on inspiring excellence, creating a shared vision, and managing change within an organization. By reflecting on the key components of leadership, you will assess your personal leadership style and identify areas for growth.
Steps to Complete Assignment:
Begin by completing the ACHE Domain 2: Leadership Download Leadership competency assessment, covering the following:
1. Leadership Skills and Behavior
2. Organizational Climate and Culture
3. Communicating Vision
4. Managing Change
Reflect on your own leadership experience, particularly in the context of professional development. Address the following questions in your reflection:
1. How do your leadership behaviors inspire and motivate others?
· What is one strength and one area for improvement in your style?
2. How does your leadership shape the culture within your organization and contribute to fostering a positive climate?
3. How do you communicate your organization’s vision to ensure it is clear and inspiring to your team?
4. Reflect on a recent change you managed—how did you engage your team, and what strategies supported their adaptation?
Submission Details:
Submit a written reflection (2-4 pages) Microsoft Word document, Arial, 12 Font. Include specific examples from your own leadership experiences. Cite sources in APA format.
Module 5: Discussion
Model 5 Leadership in Well-Managed Healthcare Organization
In this weeks module we explored ethics in healthcare.
1. Share an example (case studies) of unethical leadership and impact on patient care. You may refer to Chapter 4, p. 54 of your textbook for insight.
2. What was the impact of unethical leadership on patient care?
3. What leadership strategies would you use to address unethical leadership in patient care.
Each response must be substantive and a maximum of 250 words.
A minimum of two responses to your peers are due also
Module 5: Leadership Reflection Assignment
Purpose of Assignment:
The purpose of this assignment is to reflect on your leadership ability as it aligns with Domain 3: Professional Development from the American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) competency assessment tool. This domain focuses on responsibility to the patient and the community, emphasizing a service-oriented mindset, and highlights your commitment to lifelong learning and improvement. By reflecting on the key components of professional development you will assess your personal leadership style and identify areas for growth.
Steps to Complete Assignment:
Begin by completing the ACHE Domain 3: Professionalism Download Professionalism competency assessment, covering the following:
1. Personal and Professional Accountability
2. Professional Development and Lifelong Learning
3. Contributions to the Community and Profession
Reflect on your own leadership experience, particularly in the context of professional development. Address the following questions in your reflection:
1. How do you hold yourself accountable for your actions?
· What is one example where you demonstrated strong accountability?
2. What steps are you taking to enhance your knowledge and skills?
· How has a recent learning experience contributed to your growth as a healthcare leader?
3. How have you contributed to your community or the healthcare profession?
· Describe a specific initiative or role where you made a meaningful impact and explain its significance.
4. What is one area for improvement within these components, and what steps will you take to address it?
Submission Details:
Submit a written reflection (2-4 pages) Microsoft Word document, Arial, 12 Font. Include specific examples from your own leadership experiences. Cite sources in APA format.
Module 6: Discussion
Model 6 Knowledge of the Healthcare Environment
n this week's module we have discussed cultural barriers that contribute to unequal treatment in patient care. In relation to this week’s topic, we will discusses how changes in regulation could impact patient care.
1. Describe changes and regulation that could mitigate unequal treatment in patient care.
Each response must be substantive and a maximum of 250 words.
A minimum of two responses to your peers are due also
Module 6: Assignment
Purpose of Assignment:
Systemic issues, such as cultural barriers, can contribute to unequal treatment and disparities in patient care. In this assignment, you will focus on identifying a cultural barrier in healthcare and explore how it affects patient care. You will then use one of Domain 4: Knowledge of the Healthcare Environment competencies to propose solutions to address these barriers (e.g., language barriers, lack of cultural competence among providers, or healthcare policies that disadvantage certain groups).
Steps to Complete Assignment:
1. Choose one competency from the Knowledge of the Healthcare Environment (i.e. healthcare models, support services, healthcare trends, etc.), that could contribute to cultural barriers and healthcare inequality.
2. Discuss the impact of this systemic issue on patient care and outcomes:
· Provide specific examples from real or hypothetical healthcare settings.
· Consider the ethical implications of these barriers on patient trust and the quality of care.
3. Based on your analysis of your selected competency:
· Propose strategies or initiatives that healthcare leaders can implement to reduce cultural barriers and promote equitable treatment for all patients.
· Explain how they can be integrated into the healthcare environment
4. Use credible sources (i.e. peer reviewed journals)
Submission Details:
Submit your assignment by uploading a single file (Word or PDF format), 2–3 pages in length. Use Arial font, 12pt size, and ensure all sources are cited in APA format. You will have one attempt to submit this assignment.
Module 6: Leadership Reflection Assignment
Purpose of Assignment:
This assignment encourages you to reflect on your understanding of the healthcare system and environment, emphasizing healthcare systems, personnel, the patient's perspective, and the broader community and environment. Through this reflection, you will explore how these elements influence your role as a healthcare leader.
Steps to Complete Assignment:
Begin by completing the ACHE Domain 4. Knowledge of the Healthcare Environment Download Knowledge of the Healthcare Environment competency assessment, covering the following:
· Healthcare Systems and Organizations
· Healthcare Personnel
· The Patient’s Perspective
· The Community and the Environment
Reflect on your own leadership experience, particularly in the context of Knowledge of the Healthcare Environment. Address the following questions in your reflection:
1. Reflect on your understanding of how healthcare systems operate.
· How do the structure and function of healthcare organizations influence your decision-making as a leader?
· Provide an example of how you've applied this knowledge in your role.
2. How do you perceive the role of healthcare personnel in delivering patient care?
· Reflect on how you collaborate with healthcare teams and/or manage personnel to improve patient outcomes.
· Share an example of a challenge you’ve faced in managing or supporting personnel and how you overcame it.
3. How do you integrate the patient's perspective into your leadership decisions?
· Describe a situation where considering the patient’s perspective helped improve a process or outcome.
4. Reflect on the broader healthcare environment, including community factors (socioeconomic, healthcare trends, legislative issues and advocacy, etc.).
· How do you understand the relationship between healthcare organizations and the community they serve?
· How can healthcare leaders address community health needs through organizational efforts?
Submission Details:
Submit a written reflection (2-4 pages) Microsoft Word document, Arial, 12 Font. Include specific examples from your own leadership experiences. Cite sources in APA format.
Module 7: Discussion
Week 7 Business Skills and Knowledge
In this week’s module, we reviewed the nine competencies outlined in the Business Skills and Knowledge section of the ACHE assessment. Based on your organization or a case study of an organization addressing unequal treatment in patient care, answer the following questions:
1. Prioritize and rank the nine competencies based on their significance in helping a healthcare organization address unequal treatment in patient care.
2. Justify your ranking by providing supporting evidence and examples.
Each response must be substantive and a maximum of 250 words.
A minimum of two responses to your peers are due also
Module 7: Assignment
Purpose of Assignment:
As a healthcare leader, it’s important to address disparities in patient care. In this assignment, you will select one competency from the Business Skills Assessment (such as general management, financial management, patient safety, etc.) and develop a strategic leadership plan aimed at addressing unequal treatment in patient healthcare. This plan should outline how the selected competency can be applied to create positive change and improve healthcare equity.
Steps to Complete Assignment:
Choose one competency from the Business Skills Assessment (e.g., general management, financial management, strategic planning).
1. Identify an example of unequal treatment in healthcare that is relevant to your selected competency. For example, you could focus on issues like access to care, biased treatment, or disparities in health outcomes.
2. Develop Your Plan:
A. Goal: Define the goal of your leadership plan (how will it address unequal treatment?).
B. Strategies: Outline key strategies using the selected competency to address the issue.
C. Implementation: Explain how these strategies can be implemented in a healthcare setting.
D. Outcomes: Identify what success looks like and how it will be measured.
3. Discuss how your plan will promote fairness and patient trust, and consider any ethical issues related to healthcare equity.
4. Use credible sources to support your plan.
Submission Details:
Submit your assignment by uploading a single file (Word or PDF format), 2–3 pages in length. Use Arial font, 12pt size, and ensure all sources are cited in APA format. You will have one attempt to submit this assignment.
Module 7: Leadership Reflection Assignment
Purpose of Assignment:
This assignment encourages you to reflect on your understanding of the healthcare system and environment, emphasizing healthcare systems, personnel, the patient's perspective, and the broader community and environment. Through this reflection, you will explore how these elements influence your role as a healthcare leader.
Steps to Complete Assignment:
Begin by completing the ACHE Domain 5. Business Skills and Knowledge Download Business Skills and Knowledge competency assessment, covering the following:
1. General Management
2. Financial Management
3. Human Resource Management
4. Organizational Dynamics and Governance
5. Strategic Planning and Marketing
6. Information Management
7. Risk Management
8. Quality Improvement
9. Patient Safety
Reflect on your leadership experience, focusing on the domain of Business Skills and Knowledge. Review your assessment and select 4 questions from the list below. Choose questions that address two areas where you excel and two areas where you could improve or gain more experience. Answer your selected questions thoughtfully to guide your leadership development.
1. What ways do you apply business principles and systems thinking in healthcare management to enhance processes and decision-making?
2. Can you share an example of a financial decision that balanced financial goals with quality patient care and influenced patient care or operational outcomes?
3. What strategies do you use to manage healthcare personnel effectively, ensuring alignment with organizational goals and improving team performance?
4. How do you navigate organizational structures and governance to foster effective decision-making and collaboration within your team?
5. What role have you played in the strategic planning process for a healthcare marketing campaign, and how did the marketing principles support the organization's goals?
6. What ways do you leverage information management systems to support data-driven decisions and enhance patient care?
7. What approaches do you take to manage risks, ensuring a balance between patient safety and organizational performance, and can you provide an example of effective risk mitigation?
8. How do you assess and improve quality within your organization, specifically aiming to enhance patient care or operational performance?
9. What steps do you take to prioritize patient safety within your role, ensuring positive outcomes and contributing to organizational success?
Submission Details:
Submit a written reflection (2-4 pages) Microsoft Word document, Arial, 12 Font. Include specific examples from your own leadership experiences. Cite sources in APA format.
Module 8: Final Report and Presentation
Purpose of Assignment:
In this two-part final assignment, you will have the opportunity to deeply reflect on your leadership journey and articulate a clear vision for your future leadership role in healthcare. You will identify and highlight your key leadership strengths, areas for growth, and develop a detailed, actionable plan focused on fostering inclusivity and equity in healthcare environments. Through this process, you will assess and reflect on your leadership knowledge, style, and skills gained throughout the course, while also formulating strategies to address pressing challenges such as healthcare disparities, crisis management, and effective communication. Ultimately, this assignment will provide a comprehensive blueprint for how you will lead in a way that promotes positive change and equitable patient care in the evolving healthcare landscape.
Steps to Complete Assignment:
Part 1- Final Report
Create final report addressing the following:
1. Introduction
· Briefly outline the purpose of the report.
· Summarize key themes explored throughout the course.
2. Leadership Style and Development
· Analyze your personal leadership style using evidence-based frameworks (e.g., transformational, servant leadership).
· Reflect on your growth, key strengths, and areas for improvement from the beginning to the end of the course.
· Discuss how the Clifton Strengths and ACHE self-assessments have influenced your perspective on the role of leadership in healthcare.
3. Addressing Race and Gender in Healthcare Leadership
· Evaluate the role of race and gender in healthcare disparities and inequities.
· Identify strategies to address systemic biases within teams and patient care.
· Provide an actionable plan to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in healthcare settings.
4. Communication Strategies for Leadership
· Discuss the importance of effective communication with internal and external stakeholders (e.g., team members, patients, community leaders).
· Outline specific techniques to foster collaboration, build trust, and address conflicts in diverse teams.
5. Leading Through Crisis
· Propose strategies for leading a team during a healthcare crisis, ensuring equitable treatment and well-being for patients and staff.
· Include examples of best practices for crisis communication and decision-making under pressure.
6. Action Plan for Addressing Unequal Treatment in Patient Care
· Identify specific steps to address disparities in patient care.
· Explain how your leadership style and strategies will create a culture of accountability and inclusion.
7. Conclusion
· Recap the insights gained throughout the course.
· Articulate your commitment to fostering an equitable healthcare environment.
8. Cite sources using APA guidelines.
Part 2- Presentation
Create a narrated presentation (8-10 slides) of 3-5 minutes addressing the following:
1. Title Slide
· Include your name, course title, and assignment name.
2. Leadership Vision
· Present your leadership philosophy and goals.
· Highlight your long-term vision for equitable healthcare.
3. Strengths and Growth
· Provide a summary of your ACHE Competency self-assessment results.
· Summarize key strengths and areas for growth.
· Include specific examples from the course that influenced your development.
4. Addressing Race and Gender Disparities
· Present actionable strategies to tackle inequities.
· Use visual elements (e.g., infographs, charts, images) to illustrate your points.
5. Communication in Leadership
· Highlight communication techniques for engaging stakeholders.
· Provide examples of how you would approach a diverse team.
6. Crisis Leadership Strategies
· Share a framework for leading teams during crises.
· Include a real or hypothetical scenario for context.
7. Action Plan for Equitable Patient Care
· Outline your plan for improving healthcare outcomes.
· Emphasize how your leadership will advance accountability and fairness.
8. Personal Commitment and Closing
· Articulate your personal and professional commitment to leadership and inclusivity.
· Conclude with a call to action for taking leadership in advancing equity in patient care.
9. Cite sources using APA guidelines.
You may use Zoom or any other recording tool to record your narrated presentation.
Additionally, you have the option to create your presentation using MS PowerPoint, Google Slides, Canva, or another presentation tool of your choice.
Submission Details:
Submit a Word document (4-6 pages) formatted in 12-point Arial font, following APA guidelines for citing sources. Additionally, submit your recorded narrated presentation, ensuring that sources are cited in APA format within the presentation.
