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ELDERS ABUSE 5

Elder Abuse

Galdamez, Gerson, Zachary Gassoumis and Kathleen Wilber. 2020. “Using Latent Class Analysis to Identify Types of Elder Abuse: Multidisciplinary Team Interventions.” Innovation in Aging 4:48-48.

Galdamez, Gassoumis and Wilber analyzed the types of elder abuse using the latent class analysis procedure. This was in line with the Federal Government provisions. The authors identified that abuse of older adults is a multifaceted and complicated problem that is continuously devastating the existence of more senior people regardless of the laws that have been put in place to protect the elderly. In addition, the social service providers, legal officers, and medical teams are also overwhelmed by the abuse of the elderly. The authors used the Elder Abuse Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) criteria of identifying elder abuse known as the Elder Abuse Forensic Center (EAFC) model. This study interviewed 81 elder abuse MDT informers across America using instruments directed by the best recent EAFC model. In addition, the authors used the Latent Class Analysis to classify the MDT informant teams according to the EAFC characteristics. As a result, it was found that elder abuse falls into several MDT categories such as EAFC compliant category, Semi EAFC compliant category, and non-EAFC category. This study was essential to the advocates, professionals, and policymakers interested in forming MDT teams. They can draw insight from these findings to develop sustainable decisions about Elder Abuse Multidisciplinary Teams.

Makaroun, Lena K., Rachel L. Bachrach and Ann-Marie Rosland. 2020. “Elder Abuse in the Time of COVID-19—Increased Risks for Older Adults and Their Caregivers.” The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 28(8):876-880.

These three authors draw insight into the abuse older people have been experiencing during the Covid-19 pandemic. They also go-ahead to expand on how the pandemic has affected the caregivers and the caregiving context. In the United States, it is estimated that approximately one out of ten people above the age of sixty years’ experience elder abuse annually. These forms of abuse include psychological abuse, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, neglect by caregivers, or physical abuse. Unfortunately, most of these kinds of elder abuse are rarely detected and are often not reported. Some of the impacts of Covid-19 that these authors identified include those brought about by the social distancing; thus, they cannot leave their homes, leading to social isolation even among those who were previously connected. The low social interactions have led to the caregivers providing adequate care as people in public cannot detect it. With the economic instability experienced due to the pandemic, the older adults may not see their retirement savings or investments plummet, leading to financial instability, financial scams, and other forms of abuse. Those with chronic illnesses and abuse are likely to experience mental diseases making them more susceptible to abuse.

Yon, Yongjie, Maria Ramiro-Gonzalez, Christopher R Mikton, Manfred Huber and Dinesh Sethi. 2018. “The Prevalence of Elder Abuse in Institutional Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” European Journal of Public Health 29(1):58-67.

The authors analyzed the background of elder abuse which approximates that almost one in six older people go through abuse in older adults’ facilities annually. This study was done to carry out a systemic review and metanalysis of abuse of older adults in institutions for older adults’ communities and provide approximations to the occurrence of elder abuse within one year. The study was done by accessing fourteen databases and other online databases where studies on elder abuse were thoroughly searched. In addition, twenty-six experts in the area of elder abuse were contacted to ascertain other studies. The studies were reviewed, data extracted, and meta-analysis done. Staff and older adults from older residents were also interviewed separately. The authors found out that 64% of the staff acknowledged elder abuse throughout the past year. In addition, the older adults living in older residents’ facilities were found to experience higher rates of psychological abuse at 33.4%, followed by physical abuse at 14.1%, financial abuse at 13.8%, sexual abuse at 1.9%, and lastly, neglect at 11.6%. With this study, we learn that elder abuse in communities is very high, and global action is needed to improve the monitoring and surveillance of these institutions.

Yunus, Raudah Mohd, Noran Naqiah Hairi and Wan Yuen Choo. 2017. “Consequences of Elder Abuse and Neglect: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.” Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 20(2):197-213.

The authors systematically searched elder abuse and neglect from seven different electronic databases, three grey databases and contacted field experts on the issue. All these studies aimed to examine elder abuse as a risk attribute for high mortality, adverse health conditions, and poor healthcare utilization. From this study, the authors found out that there is a myriad of elder abuse and neglect outcomes, such as increased or inadequate consumption of healthcare and increased mortality rates due to various physical and psychological symptoms. It was found out that a higher risk of mortality is the most reliable outcome, and most of the morbidity originated from cross-sectional studies. From this study, it is clear that more minor studies are done on the older adults from the developing nations and the other non-western nations in the elder abuse studies. It is therefore vital to include different population-based studies in these underrepresented low and middle-income populations. The evidence from this study is also essential in formulating policies and upgrading elder care practices.

References

Galdamez, Gerson, Zachary Gassoumis and Kathleen Wilber. 2020. “Using Latent Class Analysis to Identify Types of Elder Abuse: Multidisciplinary Team Interventions.” Innovation in Aging 4:48-48.

Yunus, Raudah Mohd, Noran Naqiah Hairi and Wan Yuen Choo. 2017. “Consequences of Elder Abuse and Neglect: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.” Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 20(2):197-213.