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Egyptian_Civilization.pptChapter 2, Section
Chapter 2
First Civilizations:
Africa and Asia
(3200 B.C.–500 B.C.)
World History: Connection to Today
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Chapter 2, Section
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
- How did geography influence ancient Egypt?
- What were the main features and achievements of Egypt’s three kingdoms?
- How did trade and warfare affect Egypt and Nubia?
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Chapter 2, Section
The Egyptian Empire About 1450 B.C.
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Chapter 2, Section
“Egypt is wholly the gift of the Nile.” – Herodotus
People settled and established farming villages along the Nile.
Egyptians depended on annual floods to soak the land and deposit a layer of silt, or rich soil.
Egyptians had to cooperate to control the Nile, building dikes, reservoirs, and irrigation ditches.
Rulers used the Nile to link and unite Upper and Lower Egypt.
The Nile served as a trade route connecting Egypt to Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean world.
Geography of the Ancient Nile Valley
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Chapter 2, Section
- The Nile floods so important to the Egyptians because the floodwaters deposited silt, which made the land rich for farming.
- One of the main achievements of the Middle Kingdom was that during that time the Egyptians drained land for farming.
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Chapter 2, Section
Powerful pharaohs created a large empire
that reached the Euphrates River.
Hatshepsut
encouraged trade.
Ramses II expanded Egyptian rule to Syria.
Egyptian power
declined.
Large drainage project created arable farmland.
Traders had contacts with Middle East and Crete.
Corruption and
rebellions were
common.
Hyksos invaded and occupied the delta
region.
Pharaohs organized a strong central state, were absolute rulers, and were considered gods.
Egyptians built pyramids at Giza.
Power struggles, crop failures, and cost of pyramids contributed to the collapse of the Old Kingdom.
NEW KINGDOM
MIDDLE
KINGDOM
OLD KINGDOM
Three Kingdoms of Ancient Egypt
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Chapter 2, Section
Egypt and Nubia
For centuries, Egypt traded or fought with Nubia.
During the New Kingdom, Egypt conquered Nubia.
- Nubians served in Egyptian armies and influenced Egyptian culture.
- Egyptian art from this period shows Nubian soldiers, musicians, or prisoners.
When Egypt declined, Nubia conquered Egypt.
- Nubians did not see themselves as conquerors. They respected Egyptian traditions.
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Chapter 2, Section
Egyptian Civilization
- How did religious beliefs shape the lives of Egyptians?
- How was Egyptian society organized?
- What advances did Egyptians make in learning and the arts?
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Egyptian Religious Beliefs
- Belief that many gods and goddesses ruled the world and the afterlife. Amon-Re was the sun god. Osiris was the god of the underworld and of the Nile. The pharaoh was believed to be a god as well as a monarch.
- Belief in eternal life after death. Relied on the Book of the Dead to help them through the afterworld. Practiced mummification, the preservation of the body for use in the next life.
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Statues, paintings, and writings tell
us about ancient Egyptian values
and attitudes.
Developed painting style that
remained unchanged for thousands
of years.
Wrote hymns and prayers to the
gods, proverbs, love poems, stories
of victory in battle, and folk tales.
Built pyramids and other great
buildings, such as temple of
Ramses II.
Developed a form of picture writing called hieroglyphics.
Doctors diagnosed and cured
illnesses, performed surgery, and developed medicines still used
today.
Developed 12-month calendar on
which modern calendar is based.
Astronomers mapped constellations
and charted movement of the
planets.
Developed practical geometry.
Skilled in design and engineering.
Advances in the Arts
Advances in Learning
Ancient Egypt: A Center of Learning & Culture
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HIGH PRIESTS AND PRIESTESSES
Served gods and goddesses
PHARAOH
Earthly leader; considered a god
NOBLES
Fought pharaoh’s wars
MERCHANTS, SCRIBES, AND ARTISANS
Made furniture, jewelry, and fabrics for
pharaohs and nobles, and provided for other needs
PEASANT FARMERS AND SLAVES
Worked in the fields and served the pharaoh
Class System in Ancient Egypt
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Chapter 2, Section
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Section 2 Assessment
to survey the land
to survey the land
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