Psychology: Dissertation Chapter 3

iabepdadm

EDITSDadaJ.ProposalChapter39-11-20MethodologySeymourcomments.docx

Home >Psychology homework help >Psychology: Dissertation Chapter 3

Factors Influencing Individuals' Decision to Utilize Mental Health in South Texas

Submitted by

James Dada

A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

Doctor of Philosophy

Grand Canyon University

Phoenix, Arizona

Chapter 3: Methodology

Introduction

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study is to examine how mental health providers describe the factors influencing individuals' decision to utilize or reject mental health services in South Texas. The mental health providers will be asked for strategies to encourage patients to accept and to not reject treatment at the start of treatment and when continuing treatment. The study will employ a qualitative study that will target mental health providers within Southern Texas and document factors impacting utilization and non-utilization of mental services available in the State. Comment by Dr. Seymour: Hello James, We are getting much closer to the methodologist review. We have some edits to do here. We should Zoom sometime soon to talk about transcripts, limitations, Interview and Focus Group Protocols, and Informed Consent documents. You should use the research questions as an outline in the Appendix to guide writing 1-2 questions for each research question for your interview. And four focus group questions for discussion. Then we can Zoom. We can review them and work on them until we get a good idea. These will be improved several times until we are ready to collect data. Wishing you wellness, Dr. Seymour

Mental health is a serious issue in South Texas. There was a high need for this research in South Texas. One reason is because this region receives the second-largest allocation of governmental funds for mental health in the United States (Mista et al., 2017). The large allocation is because there is a documented high need for mental health services in South Texas (Kohn, et al., 2018). This means that there are significant funds available, and therefore greater possibility for people to accept or reject mental health treatment. Texas (2017) asserts that people suffering from mental illness still face problems despite the huge costs that are directed towards healthcare. Understanding why people use or reject this available mental health may help policymakers to successfully market mental health treatment and get people the services they need (Kohn, et al., 2018). Another reason is that mental health services in this southern state have faced several population growths challenges. Schwartz (2017), in support of the Southern State Region, argues that the increased growth-rate of populations in one specific county located in a southern state has impacted the health sector at large. The high population together with economic constrains has led to a decrease in the number of health insurance policies. The access to and utilization of mental health care for the populations living in this county has created a gap within the State (Children at Risk, 2013).

Given the above noted societal needs documented in the world, the nation, and the region of South Texas (Mista et al., 2017), this study will examine the gap: there is a need to understand why people choose to utilize or reject mental health services (Lund, et al., 2018). The successful use of mental health treatment has been called social inclusion. This is also recommended by Hall, Kakuma, Palmer, Minas, Martins, & Kermode, (2019), stated that, promoting social inclusion of people with mental illness is consequently a key goal of human rights and global mental health programming to achieve people-centered mental health care, and interventions to promote social inclusion aim to minimize the impact of attitudinal, structural and behavioral drivers of social exclusion. There is good evidence that supported employment programs for people with mental illness and interventions to reduce mental health stigma (e.g. mental health education, direct contact with people with mental illness) are effective in high income countries (Hall, et al., 2019. p. 20 - 22).

This chapter will be organized into the following sections: research methodology, research design and research population, instrumentation and sources of data, data analysis, and ethical considerations and limitations of the methodology. The research methodology will detail the approach that the study is utilizing. The research design covers the structure of the research. The research population details the population that will be involved in the study. On the other hand, the ethical considerations section holds all the ethical concerns that were addressed in the conducting of the research. The last section, the limitation and de-limitations contains all the information on the limitations of the study with special emphasis being placed on the research methodology.

Criterion *(Score = 0, 1, 2, or 3)	Learner Score	Chair Score	Methodologist Score	Content Expert Score
CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION (Minimum two to three paragraphs)
The introduction restates the purpose statement to the study. This section also outlines the expectations for this chapter.	2	2		X
Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.	2	2		X
*Score each requirement listed in the criteria table using the following scale: 0 = Item Not Present or Unacceptable. Substantial Revisions are Required. 1 = Item is Present. Does Not Meet Expectations. Revisions are Required. 2 = Item is Acceptable. Meets Expectations. Some Revisions May be Suggested or Required. 3 = Item Exceeds Expectations. No Revisions are Required.
Reviewer Comments:

Statement of the Problem

The problem this study seeks to address is that it is not known how mental health providers describe the factors influencing individuals’ decisions to utilize or reject mental health services. Without an understanding of what the reasons are for use or rejection, it is unlikely that successful interventions can occur that would enable more people to utilize mental health services among the minority population of Hispanic-Americans, African-Americans and the Asian-American families.

Economic data from city shares that 68% of Hispanics face economic challenges due to limited level of education that limits them to acquire job opportunities contributing to most of them living in a low average income (Herzog et al., 2016). Statistics show that African and Hispanic-Americans minorities are traditionally known to have poorer access to primary care than the Caucasian-Americans (SAMHSA, 2018). While the pattern changed a little due to the Affordable Care Act (ACA), yet, the disparity is still high. The Hispanics low income level and occupational characteristics are associated to low rates of health insurance cover. According to research by the Texas 2018 Mental Health National Outcome Measures (NOMS): SAMHSA Uniform Reporting System, 21.6% of African Americans in South Texas lack healthcare insurance, while the Hispanic or Latino population’s access stands at 26.3%, the reason is directed to low income levels due to their occupational characteristics (SAMHSA, 2018), (Printz, 2015).

Asian-Americans are considered under-represented in key government and representation positions contribution to poor access to healthcare. Only 0.8% of Asian Americans access have healthcare insurance that helps them access medical care services including mental health (SAMHSA, 2018), (Gor et al., 2019). The demographic characteristics of persons served by the State Mental Health Authority indicates as follows:

Uninsured Population, Race and Ethnicity	Overall Rates of Uninsured, %
American Indian or Alaska Native	0.3%
Asian	0.8%
Black or African American	21.6%
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander	0.1%
White	72.8%
Hispanic or Latino	26.3%

Source: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/cbhsq-reports/Texas-2018.pdf

The importance of addressing this problem is because people’s mental health depends on their use or rejection of mental health treatment. Knowing the positive reasons that people take advantage of services may help bring additional people in need in contact with services. Knowing the barriers may lead to policies or programs that can overcome the barriers. Lack of mental health treatment has dire implications in South Texas include lost productivity, unemployment, job absenteeism, and lack of involvement in the community (Mental Health Workforce in Texas, 2016). This is of particular importance in South Texas because of a lack of sufficient mental health professionals to meet the need. Experts in the region state that insufficient local mental healthcare professionals are contributing factors to the hardships being experienced by the police and medical resources, which puts the public safety at risk. Physicians believe that the number of mental health patients are increasing with time more that the current status and attain the level of national epidemic (Albert, 2019). There is trend that as the number of people in need of mental healthcare services keeps increasing, and a number of people qualified to provide help keeps declining (Scripps Media, 2020).

Chang & Biegel, (2018) suggested that more studies needed to be conducted to establish how policies could be used to address the financial barriers to the utilization of mental health services in the United States. Most of studies that were conducted on the utilization of mental health used quantitative approaches. As a result, they were unable to explain all the relationships and themes associated with mental health utilization in the United States. Westermair et al., (2018) noted that the studies that have been carried out on the mental health utilization have been have not yielded substantial results. Based on this gap, the study aimed to determine the factors influencing individual’s decisions to seek mental health services.

Criterion *(Score = 0, 1, 2, or 3)	Learner Score	Chair Score	Methodologist Score	Content Expert Score
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM (Minimum one to two paragraphs)
The research problem (Problem Statement) is restated for the convenience of the reader from Chapter 1.	2	0		X
Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.	2			X
*Score each requirement listed in the criteria table using the following scale: 0 = Item Not Present or Unacceptable. Substantial Revisions are Required. 1 = Item is Present. Does Not Meet Expectations. Revisions are Required. 2 = Item is Acceptable. Meets Expectations. Some Revisions May be Suggested or Required. 3 = Item Exceeds Expectations. No Revisions are Required.
Reviewer Comments:

Research Questions

The phenomena of interest in this study is the reasons why people who have access to mental health services either accept or reject those services, and practitioners’ strategies for promoting acceptance of mental health services. The study sought to fill this gap in existing literature by reviewing the factors that influence the utilization of mental health among people living in South Texas.

The following research questions helped to guide the qualitative study:

Given that the patients have access to mental health services for all of the following questions:

· RQ1: What do mental health providers identify as reasons patients use mental health services?

· RQ 2: What strategies do mental health providers have to encourage patients to begin using mental health services?

· RQ 3: What strategies do mental health providers have to encourage patients to continue using mental health services?

· RQ4: What do mental health providers identify as reasons patients reject mental health services?

· RQ 5: What strategies do mental health providers have to address when patients reject beginning to use mental health services?

· RQ 6: What strategies do mental health providers have to address patients who reject to continue using mental health services?

The data collection methods will be qualitative method. The data collection instrument will be protocols for the Interviews and focus groups. The interview protocols will be open ended questions aligned to the research questions. There will be approximately ten. The focus group protocol will be 4-6 open ended discussion questions that ask the participants to share and discuss their experiences with one another. The sources of the data will be mental health care providers and the transcripts from their interviews and focus groups.

Criterion *(Score = 0, 1, 2, or 3)	Learner Score	Chair Score	Methodologist Score	Content Expert Score
RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND/OR HYPOTHESES (Minimum one to two pages)
Qualitative Studies: Restates the research questions and the phenomena for the study from Chapter 1. Quantitative Studies: Describes the variables, at the conceptual, operational and measurement levels, then restates the research questions from Chapter 1, and presents the matching hypotheses.	2	2		X
Describes the nature and sources of necessary data to answer the research questions (primary versus secondary data, specific people, institutional archives, Internet open sources, etc.). Quantitative Studies: Describes the data collection methods, instrument(s) or data source(s) to collect the data for each variable. Qualitative Studies : Describes the data collection methods, instruments, and/or data sources to collect the data to answer each research question.	2	2		X
Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.	2	2		X
*Score each requirement listed in the criteria table using the following scale: 0 = Item Not Present or Unacceptable. Substantial Revisions are Required. 1 = Item is Present. Does Not Meet Expectations. Revisions are Required. 2 = Item is Acceptable. Meets Expectations. Some Revisions May be Suggested or Required. 3 = Item Exceeds Expectations. No Revisions are Required.
Reviewer Comments:

Research Methodology

The research methodology chosen for this study is qualitative. Qualitative research involves the collection and the analysis of non-numerical data for the purposes of understanding experiences, concepts and opinions (Mohajan, 2018). The method is useful as it helps in the gathering of in-depth insights into challenges or problems as wells as helps in the generation of new ideas for research. Comment by Dr. Seymour: This section needs references and could use a little more information about qual from those references. Comment by Dr. Seymour: Not done yet

Qualitative research is useful for studying this topic because other studies have found it to be useful. For example, Krotofil, McPherson & Killaspy, (2018), Carlsson, Blomqvist & Jormfeldt (2017), Yamamoto & Keogh, (2018) and Doyle, Quayle & Newman, (2017) depict how the qualitative methodology is an effect research methodology more so when further explanation of research phenomenon on mental health is in question.

Most previous studies that sought to determine the factors affecting health seeking behaviors among people experiencing mental conditions used quantitative research methodology. As a result, the findings of those studies did not explain important relationships and those associated with mental health utilization (Kapadia et al., 2017). Such studies focused extensively on the numerical and statistical elements of the study overseeing important relationships. As a result, this study will use a qualitative methodology to unearth the underlying relationships and themes that have not been studies before. The aim of the research is to determine factors that influence individual’s decisions to seek mental health services.

A quantitative methodology will not be the most appropriate approach to this study. The findings of a quantitative study may be generalized as information is drawn from random sources (Rahman, 2017). On the other hand, the findings of qualitative research can be generalized as they are drawn from specific sources. In addition, researchers using the quantitative approach operate under assumptions and as a result the information obtained may be biased. On the other hand, qualitative research has little assumption to nil assumption. Quantitative studies are carried out in unnatural environments that make the respondents uncomfortable and therefore cannot provide the appropriate information (Savela, 2018). As a result, these limitations make quantitative methodology inappropriate for the present study.

Criterion *(Score = 0, 1, 2, or 3)	Learner Score	Chair Score	Methodologist Score	Content Expert Score
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Minimum one to two pages)
Provides a rationale for the research methodology for the study (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed) based on research books and articles.	2	1.5		X
Provides a rationale for the selected the methodology based on empirical studies on the topic.	2	2
Justifies why the methodology was selected as opposed to alternative methodologies.	2	2
Uses authoritative source(s) to justify the selected methodology. *Note:* Do not use introductory research textbooks (such as Creswell) to justify the research design and data analysis approach.		1.5		X
Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.	2	2		X
*Score each requirement listed in the criteria table using the following scale: 0 = Item Not Present or Unacceptable. Substantial Revisions are Required. 1 = Item is Present. Does Not Meet Expectations. Revisions are Required. 2 = Item is Acceptable. Meets Expectations. Some Revisions May be Suggested or Required. 3 = Item Exceeds Expectations. No Revisions are Required.
Reviewer Comments:

Research Design

A qualitative descriptive research design was selected to be used in this study despite effectiveness of several other approaches. Qualitative descriptive is the most appropriate design for this study because according to Kim et al (2017), qualitative-descriptive research is descriptive and helps in describing a natural phenomenon. The natural phenomenon in this case is people rejecting or accepting mental health support. The research design will help to gather information as to why people reject or accept mental health support.

According to McCombes. (2019), a qualitative descriptive approach accurately and systematically describes a population, event or phenomenon. McCombs emphasizes that a qualitative descriptive study is a study that is focused on not only the questioning of phenomena but also in the scrutinizing and the articulating of phenomena at the onset. Accordingly, McCombs also states that the main aim of the design is to assess and scrutinize phenomena in depth based on the theory developed for the phenomena. It answers the what, when, where, when and how questions, but not why questions.

Kim, Sefcik, & Bradway (2017), stated that the characteristics of qualitative descriptive approach is consistent with flexibility and has various methods that are effective for obtaining rich data and achieving understanding of a phenomenon. QD was also identified as important and appropriate for research questions that are focused on how to discover the who, what, and where of events or participants’ experiences, which is helpful at gaining insights from participants about a poorly known phenomenon. This is a justification for how the approach was chosen and why it would be an appropriate fit for this particular study at producing useful findings (Kim, Sefcik, & Bradway, 2017).

According to Bradshaw, Atkinson, & Doody (2017), qualitative descriptive designs are particularly relevant where and when information is required directly from individuals experiencing the phenomenon that is being investigated, especially when time is of essence and resources are also limited. In this study, time does not permit me to develop an exhaustive comprehension of qualitative methodological approaches; therefore, it fits into my schedule. Furthermore, the authors states that qualitative descriptive research method is a suitable choice when a researcher is seeking or desires a straight description of a phenomenon. As I seek information from a focus group, QD will be helpful at developing a systematic approach through the philosophical perspectives of the participants, which evidences the purpose of qualitative description research (Bradshaw, Atkinson, & Doody, 2017).

Similarly, Colorafi, & Evans, (2016), also sides with other researchers in stating that qualitative descriptive designs aim at providing accurate description of an event or phenomenon and the states how the significance of a subject applies to the event or phenomenon. Additionally, it is less time-consuming than other qualitative methods. It requires effective planning that involves giving attention to sampling, data collection, and data analysis. Furthermore, the authors indicated that qualitative descriptive design is appropriate when an uncomplicated description is desired that focuses on the details of what, where, when, and why of an event or experience. This is appropriate for my research because it provides a descriptive approach of everyday results of mental health providers and caregivers encounter with mental health patients a factual language that facilitates understanding of this phenomenon (Colorafi, & Evans, 2016).

Other qualitative research designs including phenomenology, case studies, ethnography and grounded theory were considered for the study but rejected because they could not help the researcher achieve the objectives of the study. Grounded theory was rejected on the basis that its subjectivity would lead to difficulties in determining validity and reliability of information and approaches (Nelson, Kielhofner& Taylor, 2017), the manner in which results obtained in studies conducted using grounded theory are presented makes it difficult for the new knowledge to be absorbed and put into practice (Grove, 2019). Since this study aims to increase knowledge in mental health utilization, this approach was inappropriate.

Another research design considered in this study was ethnographic studies but rejected as they only focus on cultural characteristics of the focus group. According to Bearman, (2019), ethnography aims to understand the cultural influences impacting the situation. That is not an objective in this study. In order to facilitate a full and honest discourse, this approach requires researchers to build trust with the respondents. This be time consuming and introduce bias in the study if the research does not take considerable time building relationships with the participants. This was not possible for the scope of this research project, nor desirable as the goal is not to understand the cultural influences on mental health support use or rejection.

Phenomenology research design was also considered for this study but rejected on the basis that its establishment of validity and reliability is challenging and for that reason making subjective research is hard (Stratford & Bradshaw, 2016). Phenomenology research was ruled out as it is impossible to get a proper explanation as to why individuals reject or accept mental health services.

Criterion *(Score = 0, 1, 2, or 3)	Learner Score	Chair Score	Methodologist Score	Content ExpertScore
RESEARCH DESIGN (Minimum one to two pages)
Elaborates on the research design from Chapter 1. Provides the rationale for selecting the research design supported by empirical references. Justifies why the design was selected as the best approach to collect the needed data, as opposed to alternative designs.	2	2		X
Quantitative Studies: Provides the variable structure and states the unit of analysis. and unit of observation. If multiple data sources have different units of observation, specify the key variable for matching cases. Qualitative Studies: Provides the unit of analysisand the unit of observation. If multiple data sources have different units of observation, specify the matching cases. In qualitative study designs the units of analysis (or observation) are each sample participant. In case study design (single or multiple), the unit of analysis is a “bounded system” in its own right. This could include one individual, one family, one group, one community, one school, one policy, one region, one state, one country, etc. The sample may include several participants, but these must be members of a homogeneous unit representing the “bounded system” that is the case study unit.	2	2
Uses authoritative source(s) to justify the design. *Note:* Do not use introductory research textbooks (such as Creswell) to justify the research design and data analysis approach.	2	2		X
Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.	2	2		X
*Score each requirement listed in the criteria table using the following scale: 0 = Item Not Present or Unacceptable. Substantial Revisions are Required. 1 = Item is Present. Does Not Meet Expectations. Revisions are Required. 2 = Item is Acceptable. Meets Expectations. Some Revisions May be Suggested or Required. 3 = Item Exceeds Expectations. No Revisions are Required.
Reviewer Comments:

Population and Sample Selection

The overall population from which the participants come are the mental health providers such as psychiatrists and therapists. In the United States there are approximately 667,000 mental health professionals and majority of them are aged between 27 and 50 years (Grohol, 2019). Due to the rising number of mental health cases, the number of professionals seems challenged to meet mental health needs.

The target population was purposively selected to include mental health providers from South Texas due to convenience and interest in this specific location given current statistics on mental health use. After surveying the counseling and psychiatrist offices in South Texas, 12 offices were selected to recruit participants. The reasons why these 12 were included in the recruitment pool are: to deal with recruitment in one of the biggest states in the country, to ensure that as many respondents that fit the participant qualifications are collected and also to ensure that the respondents collected offer a representation of the state’s population. In addition, there is a minimum of 125 employees working in the least of the offices.

The actual study sample will include 15-20 psychiatrists and counselors from 12 mental health institutions in the United States. The researcher will send emails to the chief executive officers of the 12 mental health institutions identified for the study requesting permission to conduct research in their organizations. The confidentiality measures will be described as not collecting the names of the participants and using pseudonyms for them in all documents including transcripts, data analysis, and reporting. The data will be safeguarded in password protected files and a backup USB drive to protect the information. The study participation requirements will be listed as people who feel or think about mental health including its utilization and people who have certain things in common (nurses, therapists, psychiatrists, patients, hospital staffers, mental health technicians and observers) these are the kind of people that can provide me with the information that I am looking for.

The geographic location for the interview will be Zoom interviews. The participants will be recruited by having the human resources department or secretary of the mental health institution forward an email from the researcher that describes the study, asks for participation, defines the $25 stipend Amazon e-card, and includes the informed consent document.

The sample will meet the requirements for qualitative descriptive from GCU in that 20 people will be recruited with a minimum number of 10 participants in the final study. The data collected from the interviews must consist of five pages of single-spaced pure data. If the minimum sample size of 10 is not met at the 12 institutions, there are 10 additional institutions in South Texas that recruitment can be expanded to.

The strategies to account for attrition include expanding to 10 additional sites available, but the potential sample is already very large with a minimum of 100 at each of the 12 sites. The sample will meet the requirements for qualitative descriptive from GCU in that 20 people will be recruited with a minimum number of 10 participants in the final study. The data collected from the interviews must consist of five pages of single-spaced pure data. If the minimum sample size of 10 is not met at the 12 institutions, there are 10 additional institutions in South Texas that recruitment can be expanded to.

This study will use a combination of purposive and convenience sampling. The convenience is that these locations are nearby. The purposive is that they are mental health providers who work with clients who have access to mental health care and choose to accept or reject it. The criteria for selecting the participants will include: Individuals that directly deal with mentally ill individuals, individuals with over 5 years’ experience in mental health in the public sector. These will be included in the initial recruitment email and asked over the phone before the participant is accepted into the study.

Criterion *(Score = 0, 1, 2, or 3)	Learner Score	Chair Score	Methodologist Score	Content Expert Score
POPULATION AND SAMPLE SELECTION (Minimum one to two pages)
Describes: The population of interest (The group to which the results of the study will be generalized or applicable) (such as police officers in AZ), The target population from which the sample is selected(such as police officers in AZ who belong to the police fraternal association). The study sample (individuals drawn from target population who provide final source of data) (final number from whom complete data were collected).	2	2		X
Site Authorization and Recruitment Describes the process for obtaining site authorization to access the target population. Describes the site authorization process (what needs to be included in request) confidentiality measures, study participation requirements, and geographic specifics. If public data sources or social media are used to collect data, although site permission is not required, provide arguments and evidence as to why these sources can be used without site permission. Describes the sampling strategy and process forrecruiting individuals to comprise the sample.	2	2
Quantitative Sample Size Requirements Describes the expected study sample and the proposed andrationale: An a priorior equivalent analysis and/or post hoc Power Analysis is required to justify the study sample size based on the anticipated effect size and selected design. Certain procedures are applicable for small samples. Those situations must be justified through computation or literature. Justification is based on the selected design and statistical procedures. *GPower or equivalent computation is required.** G*Power software can be downloaded from the link presented below http://www.gpower.hhu.de/en.html using an alpha error of 0.05, a medium effect size and statistical power of 0.80 for each statistical analysis that is proposed.”	2	2		X
For proposals, this section discusses a priori computation and for dissertation, this section discusses both a priori and post hoc computation of statistical power based on actual sample size obtained through data collection. Screenshots of the computation for each statistical test (proposals – a priori and dissertation – a priori and post hoc) should be included in the Appendix When calculating the expected return rate for questionnaires and surveys, assume the return rate is 5-10% when no incentives are provided and 15-20% when incentives are provided. Attrition: When doing repeated measures studies in an experiment, learners should consider probable loss to attrition. Qualitative Sample Size Requirements: The sample size should be stated for each form of data collection including interviews, observations, questionnaires, documents, artifacts, visual data such as drawings and photographs, etc. Case Study: Guideline: A minimum of 10 participants or cases in the final sample for interviews. Learners should pursue a minimum 20 individuals to recruit to account for attrition; minimum of three sources of data; must demonstrate triangulation of the data across two sources for each RQ. Case study interviews may include closed-ended questions with a dominance of open-ended questions; should be no less than 30 minutes; no less than five pages of participant responses/speech in the transcribed dataper interview, single spaced, 12 pt. Times New Roman.A minimum of 50 questionnaires if the questionnaires will be used for thematic analysis. The size for other sources (e.g., number of documents or artifacts, observations, etc. should also be identified. Phenomenology : Guideline: Minimum of 8 interviews. Learners should pursue 12 individuals to interview to account for attrition. Interviews should be 60-90 minutes. There should be no less than 12pages of transcribed data, single spaced, 12 pt. Times New Roman, per interview. Interview questions must be open-ended. Descriptive: Guideline: A minimum of 10 participants in the final sample. Learners should pursue a minimum 20 individuals to recruit; 2 sources of data; no less than 5 pages of transcribed data, single spaced, 12 pt. Times New Roman, per interview. Narrative: Purpose is a collection of stories around a phenomenon. Protocol offers questions that get the participant to tell their personal story regarding a phenomenon including the roles of stakeholders. Guideline: Minimum of 8 interviews. Learners should pursue 12 participants to account for attrition. Interviews should be 60-90 minutes. There should be no less than 12 pages of transcribed data, single spaced, 12 pt. Times New Roman, per interview. Interview questions must be open-ended. Note: A key criterion for selecting a sample size for a narrative study is to elicit long, in-depth of stories about the phenomenon which may be hours long. Grounded Theory: Grounded theory studies yield a theory or model. Usually two rounds of data collection with interim analysis. Minimum of 50pages of transcribed data from interviews, open-ended questionnaires, or other data sources. Transcripts are 12point font and single spaced. Studies typically have a minimum of 10-30 interviews (45-60 minutes in length) and/or40-60 open-ended questionnaires. Interview questions must be open-ended. Questionnaires or Surveys: If used in the study the minimum number should be 40. This data collection method can be used in different qualitative designs.	2	2
Strategies to account for attrition: Students should consider the anticipated sample size will not be reached, so must provide a justification or alternative plan for the study (expanding time frame, expanding target population, changing design to bring down sample size needed, or adding an additional data collection approach, adjust an analysis).	2	2
Defines and describes the sampling procedures (such as convenience, purposive, snowball, random, etc.) supported by scholarly research sources. Includes discussion of sample selection, and assignment to groups (if applicable), and strategies to account for participant attrition. For a purposive sample identify the screening criteria and device for screening the participants (egg: demographic questionnaire, expert knowledge of topic, screening questions such as years of experience in a position).	2	2		X
Describes the study sample size. Provides evidence (based on the empirical research) literature that sample size is adequate for the research design and meets GCU required sample size requirements (listed in criteria below).	2	2
Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.	2	2		X
*Score each requirement listed in the criteria table using the following scale: 0 = Item Not Present or Unacceptable. Substantial Revisions are Required. 1 = Item is Present. Does Not Meet Expectations. Revisions are Required. 2 = Item is Acceptable. Meets Expectations. Some Revisions May be Suggested or Required. 3 = Item Exceeds Expectations. No Revisions are Required.
Reviewer Comments:

Research Materials, Instrumentation OR Sources of Data Comment by Dr. Seymour: You are not following the rubric in this section and there is a lot of details that are inappropriate to your study that we need to DISCUSS.

This study will use two semi-structured interview protocols: one for Zoom interviews with individual participants and the other for Zoom focus groups with a group of 6 participants. The interview questions will be semi-structured open ended questions that will be followed with prompts such as, “Can you give me a specific example of that?” The focus groups will be shorter prompt intended to start discussions between the participants such as, “Can you share and compare your strategies for encouraging clients to continue therapy?”

The first interview protocol (Appendix XX) and focus group protocol (Appendix XX) will both include questions aligned to the research questions. For example,

· RQ1: What do mental health providers identify as reasons patients use mental health services?

· RQ 2: What strategies do mental health providers have to encourage patients to begin using mental health services?

· RQ 3: What strategies do mental health providers have to encourage patients to continue using mental health services?

· RQ4: What do mental health providers identify as reasons patients reject mental health services?

· RQ 5: What strategies do mental health providers have to address when patients reject beginning to use mental health services?

RQ 6: What strategies do mental health providers have to address patients who reject to continue using mental health services?

Numerous studies have also used interviews as an instrument of research. Interviews involve soliciting information verbally from research subjects. Burino, Awan & Lanjwani, (2017) argued that interview produce high response rate. In addition, the interaction between the researchers and the respondents allows the researcher to explain confusing questions. It is also representative of the entire study population and therefore results can be generalized. However, one of the drawbacks associated with this instrument is that interviewer’s bias. According to Matarazzo & Wiens, 2017), the amount of data collected through interview is less as compared to questionnaires. It is also difficult to access wealth respondents as a result of trust issues.

Teich et al., (2017) utilized interviews to examine the utilization of mental health services among older people in rural areas. Interviews were also used in another study aiming to determine the burden of family care giving for people suffering from mental illnesses in the United States. This approach helped the researcher to explain confusing questions to the respondents hence achieving a high response rate (Hopps et al., 2017). Another study aiming to access, and utilization of mental health used interview to collect data from respondents (Kwan et al., 2019). The researcher was able to interview many people who represented the entire population.

Platt, Wolf & Scheitle, (2018) used interviews to collect data in a study that aimed to examine patterns of utilizing mental healthcare services among minority groups in the United States. Westermair et al., (2018) also utilized interviews to determine treatment patterns and mental health care utilization. In this study, 514 patients were interviewed to provide information about the utilization of mental health (Westermair et al., 2018). In this study, the researchers found out that younger age and depressive disorders were associated with higher health utilization rates (Westermair et al., 2018). The researchers suggest further research involving representative samples highlighting the limitation of interviews.

Criterion *(Score = 0, 1, 2, or 3)	Learner Score	Chair Score	Methodologist Score	Content Expert Score
RESEARCH MATERIALS, INSTRUMENTATION, OR SOURCES OF DATA (Minimum one to three pages)
Data Collection Instruments/Materials : Provides a detailed discussion of the instrumentation and/or materials for data collection which includes validity and reliability of the data. collection instrument or experiment. Includes citations from original publications by instrument developers (and subsequent users as appropriate) or related studies.		2		X
Data Collection Instruments/Materials: Describes the structure of each data collection instrument and data sources (tests, questionnaires, interviews, observations data bases, media, etc.). When using materials for an experiment, describes the structure of the experiment and the materials used for it. Specifies the type and level of data collected with each instrument.		2		X
Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.				X
*Score each requirement listed in the criteria table using the following scale: 0 = Item Not Present or Unacceptable. Substantial Revisions are Required. 1 = Item is Present. Does Not Meet Expectations. Revisions are Required. 2 = Item is Acceptable. Meets Expectations. Some Revisions May be Suggested or Required. 3 = Item Exceeds Expectations. No Revisions are Required.
Reviewer Comments:

Trustworthiness Comment by Dr. Seymour: Use the rubric exactly. It is very detailed.

Trustworthiness in research shows the extent to which the findings can be replicated (Maxwell, 2017). In other words, other researcher focusing on a particular topic should be able to replicate the findings of a study that is considered reliable. Findings must be consistent for various studies focusing on the same topic.

To build on the trustworthiness of qualitative studies, there are two main things that can be done. The first thing is getting an outside to review and examine the research process, preferably a credible individual. Whenever a third party is introduced to a research process the research has to be conducted in a manner that is simple enough for the third party to understand and to explain if there is a need. For the trustworthiness of the research, an outsider will be brought in. The third party must be a psychiatrist by profession, and they must have made research publication in the mental health industry.

The second way in which trustworthiness is built in qualitative research is through the recording of the research process. Recording allows other parties to examine whether the research was conducted correctly and offers an opportunity for the research to be replicated. To ensure trustworthiness in the study, the researchers will record all data collection and data analysis processes. All interviewers will be recorded after they consent to the process. Comment by Dr. Seymour: Here is an article to help you. Trustworthiness Article: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/452e/3393e3ecc34f913e8c49d8faf19b9f89b75d.pdf

credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability

Criterion *(Score = 0, 1, 2, or 3)	Learner Score	Chair Score	Methodologist Score	Content Expert Score
TRUSTWORTHINESS (for Qualitative Studies) Comment by Dr. Seymour: This is what you need to be writing about Trustworthiness is the term used to describe the elements that establish the credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability of the study. (Minimum two to four paragraphs or approximately one page)
Qualitative “validity” is composed of credibility and transferability. Strategies generally include rigorous techniques and methods, thick description, audit trails, evident methodological processes and procedures, well-defined coding, ample examples of quotes, and findings that clearly emerge from the data.
· Defines the concepts of credibility, transferability · Credibility: discusses how the study represents the participants’ experiences · Transferability: discusses how the study’s findings may be applicable to policy, practice, future research				X
· Describes the threats to the credibility and transferability of the study inherent in the study design, sampling strategy, data collection method/instruments, and data analysis · Addresses how these threats will be minimized				X
Qualitative “reliability” is composed of dependability and confirmability. Establishes consistency and repeatability of data collection through in-depth documented methodology; detailed interview/observation/data collection protocols and guides; creation of research data-base; and/or use of triangulation.
· Defines concepts of dependability and confirmability				X
· Dependability: discusses how the study documents research procedures				X
· Confirmability: discusses how the study could be confirmed or findings corroborated by others				X
· Describes the threats to dependability and confirmability of the study inherent in the study design, sampling strategy, data collection method/instruments, and data analysis · Addresses how these threats will be minimized				X
Appendices must include copies of instruments, materials, qualitative data collection protocols, codebook(s), and permission letters from instrument authors (for validated instruments, surveys, interview guides, etc.)				X
Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.				X
*Score each requirement listed in the criteria table using the following scale: 0 = Item Not Present or Unacceptable. Substantial Revisions are Required. 1 = Item is Present. Does Not Meet Expectations. Revisions are Required. 2 = Item is Acceptable. Meets Expectations. Some Revisions May be Suggested or Required. 3 = Item Exceeds Expectations. No Revisions are Required.
Reviewer Comments:

Data Collection and Management

The data collection process will begin by writing a letter to the dean requesting for permission to conduct the research. The proposal for the research will then be presented to the Institutional review board (IRB) for approval. The IRB will approve the study and the researchers will recruit the participants to take part in the study. The sample population for this study will include service providers, psychiatrists, therapists, school counselors and members of the community. The participants will be required to fill consent forms before the study begins. The consent form is important to show that the participants understand the risks associated with the study.

Recruitment Comment by Dr. Seymour: This is not an APA heading—I fiiixed it https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/apa_headings_and_seriation.html

For the recruitment of the participants of the study, I will have the secretary forward an email from me to all the participants. The email will highlight what the study is about and the role that they will be playing in the study. Once the identified parties have consented to the study, the researcher will communicate over email or phone with the sample group and allocate everyone a specified time that they will be interviewed.

The data will be collected by interviewing 6-8 respondents that are members of focus groups from 12 mental health organizations within South Texas. The interviews will involve 15-20 respondents from the selected organizations. The respondents will respond to questions that are going to be asked in the interview session as well as participate as per the expectations of the focus group.

A consent form will be sent using DocuSign and obtained with signature. The selected participants will submit the consent forms and complete the interview using Zoom. Data will be collected on Zoom which for a Business account provided computer generated transcripts. These transcripts will be reviewed and listened to and cleaned up for computer errors such as the computer transcribing the word label as ladel. Transcripts once cleaned will be uploaded into MaxQDA for analyses. The transcripts and data analysis files will be saved in a password protected file on the computer and on a password protected USB drive as a backup. They will be saved for 3 years and then destroyed electronically and physically for the USB drive by smashing it.

Criterion

*(Score = 0, 1, 2, or 3)

Learner Score

Chair Score

Methodologist Score

Content Expert Score

DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT

(Minimum one to three pages)

Quantitative Studies: Describes the procedures for the actual data collection that would allow replication of the study by another researcher, including how each instrument or data source was used, how and where data were collected, and recorded. Includes a linear sequence of actions or step-by-step of procedures used to carry out all the major steps for data collection. Includes a workflow and corresponding timeline, presenting a logical, sequential, and transparent protocol for data collection that would allow another researcher to replicate the study.

Data from different sources may have to be collected in parallel (e.g., paper-and-pen surveys for teachers, corresponding students, and their parents AND retrieval of archival data from the school district). A flow chart is ok—"linear" may not apply to all situations

Qualitative Studies: Provides detailed description of data collection process, including all sources of data and methods used, such as interviews, member checking, observations, surveys, and expert panel review. Note: The collected data must be sufficient in breadth and depth to answer the research question(s) and interpreted and presented correctly, by theme, research question and/or instrument.

2

X

Describes the procedures for obtaining participant informed consent and for protecting the rights and well-being of the study sample participants.

Include site authorization letter(s) and participants' informed consent (parents' consent and children's consent, as needed) in appendices.

2

X

Describes how raw data are prepared for analysis (i.e., transcribing interviews, conducting member checking, downloading from SPSS and checking for missing data).

Describes (for both paper-based and electronic data) the data management procedures adopted to maintain data securely, including the length of time data will be kept, where it will be kept, and how it will be destroyed

2

X

Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

2

X

*Score each requirement listed in the criteria table using the following scale:

0 = Item Not Present or Unacceptable. Substantial Revisions are Required.

1 = Item is Present. Does Not Meet Expectations. Revisions are Required.

2 = Item is Acceptable. Meets Expectations. Some Revisions May be Suggested or Required.

3 = Item Exceeds Expectations. No Revisions are Required.

Reviewer Comments:

Data Analysis Procedures

Lists the problem statement or purpose statement, along with the research question(s). Also includes the null and alternative hypotheses for quantitative studies.

Describes in detail the relevant data collected for each stated research question and/or each variable within each hypothesis (if applicable).

There will be one or two interview questions per research question (Appendix XX) for the interview protocol. There will be one focus group question for each of research questions 1, X, X, and X.

Data analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis, followed transcription from the tape recorder then the analysis was performed based on interviews and focus groups. Data collected was first manually coded with the themes of the study. The coded themes were then analyzed, and explanations given. The overall aim of the analysis was to find factors influencing individuals' decision to not utilize Mental Health in one Southern State County. At the initial starting stage, individual interviews were conducted, recorded and transcribed verbatim. The next step involved the researcher repeatedly reading and listening to the content to get familiarized with it. As such, the researcher gained deeper and better familiarization with the contents; he also identified the answers to those questions asked as well as identifying the themes. Comment by Dr. Seymour: all of this should be future tense Comment by Dr. Seymour: need to DISCUSS Zoom transcripts

A thematic analysis was used to analyze the data collected. This was chosen because it is a common analysis technique for qualitative data with a clear set of steps to follow. The researcher particularly used MaxDQA in organizing and visualizing data. The researcher followed six steps in analyzing and visualizing the data collected. Stage 1 involved familiarizing with the data collected. Stage 2 involved generating codes regarding the significant ideas discovered in the data and identification of data and combining pertinent data relating to each code. This is where each research question is aligned to the interview question, and therefore the codes will align with the research questions. Stage 3 allowed the researcher to review codes and to understand those that could be developed into acceptable themes.

The next step involved reviewing and refining the themes and determining if there are any of them that need to be removed, combined, or if they can be broken down into additional themes. The fifth step involved defining and naming the themes after refining them (Nowell et al., 2017). Themes will be generated when there are a significant amount of codes related to it that emerge from the data that answers the research questions. In the next stage the researcher generated a report. Once the researcher was familiar with the data by reading through the data and looking for patterns, he developed a detailed description of the phenomenon from the synthesis of the data which is outlined in the discussion section of this study.

The information regarding how much data is collected in order to be sufficient will be documented here. The guidelines from the university mandate that there will be at least

Criterion

*(Score = 0, 1, 2, or 3)

Learner Score

Chair Score

Methodologist Score

Content Expert Score

DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURES

(Minimum one to three pages)

Lists the problem statement or purpose statement, along with the research question(s). Also includes the null and alternative hypotheses for quantitative studies.

0

X

Describes in detail the relevant data collected for each stated research question and/or each variable within each hypothesis (if applicable).

Quantitative Studies: "In detail" means scales (and subscales) of specified instruments AND type of data for each variable of interest. IMPORTANT: For (quasi) experimental studies, provide detailed description of all treatment materials per treatment condition, as part of the description of the independent variable corresponding to the experimental manipulation.

2

2

X

Describes, in detail, the data management practice including how the raw data were organized and prepared for analysis, i.e., ID matching of respondents who may respond to more than one survey/instrument, coding/recoding of variables, treatment of missing values, scoring, calculations, etc.

Qualitative Studies: (1) describes transcription process for interviews, focus groups, descriptive statistics (mean scores, percentages) calculated for surveys, observation checklists, etc.

2

2

X

What: Describes, in detail, statistical and non-statistical analysis to be used and procedures used to conduct the data analysis.

Quantitative Studies: (1) describe data file preparation (descriptive statistics used to check completeness and accuracy; for files from different sources, possibly aggregating data to obtain a common unit of analysis in all files, necessarily merging files (using the key variable defining the unit of analysis); (2) computation of statistics for the sample profile; (3) computation of (subscales and) scales; (4) reliability analysis for all scales and subscales; (5) computation of descriptive statistics for all variables of interest in the study (except those already presented in the sample profile); (6) state and justify all statistical procedures ("tests") needed to generate the information to answer all research questions; and (7) state assumptions checks for all those statistical procedures (including the tests and / or charts to be computed).

Qualitative Studies: This section begins by identifying and discussing the specific analysis approach or strategy, followed by a discussion of coding procedures used. Note: coding procedures may be different for Thematic Analysis, Narrative Analysis, Phenomenological Analysis, or Grounded Theory Analysis.

2

2

X

Why: Provides the justification for each of the (statistical and non-statistical) data analysis procedures used in the study.

If a change in analysis was made, explains what was actually done versus what was planned and why.

2

2

X

How: Demonstrates how the statistical and non-statistical data analysis techniques align with the research questions/design.

2

2

X

Quantitative Analysis - states the level of statistical significance for each test as appropriate, and describes tests of assumptions for each statistical test.

Qualitative Analysis - evidence of qualitative analysis approach, such as coding and theming process, must be completely described and included the analysis /interpretation process. Clear evidence from how codes moved to themes must be presented.

2

2

X

Provides evidence that quantity and quality of data is sufficient to answer the research questions. This must be present in this section or in an appendix including data samples.

1

X

Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

2

X

*Score each requirement listed in the criteria table using the following scale:

0 = Item Not Present or Unacceptable. Substantial Revisions are Required.

1 = Item is Present. Does Not Meet Expectations. Revisions are Required.

2 = Item is Acceptable. Meets Expectations. Some Revisions May be Suggested or Required.

3 = Item Exceeds Expectations. No Revisions are Required.

Reviewer Comments:

Ethical Considerations

Before the commencement of the study, the researcher will seek authorization from all the relevant bodies including the IRB for approval. The researcher will also seek authority from the University board to conduct the research. All the data collected will be purely used for research purposes and remain confidential. The data will remain free to withdraw from respondents from the study. No personal name or organizational names that may bring conflict of interest in the research will be included. The research will remain in the custody of the University will all rights reserved. Additionally, only relevant data was collected by the researcher, solely for the study. The researcher will remain clear of any subjectivity in analyzing the data and also in preventing anything that will be harmful to the participants.

In honoring the APA principles in human research, the study will have to obey the APA principle of following informed-consent rules. There are three standards that are going to be enforced in this study. The first standard is the human relation standard. The human relation standard focuses on ensuring that there is no discrimination in the study and that the best approaches are used when interacting with humans to make them as comfortable as possible. The APA ethical human relation standard state that researchers should avoid unfair discrimination. In the research, the study will consist of a sample population that has almost all if not all ethnicities present in the study location represented in the study. In addition, all genders will be represented in the study to avoid gender discrimination. The above will be particularly good for the study as the research team will get to gather information on how different ethnicities feel about caring for the elderly more so those with psychological disorders.

The human relation standard states that all participants in the study should be made aware of the purpose of the research and the expected research duration. In addition, the participants should also be made aware of any foreseeable factors that may influence their willingness to participate in the study as well as the limits of the confidentiality of the research that the participants will participate in (Khodyakov et al., 2016). It is the duty of the research team to make sure that participants know what they are getting themselves into and for how long they will do that as far as the research is concerned. Since the study is concerned with the views of people, it is important that their views are treated with confidentiality. No person outside the research team should have access to the collected data. The above will not only help the participants in preparation for the research but it will also in line with the ethical considerations of research that states that participants must fully know the research processes of the study that they participate in.

The second standard that will be enforced is the privacy and confidentiality standard. The standard was put in place to ensure that the rights more so privacy and confidential rights of people are observed. In meeting the above requirement, the research findings will not be publicly published without the consent of all participants.

There is a process for informed consent. The rules state that all participants in the study should be made aware of the purpose of the research and the expected research duration. In addition, the participants should also be made aware of any foreseeable factors that may influence their willingness to participate in the study as well as the limits of the confidentiality of the research that the participants will participate in (Khodyakov et al., 2016). It is the duty of the research team to make sure that participants know what they are getting themselves into and for how long they will do that as far as the research is concerned. Since the study is concerned with the views of people, it is important that their views are treated with confidentiality. No person outside the research team should have access to the collected data. The above will not only help the participants in preparation for the research but it will also in line with the ethical considerations of research that states that participants must fully know the research processes of the study that they participate in.

The participants will also be given incentives for participating in the research as well as the contacts that they can use in case they have any questions. The incentives will help stick to the study considering the study duration is long. The contracts given to the participants will help participants to feel at ease with the research process. The contacts are also availed for the purposes of making sure all questions that participants have in regard to the research are addressed. In other cases, the contacts are used in the reporting of abnormal side effects of studies. Comment by Dr. Seymour: these are called informed consent forms. Replace contracts with this everywhere.

The third ethical standard that will be enforced is the research and publication standard that emphasizes that consent should be gotten from the participants before any publication of the research is done. Ethical approval for this study will first be obtained from the university, after which the data collection will commence. Homes and hospices caring for the elderly persons who suffer from psychological disorders will be contacted and invited to participate and written consent will be sought. It is important that consent is gotten from the participants as well as the institutions that they work for to avoid unnecessary litigation as well as to be in line with ethical demands of human research (Dickert, 2019). The data collection tools will be delivered to the participating homes and health care agencies for data capture and later collected. Caregivers will be informed on why research is being carried out and possible research benefits. It is important for the participants to be made aware of the possible benefits of the research in order to have their full participation in the research.

Adherence to the code of ethics in the handling of this research will be for primarily two reasons. The first reason is to ensure that the research is carried out in a legal manner and an ethical manner. Ethics are vital in every aspect of research across the world (Grady, 2018). Therefore, it implies that ethics are necessary for the success of this study. The second reason is that the adherence will validate the research; the research will be of more value if the findings are realized in an ethical manner. According to (Grady, 2018), adherence to the code of ethics will ensure that the research not only follows a research framework but as well follows an ethical framework. The research will be carried out within the acceptable code of conduct. The ethics will strictly be followed to ensure legal acceptance of the research.

It is important to remember that the research will be aimed at benefiting the stakeholders just as the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence dictate(Kosinski et al., 2015).The research has the responsibility of collecting the data in an honest manner as dictated by the principles of integrity.

The researcher will also ensure that all the research processes will not harm the respondents in any way either physically, emotionally or any other way. While it is difficult to predict beneficence in a qualitative study, the researcher will ensure ensured the researcher procedures were followed strictly to bring out a beneficial outcome. All the possible consequences of the study will be considered to minimize potential harm and reduce intentional harm. The balanced the risk and benefits of the study before data collection commenced. The researcher will only conduct the study after the benefits of the study outweighed the benefits. (is something missing here)

The research will respect the privacy of all the respondents who will participate in the study. The researcher will respect the view of those respondents who will not be willing to provide personal information. The interview questions to be used will be developed in a way that the respondents will provide honest opinions. This will help to reduce bias and enhance the reliability of the study. The data obtained will remain stored on the researcher's computer with the password encrypted. The relationship developed between the researcher and the respondents will only be used to provide information for the study and not for any other purposes. The data will be destroyed after three years with not any backups whether in the cloud or other storage devices.

Criterion

*(Score = 0, 1, 2, or 3)

Learner Score

Chair Score

Methodologist Score

Content Expert Score

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

(Minimum three to four paragraphs or approximately one page)

Provides a discussion of ethical issues, per Belmont Report and IRB guidelines, related to the study and the study population of interest.

Explains which principles / issues are relevant to the study.

Identifies the potential risks for harm that are inherent in the study.

2

2

X

Describes the procedures for obtaining informed consent and for protecting the rights and well-being of the study sample participants.

2

2

X

Addresses key ethical criteria of anonymity, confidentiality, privacy, strategies to prevent coercion, and any potential conflict of interest.

2

2

X

Describes the data management procedures adopted to store and maintain paper and electronic data securely, including the length of time data will be kept, where it will be kept, and how it will be destroyed.

Explains what he/she planned to do / did to implement each of the principles / issues that are relevant the study data management, data analysis, and publication of findings.

Note: Learners are required to securely maintain and have access to raw data/records for a minimum of three years. If asked by AQR reviewer or CDS representative, learner must provide all evidence of data including source data, Excel files, interview transcripts, evidence of coding or data analysis, or survey results, etc. No dissertation will be allowed to move forward in the review process if data are not produced upon request.

2

2

X

Includes copy of IRB Informed Consent (Proposal) and IRB Approval letter (Dissertation) in an Appendix.

All approvals, consent forms, recruitment, and data collection materials are mentioned in the Data Collection section and included in separate appendixes (with appropriate in-text references).

?

X

Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

X

*Score each requirement listed in the criteria table using the following scale:

0 = Item Not Present or Unacceptable. Substantial Revisions are Required.

1 = Item is Present. Does Not Meet Expectations. Revisions are Required.

2 = Item is Acceptable. Meets Expectations. Some Revisions May be Suggested or Required.

3 = Item Exceeds Expectations. No Revisions are Required.

Reviewer Comments:

Limitations and Delimitations Comment by Dr. Seymour: We need to discuss these. You are not understanding.

Just like any other study, this study experienced various limitations and had a number of delimitations.

Limitations associated with this study included:

1. Collecting data from participants is time consuming and therefore this study was conducted for several weeks. Since there were interactions between the researcher and the participants, discussions would deviate from the main issues increasing the time of the study.

2. The results of this study cannot be verified as the participants have more control of the data collected. The researcher only relied on the data presented by the respondents to verify the results.

3. This approach was labor intensive as it required the researcher to interview individual respondents and also issue questionnaires.

4. The research problem could not be tested or verified as the study used a descriptive study design. While comparisons were made, it was impossible to presents data statistically.

5. There is a possibility of researchers, subjectivity and errors. Aggarwal & Ranganathan, (2019), stresses that descriptive studies may contain errors as the researcher may ignore data that conforms to the hypothesis of the study.

The study had the following delimitations:

1. Since the main aim of this study was to determine providers’ perspectives on the utilization of mental health in South Texas, the research only collected qualitative data to help inform behaviors.

2. The participants included in this study were healthcare providers in South Texas. As a result, this study did not involve healthcare providers from other parts of the United States.

3. The study only focused on mental healthcare organizations in South Texas that are members of the mental healthcare organization. As a result, healthcare organizations that do not provide mental healthcare and are not members of the mental health organization were not included in the study.

Criterion

*(Score = 0, 1, 2, or 3)

Learner Score

Chair Score

Methodologist Score

Content Expert Score

LIMITATIONS AND DELIMITATIONS

(Minimum two to three paragraphs)

Reiterates those limitations listed in Ch. 1 and explains why the existing limitations are unavoidable.

Describes any delimitations related to the methodology, sample, instrumentation, data collection process and analysis.

Note: This section must be updated as limitations emerge in the data collection/analysis, and then incorporated in Chapter 5 the limitations overall and how the study results were affected.

X

States consequences of each limitation and delimitation in terms of data quantity, quality, and validity / generalizability of the findings.

Discusses strategies to minimize and/or mitigate the negative consequences of limitations and delimitations.

X

Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

X

*Score each requirement listed in the criteria table using the following scale:

0 = Item Not Present or Unacceptable. Substantial Revisions are Required.

1 = Item is Present. Does Not Meet Expectations. Revisions are Required.

2 = Item is Acceptable. Meets Expectations. Some Revisions May be Suggested or Required.

3 = Item Exceeds Expectations. No Revisions are Required.

Reviewer Comments:

Summary

The number of People suffering from mental disorders continues to increase in the United Sates. This is despite the spirited efforts to improve access to mental health services. There are numerous factors that influence health seeking behaviors among people in the United States (Platt et al., 2018). However, these factors are not well known, and this affects the development of effective strategies to increase mental health utilization. While many studies have been done on this topic, they have not explained comprehensively the factors affecting health seeking behaviors in the country. As a result, this study aimed to determine the factors influencing individuals, decision to seeking mental health services.

It was not known what influences an individual's decision to or not to utilize mental health services in the United States. It was also not known how mental health providers describe the factors influencing individuals' decision to utilize mental health services. There are also increasing mental health cases among the children in the country (Gulliver et al., 2019). Westermair et al., (2018) noted that the studies that have been carried out on the mental health utilization have not yielded substantial results. Chang & Biegel, (2018) also suggested that more studies need to be conducted to establish how policies can be used to address the financial barriers to the utilization of mental health services in the United States.

A qualitative research methodology has been used in this study to help in answering the research questions. This is because most previous studies that sought to determine the factors affecting health seeking behaviors among people experiencing mental conditions use quantitative research methodology. Such studies focused extensively on the numerical and statistical elements of the study overseeing important relationships (Kapadia et al., 2017). A quantitative methodology would not have been the most appropriate approach to this study. The findings of a quantitative study may not be generalized as information is drawn from random sources (Rahman, 2017). In addition, quantitative studies are carried out in unnatural environments that make the respondents uncomfortable and therefore cannot provide the right information (Savela, 2018).

A qualitative descriptive research design was adopted for this study. Qualitative descriptive is the most appropriate design for this study because it helps to describe how mental health providers and mental health professionals the factors influencing individuals' decision to utilize mental health services (Kim et al., 2017). Additionally, it is effective in explaining relationships and themes about a certain phenomenon. Other qualitative research designs including phenomenology, case studies, ethnography and grounded theory were considered for the study but rejected based on the fact that they could not help the researcher achieve the objectives of the study. This research design increases the validity and reliability of the study.

Data collection followed all standard procedures beginning with seeking approval from the IRB. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis, followed by its transcription from the tape recorder then the analysis was performed based on interviews and focus groups. Various ethical considerations were observed throughout the study. The researcher also ensured that all the research processes do not harm the respondents in any way either physically, emotionally or any other way. The privacy of respondents was also respected in the study. The researcher remained clear of any subjectivity in analyzing the data and was also proactive at preventing anything that will be harmful to the participants.

Chapter three discussed the various literatures that support the acceptance and the rejection of mental health services with the intention of identifying why people do so to improve mental health in the state. Chapter four presents the findings of the study. It begins by discussing the research questions and problem statement of the study. The themes and relationships that emerged from the data collected are presented in this chapter. Tables, charts and figures are also presented in this section. A succinct summary is also presented at the end of the chapter. Chapter five provides discussion of the findings outlined in chapter four. Chapter five also presents significance of the study and its implication to practice. Finally, recommendations for future studies are provided at the end of the chapter.

Chapter three discussed the various literatures that support the acceptance and the rejection of mental health services with the intention of identifying why people do so to improve mental health in the state. Chapter four presents the findings of the study. It begins by discussing the research questions and problem statement of the study. The themes and relationships that emerged from the data collected are presented in this chapter. Tables, charts and figures are also presented in this section. A succinct summary is also presented at the end of the chapter. Chapter five provides discussion of the findings outlined in chapter four. Chapter five also presents significance of the study and its implication to practice. Finally, recommendations for future studies are provided at the end of the chapter.

Chapter four presents the findings of the study. It begins by discussing the research questions and problem statement of the study. The themes and relationships that emerged from the data collected are presented in this chapter. Tables, charts and figures are also presented in this section. A succinct summary is also presented at the end of the chapter. Chapter five provides discussion of the findings outlined in chapter four. Chapter five also presents significance of the study and its implication to practice. Finally, recommendations for future studies are provided at the end of the chapter.

Criterion

*(Score = 0, 1, 2, or 3)

Learner Score

Chair Score

Methodologist Score

Content ExpertScore

CHAPTER 3 SUMMARY

(Minimum one to two pages)

Summarizes key points presented in Chapter 3 using authoritative, empirical sources/citations.

2

2

X

Document shows alignment of title, problem statement, purpose statement, RQs and hypotheses, methodology, design, data collection and instruments, and analysis.

2

2

X

Ends Chapter 3 with a transition discussion to focus for Chapter 4.

2

2

X

The Chapter is correctly formatted to dissertation template using the Word Style Tool and APA standards. Writing is free of mechanical errors.

2

2

X

All research presented in the Chapter is scholarly, topic-related, and obtained from highly respected academic, professional, original sources. In-text citations are accurate, correctly cited and included in the reference page according to APA standards.

2

2

X

Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

2

2

X

*Score each requirement listed in the criteria table using the following scale:

0 = Item Not Present or Unacceptable. Substantial Revisions are Required.

1 = Item is Present. Does Not Meet Expectations. Revisions are Required.

2 = Item is Acceptable. Meets Expectations. Some Revisions May be Suggested or Required.

3 = Item Exceeds Expectations. No Revisions are Required.

Reviewer Comments:

References

Aggarwal, R., & Ranganathan, P. (2019). Study designs: Part 2 - Descriptive Studies. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 10(1), 34-36. doi: 10.4103/picr.PICR_154_18

Aggelidou, K., & Georgaca, E. (2017). Effective strategies for coping with paranoid thoughts: A qualitative investigation. International Journal of Mental Health, 46(3), 188-205. doi:10.1080/00207411.2017.1304075

Ahmadi, F., Khodayarifard, M., Zandi, S., Khorrami-Markani, A., Ghobari-Bonab, B., Sabzevari, M., & Ahmadi, N. (2018). Religion, culture and illness: A sociological study on religious coping in Iran. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 21(7), 721-736. doi:10.1080/13674676.2018.1555699

Al Ali, N. M., Alqurneh, M. K., Dalky, H., & Al-Omari, H. (2017). Factors affecting help-seeking attitudes regarding mental health services among attendance of primary health care centers in Jordan. International Journal of Mental Health, 46(1), 38-51.

Alghadeer, S., Alhossan, A., Al-Arifi, M., Alrabiah, Z., Ali, S., Babelghaith, S., & Altamimi, M. (2018). Prevalence of mental disorders among patients attending primary health care centers in the capital of Saudi Arabia. Neurosciences, 23(3), 238-243. doi:10.17712/nsj.2018.3.20180058

Ali, M. M., West, K., Teich, J. L., Lynch, S., Mutter, R., & Dubenitz, J. (2019). Utilization of mental health services in educational setting by adolescents in the United States. Journal of School Health, 89(5), 393-401.

Anderson, M. S. (2018). Barriers to the Utilization of Mental Health Services on College Campuses by African-American Students. McNair Scholars Research Journal, 11(1), 3.

André Queirós, Daniel Faria, & Fernando Almeida. (2017). Strengths and limitations of qualitative and quantitative research methods. doi:10.5281/zenodo.887088

Andrew, N. D. (2019). Religious coping measurement in the context of long-term care.

Armitage, C. J., & Christian, J. (2017). From attitudes to behavior: Basic and applied research on the theory of planned behavior. In Planned Behavior (pp. 1-12). Routledge.

Azman, A., Jamir Singh, P. S., & Sulaiman, J. (2017). Caregiver coping with the mentally ill: A qualitative study. Journal of Mental Health, 26(2), 98-103. doi:10.3109/09638237.2015.1124395

Baciu, A., Negussie, Y., Geller, A., Weinstein, J. N., & National Academies of Sciences,

Barr, D. A. (2019). Health Disparities in the United States: Social Class, Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Determinants of Health. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Bartolomei, J., Baeriswyl-Cottin, R., Framorando, D., Kasina, F., Premand, N., Eytan, A., & Khazaal, Y. (2016). What are the barriers to access to mental healthcare and the primary needs of asylum seekers? A survey of mental health caregivers and primary care workers. BMC psychiatry, 16(1), 336.

Bas-Sarmiento, P., Saucedo-Moreno, M. J., Fernández-Gutiérrez, M., & Poza-Méndez, M. (2017). Mental health in immigrants versus native population: a systematic review of the literature. Archives of psychiatric nursing, 31(1), 111-121.

Bastani, P., Javanbakht, M., & Ravangard, R. (2019). Predicting the potential patients' intention to select healthcare service providers: Application of structural equation modeling based on the theory of planned behavior. The Open Public Health Journal, 12(1), 472-481. doi:10.2174/1874944501912010472

Bearman, M. (2019). Key concepts in qualitative research design. In Healthcare Simulation Research (pp. 73-78). Springer, Cham.

Brady, S. S., Connor, J. J., Chaisson, N., Sharif Mohamed, F., & Robinson, B. B. E. (2019). Female Genital Cutting and Deinfibulation: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Research and Practice. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1-15. doi:10.1007/s10508-019-1427-4

Brown, A. D., Schultebraucks, K., Qian, M., Li, M., Horesh, D., Siegel, C., . . . Farmer, J. (2020). Mental health disorders and utilization of mental healthcare services in united nations personnel. Global Mental Health (Cambridge, England), 7, e5. doi:10.1017/gmh.2019.29

Brunner, J., Schweizer, C. A., Canelo, I. A., Leung, L. B., Strauss, J. L., & Yano, E. M. (2019). Timely access to mental health care among women veterans. Psychological services, 16(3), 498.

Burino, A. G., Awan, J. H., & Lanjwani, A. R. (2017). Interview: A Research Instrument for Social Science Researchers. International Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Education, 1(4), 1-14.

Byrow, Y., Pajak, R., Specker, P., & Nickerson, A. (2020a). Perceptions of mental health and perceived barriers to mental health help-seeking amongst refugees: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 75, 101812. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101812

Calear, A. L., Banfield, M., Batterham, P. J., Morse, A. R., Forbes, O., Carron-Arthur, B., & Fisk, M. (2017). Silence is deadly: A cluster-randomized controlled trial of a mental health help-seeking intervention for young men. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 834. DOI:10.1186/s12889-017-4845-z

Calear, A. L., Banfield, M., Batterham, P. J., Morse, A. R., Forbes, O., Carron-Arthur, B., & Fisk, M. (2017). Silence is deadly: A cluster-randomized controlled trial of a mental health help-seeking intervention for young men. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 834. doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4845-z

Carrara, B. S., & Ventura, C. A. A. (2018). Self-stigma, mentally ill persons and health services: An integrative review of literature. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 32(2), 317-324.

Castillo, E. G., Ijadi-Maghsoodi, R., Shadravan, S., Moore, E., Mensah, M. O., Docherty, M., ... & Morton, I. (2019). Community interventions to promote mental health and social equity. Current psychiatry reports, 21(5), 35.

Chang, C., & Biegel, D. E. (2018). Factors affecting mental health service utilization among Latino Americans with mental health issues. Journal of Mental Health, 27(6), 552-559. doi:10.1080/09638237.2017.1385742

Chisholm, D., Docrat, S., Abdulmalik, J., Alem, A., Gureje, O., Gurung, D., ... & Mugisha, J. (2019). Mental health financing challenges, opportunities and strategies in low-and middle-income countries: findings from the Emerald project. BJPsych open, 5(5).

Choudhry, F. R., Mani, V., Ming, L. C., & Khan, T. M. (2016). Beliefs and perception about mental health issues: a meta-synthesis. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 12, 2807.

Chu, K. M., Garcia, S. M., Koka, H., Wynn, G. H., & Kao, T. C. (2018). Mental health care utilization and stigma in the military: comparison of Asian Americans to other racial groups. Ethnicity & health, 1-16.

Chung, C. L. (2017). Factors associated with mental health service utilization among young adults with mental illness (Doctoral dissertation, Case Western Reserve University).

Clark, K. R., & Vealé, B. L. (2018). Strategies to enhance data collection and analysis in qualitative research. Radiologic Technology, 89(5), 482CT. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29793921

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.

Davis, M. A., Lin, L. A., Liu, H., & Sites, B. D. (2017). Prescription opioid use among adults with mental health disorders in the united states. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine: JABFM, 30(4), 407-417. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2017.04.170112

Ecks, S. (2016). Commentary: Ethnographic critiques of global mental health. Transcultural psychiatry, 53(6), 804-808.

Ferrari, G., Agnew-Davies, R., Bailey, J., Howard, L., Howarth, E., Peters, T. J., ... & Feder, G. S. (2016). Domestic violence and mental health: a cross-sectional survey of women seeking help from domestic violence support services. Global health action, 9(1), 29890.

Fleury, M. J., Grenier, G., Farand, L., & Ferland, F. (2019). Use of Emergency Rooms for Mental Health Reasons in Quebec: Barriers and Facilitators. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 46(1), 18-33.

Gates, M. L., Turney, A., Ferguson, E., Walker, V., & Staples-Horne, M. (2017). Associations among substance use, mental health disorders, and self-harm in a prison population: examining group risk for suicide attempt. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(3), 317.

Gordon, S. T. (2018). Exploring the relationship between church affiliation and religious coping Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Full Text: The Humanities and Social Sciences Collection. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/2176101611

Graham, K. L., & Rosén, L. A. (2019). Working with older adults’ scale: Application of the theory of planned behavior. The Gerontologist, doi:10.1093/geront/gnz077

Gronholm, P. C., Thornicroft, G., Laurens, K. R., & Evans-Lacko, S. (2017). Mental health-related stigma and pathways to care for people at risk of psychotic disorders or experiencing first-episode psychosis: A systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 47(11), 1867-1879. doi:10.1017/S0033291717000344

Grove, S. K. (2019). Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs. Understanding Nursing Research: First South Asia Edition, E-Book: Building an Evidence-Based Practice, 191.

Gulliver, A., Farrer, L., Farrer, L., Bennett, K., Bennett, K., Griffiths, K. M., & Griffiths, K. M. (2019). University staff mental health literacy, stigma and their experience of students with mental health problems. Journal of further and Higher Education, 43(3), 434-442. doi:10.1080/0309877X.2017.1367370

Han, B., Compton, W. M., Blanco, C., Crane, E., Lee, J., & Jones, C. M. (2017). Prescription opioid use, misuse, and use disorders in US adults: 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Annals of internal medicine, 167(5), 293-301.

Hart, C. (2018). Doing a literature review: Releasing the research imagination. Sage.

Hester, R. D. (2017). Lack of access to mental health services contributing to the high suicide rates among veterans. International journal of mental health systems, 11(1), 47.

Hester, R. D. (2017). Lack of access to mental health services contributing to the high suicide rates among veterans. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 11(1), 47. doi:10.1186/s13033-017-0154-2

Hollin, I. L., Craig, B. M., Coast, J., Beusterien, K., Vass, C., DiSantostefano, R., & Peay, H. (2020). Reporting formative qualitative research to support the development of quantitative preference study protocols and corresponding survey instruments: Guidelines for authors and reviewers. The Patient, 13(1), 121-136. doi:10.1007/s40271-019-00401-x

Hom, M. A., Stanley, I. H., Schneider, M. E., & Joiner, T. E. (2017). A systematic review of help-seeking and mental health service utilization among military service members. Clinical Psychology Review, 53, 59-78. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.01.008

Hopps, M., Iadeluca, L., McDonald, M., & Makinson, G. T. (2017). The burden of family caregiving in the united states: Work productivity, health care resource utilization, and mental health among employed adults. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 10, 437-444. doi:10.2147/JMDH.S135372

Howie, M. A. (2017). Planning the Methodology-Limitations and Delimitations. Develop a.

Hua, C. L., Bardo, A. R., & Brown, J. S. (2018). Mistrust in physicians does not explain black-white disparities in primary care and emergency department utilization: The importance of socialization during the Jim Crow era. Journal of the National Medical Association, 110(6), 540-546. doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2018.01.006

Hughes, E., Mitchell, N., Gascoyne, S., Byrne, T., Edmondson, A., Coleman, E., ... & Hewitt, C. (2020). A Bespoke Sexual Health Promotion Intervention for People with Serious Mental Illness in Community Mental Health Services in the UK Compared with Treatment as Usual: the RESPECT Feasibility Randomised Controlled trial.

Irteja Islam, M., Kabir, E., & Khanam, R. (2020). Suicidality, mental disorder and the utilization of mental health services among Australian adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 111, 104821. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104821

Jain, P. (2020). Likert Scale Development–Construction and Evaluation of Financial Behavior Scale (FBS). Studies in Indian Place Names, 40(26), 179-186.

Jaiswal, J., & Halkitis, P. N. (2019). Towards a more inclusive and dynamic understanding of medical mistrust informed by science. Behavioral Medicine, 45(2), 79-85. doi:10.1080/08964289.2019.1619511

James, C. V., Moonesinghe, R., Wilson-Frederick, S. M., Hall, J. E., Penman-Aguilar, A., & Bouye, K. (2018). Racial/ethnic health disparities among rural Adults—United states, 2012–2015: MMWR surveillance summaries / November 17, 2017 / 66(23);1–9. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 29(1), 19-34. doi:10.1353/hpu.2018.0003

Johnson, J., Hall, L. H., Berzins, K., Baker, J., Melling, K., & Thompson, C. (2018). Mental healthcare staff well‐being and burnout: A narrative review of trends, causes, implications, and recommendations for future interventions. International journal of mental health nursing, 27(1), 20-32.

Jon-Ubabuco, N., & Dimmitt Champion, J. (2019). Perceived mental healthcare barriers and health-seeking behavior of African American caregivers of adolescents with mental health disorders. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 40(7), 585-592. doi:10.1080/01612840.2018.1547803

Józsa, K., & Morgan, G. A. (2017). Reversed items in Likert Scales: Filtering out invalid responders. Journal of Psychological and Educational Research (JPER), XXV (1), 7-25. Retrieved from https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=535076

Jun, W. H., & Choi, E. J. (2019). The relationship between community integration and mental health recovery in people with mental health issues living in the community: A quantitative study. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, doi:10.1111/jpm.12578

Kantor, V., Knefel, M., & Lueger-Schuster, B. (2017). Perceived barriers and facilitators of mental health service utilization in adult trauma survivors: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 52, 52-68.

Karaye, I. M., Ross, A. D., & Horney, J. A. (2019). Self-rated mental and physical health of US Gulf Coast residents. Journal of community health, 1-8.

Karystianis, G., Adily, A., Schofield, P., Knight, L., Galdon, C., Greenberg, D., ... & Butler, T. (2018). Automatic extraction of mental health disorders from domestic violence police narratives: text mining study. Journal of medical internet research, 20(9), e11548.

Keenan, J., Poland, F., Wilson, P., Mathie, E., Boote, J., Varley, A., . . . Howe, A. (2017). 022 pp: Research design boundaries for qualitative research, stakeholder and patient and public involvement, and why they matter. BMJ Open, 7(Suppl 2), bmjopen-016492.40. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016492.40

Kim, K., & Garcia, I. (2019). Why do homeless families exit and return the homeless shelter? factors affecting the risk of family homelessness in Salt Lake county (Utah, united states) as a case study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 4328. doi:10.3390/ijerph16224328

King, J. L., Reboussin, B. A., Spangler, J., Ross, J. C., & Sutfin, E. L. (2018). Tobacco product use and mental health status among young adults. Addictive behaviors, 77, 67-72.

Kisely, S. R., Campbell, L. A., & Preston, N. J. (2011). Compulsory community and involuntary outpatient treatment for people with severe mental disorders. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2), CD004408. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004408.pub3

Knight, B. G., & Winterbotham, S. (2020). Rural and urban older adults’ perceptions of mental health services accessibility. Aging & mental health, 24(6), 978-984.

Kohl, D. (2018). Examining the relationship between health behaviors and mental health in a Luxembourg sheltered work environment: A quantitative study Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses: UK & Ireland: Business. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/2189019177

Kohl, D. (2018). Examining the relationship between health behaviors and mental health in a Luxembourg sheltered work environment: A quantitative study Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses: UK & Ireland: Business. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/2189019177

Kohn, R., Ali, A. A., Puac-Polanco, V., Figueroa, C., López-Soto, V., Morgan, K., ... & Vicente, B. (2018). Mental health in the Americas: an overview of the treatment gap. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 42, e165.

Kohn, R., Ali, A. A., Puac-Polanco, V., Figueroa, C., López-Soto, V., Morgan, K., . . . Vicente, B. (2018). Mental health in the Americas: An overview of the treatment gap. Revista Pan Americana De Salud Publica = Pan American Journal of Public Health, 42, e165. doi:10.26633/RPSP.2018.165

Kriksciuniene, D., Sakalauskas, V., & Lewandowski, R. (2019, June). Evaluating the Interdependent Effect for Likert Scale Items. In International Conference on Business Information Systems (pp. 26-38). Springer, Cham.

Kuhlmann, T., Dantlgraber, M., & Reips, U. (2017). Investigating Measurement Equivalence of Visual Analogue Scales and Likert-Type Scales in Internet-Based Personality questionnaires. Behavior Research Methods, 49(6), 2173-2181. doi:10.3758/s13428-016-0850-x

Kwan, P. P., Soniega-Sherwood, J., Esmundo, S., Watts, J., Pike, J., Sabado-Liwag, M., & Palmer, P. H. (2019). Access and Utilization of Mental health Services among Pacific Islanders. Asian American Journal of Psychology.

Lal, S., Nguyen, V., & Theriault, J. (2018). Seeking mental health information and support online: Experiences and perspectives of young people receiving treatment for first‐episode psychosis. Early intervention in psychiatry, 12(3), 324-330.

Lancaster, K. (2017a). Confidentiality, Anonymity and Power relations in Elite Interviewing: Conducting Qualitative Policy Research in a Politicized Domain. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20(1), 93-103. doi:10.1080/13645579.2015.1123555

Lancaster, K. (2017b). Confidentiality, Anonymity and Power Relations in Elite Interviewing: Conducting Qualitative Policy Research in a Politicized Domain. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20(1), 93-103. doi:10.1080/13645579.2015.1123555

Langley, E. L., Wootton, B. M., & Grieve, R. (2018). The utility of the health belief model variables in predicting Help‐Seeking intention for anxiety disorders. Australian Psychologist, 53(4), 291-301. doi:10.1111/ap.12334

Leggett, L. E., Khadaroo, R. G., Holroyd-Leduc, J., Lorenzetti, D. L., Hanson, H., Wagg, A., . . . Clement, F. (2016). Measuring Resource Utilization: A Systematic Review of Validated Self-Reported Questionnaires. Medicine, 95(10), e2759. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002759

Lewandowski, R. (2020, February). Evaluating the Interdependent Effect for Likert Scale Items. In Business Information Systems Workshops: BIS 2019 International Workshops, Seville, Spain, June 26–28, 2019, Revised Papers (Vol. 373, p. 26). Springer Nature.

Lin, C., Saffari, M., Koenig, H. G., & Pakpour, A. H. (2018). Effects of Religiosity and Religious Coping on Medication Adherence and Quality of Life Among People with Epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 78, 45-51. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.10.008

Lipari, R. N., Van Horn, S. L., Hughes, A., & Williams, M. (2017). State and substate estimates of any mental illness from the 2012–2014 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. In The CBHSQ Report. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US).

Luitel, N. P., Jordans, M. J. D., Kohrt, B. A., Rathod, S. D., & Komproe, I. H. (2017). Treatment Gap and Barriers for Mental Health Care: A Cross-Sectional Community Survey in Nepal. PLoS One, 12(8), e0183223. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183223

Luitel, N. P., Jordans, M. J., Kohrt, B. A., Rathod, S. D., & Komproe, I. H. (2017). Treatment gap and barriers for mental health care: a cross-sectional community survey in Nepal. PloS one, 12(8), e0183223.

Luquis, R. R., Luquis, R. R., & Kensinger, W. S. (2019). Applying the health belief model to assess prevention services among young adults. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 57(1), 37-47. doi:10.1080/14635240.2018.1549958

Machado, D. B., Alves, F. J., Rasella, D., Rodrigues, L., & Araya, R. (2018). Impact of the new mental health services on rates of suicide and hospitalizations by attempted suicide, psychiatric problems, and alcohol problems in Brazil. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 45(3), 381-391.

Martin, M. S., Hynes, K., Hatcher, S., & Colman, I. (2016). Diagnostic error in correctional mental health: Prevalence, causes, and consequences. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 22(2), 109-117.

Matarazzo, J. D., & Wiens, A. N. (2017). The interview: Research on its anatomy and structure. Transaction Publishers.

Matthew, L., Barron, I., & Hodson, A. (2019a). Participatory Action Research: Confidentiality and Attitudes of Victimized Young People Unknown to Child Protection Agencies. International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice, 2(1), 79-97. doi:10.1007/s42448-019-00020-x

Matthew, L., Barron, I., & Hodson, A. (2019b). Participatory action research: Confidentiality and attitudes of victimized young people unknown to child protection agencies. International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice, 2(1), 79-97. doi:10.1007/s42448-019-00020-x

Maxwell, J. (2017). Collecting qualitative data: A realist approach Retrieved from https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/sageukqdc/collecting_qualitative_data_a_realist_approach/0

Mays, V. M., Jones, A. L., Cochran, S. D., Taylor, R. J., Rafferty, J., & Jackson, J. S. (2018). Chronicity and mental health service utilization for anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders among black men in the united states; ethnicity and nativity differences. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 6(2), 53. doi:10.3390/healthcare6020053

Memon, A., Taylor, K., Mohebati, L. M., Sundin, J., Cooper, M., Scanlon, T., & de Visser, R. (2016). Perceived barriers to accessing mental health services among black and minority ethnic (BME) communities: a qualitative study in Southeast England. BMJ open, 6(11).

Mengo, C., & Gidycz, C. (2019). When abused women decide to seek help from a victims assistance program: their perceived needs and self-reported mental health symptoms. Violence and Victims, 34(4), 613-634.

Miller-Fellows, S. C., Adams, J., Korbin, J. E., & Greksa, L. P. (2018). Creating Culturally Competent and Responsive Mental Health Services: A Case Study Among the Amish Population of Geauga County, Ohio. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 45(4), 627-639.

Mongelli, F., Georgakopoulos, P., & Pato, M. T. (2020). Challenges and opportunities to meet the mental health needs of underserved and disenfranchised populations in the United States. Focus, 18(1), 16-24.

Montejo, A. L., Montejo, L., & Baldwin, D. S. (2018). The impact of severe mental disorders and psychotropic medications on sexual health and its implications for clinical management. World Psychiatry, 17(1), 3-11. doi:10.1002/wps.20509

Moreau, J. L., Cordasco, K. M., Young, A. S., Oishi, S. M., Rose, D. E., Canelo, I., ... & Hamilton, A. B. (2018). The use of telemental health to meet the mental health needs of women using department of veterans affairs services. Women's Health Issues, 28(2), 181-187.

Moreland, J. J., Coxe, K. A., & Yang, J. (2018). Collegiate athletes' mental health services utilization: A systematic review of conceptualizations, operationalizations, facilitators, and barriers. Journal of sport and health science, 7(1), 58-69.

Morrissey, J. P., Domino, M. E., & Cuddeback, G. S. (2016). Expedited Medicaid enrollment, mental health service use, and criminal recidivism among released prisoners with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 67(8), 842-849.

Murray, N. A. (2018a). An examination of factors that affect the utilization of mental health services by adolescents Available from ProQuest Public Health. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/2093745898

Murray, N. A. (2018b). An examination of factors that affect the utilization of mental health services by adolescents Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7699

Nam, B., Wilcox, H. C., Hilimire, M., & DeVylder, J. E. (2018). Perceived Need for Care and Mental Health Service Utilization Among College Students with Suicidal Ideation. Journal of American College Health, 66(8), 713-719. doi:10.1080/07448481.2018.1434779

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division, H. a. M., Services, Board on Health Care & Disabilities, Committee on Health Care Utilization and Adults with. (2018). Health-care utilization as a proxy in disability determination.

Nelson, D. L., Kielhofner, G., & Taylor, R. R. (2017). Quantitative research designs: Defining variables and their relationships with one another. Research in occupational therapy: Methods of inquiry for enhancing practice, 244-273.

Ng, G., Ng, G., Mohamed, S., Mohamed, S., Sulaiman, A., Sulaiman, A., . . . Zainal, N. (2017). Anxiety and depression in cancer patients: The association with religiosity and religious coping. Journal of Religion and Health, 56(2), 575-590. doi:10.1007/s10943-016-0267-y

O'Brien, B., Shrestha, S., Stanley, M. A., Pargament, K. I., Cummings, J., Kunik, M. E., . . . Amspoker, A. B. (2019). Positive and negative religious coping as predictors of distress among minority older adults. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 34(1), 54-59. doi:10.1002/gps.4983

Orlowski, S., Lawn, S., Antezana, G., Venning, A., Winsall, M., Bidargaddi, N., & Matthews, B. (2016). A rural youth consumer perspective of technology to enhance face-to-face mental health services. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(10), 3066-3075.

Paika, V., Andreoulakis, E., Ntountoulaki, E., Papaioannou, D., Kotsis, K., Siafaka, V., . . . Hyphantis, T. (2017). The Greek-orthodox version of the brief religious coping (B-RCOPE) instrument: Psychometric properties in three samples and associations with mental disorders, suicidality, illness perceptions, and quality of life. Annals of General Psychiatry, 16(1), 13. doi:10.1186/s12991-017-0136-4

Patino, C. M., & Ferreira, J. C. (2018a). Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria in Research Studies: Definitions and why they Matter. Jornal Brasileiro De Pneumologia, 44(2), 84. doi:10.1590/s1806-37562018000000088

Patino, C. M., & Ferreira, J. C. (2018b). Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria in Research Studies: Definitions and why they Matter. Jornal Brasileiro De Pneumologia, 44(2), 84. doi:10.1590/s1806-37562018000000088

Paul, S., Corneau, S., Boozary, T., & Stergiopoulos, V. (2018). Coping and resilience among Ethnoracial Individuals Experiencing Homelessness and Mental Illness. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 64(2), 189-197. doi:10.1177/0020764017748986

Pearce, M. J., Medoff, D., Lawrence, R. E., & Dixon, L. (2017). Religious coping among adults caring for family members with serious mental illness. Community mental health journal, 52(2), 194-202.

Platt, L. F., Wolf, J. K., & Scheitle, C. P. (2018). Patterns of mental health care utilization among sexual orientation minority groups. Journal of Homosexuality, 65(2), 135-153. doi:10.1080/00918369.2017.1311552

Purwaningsih, P., Armini, N. K. A., & Susanti, S. (2017). Health believe model implementation on the analyze of family decision to visit the public health center. Jurnal Ners, 4(1), 68-78. doi:10.20473/jn. v4i1.5016

R Avella, J. (2016). Delphi panels: Research Design, Procedures, Advantages, and Challenges. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 11, 305-321. doi:10.28945/3561

Radmanović, M. B., & Burgić, S. (2017). Stigma and mental disorders in developmental age. Psychiatria Danubina, 29(Suppl 5), 906. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29283988

Rahman, M. S. (2017). The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches and Methods in Language" Testing and Assessment" Research: A Literature Review. Journal of Education and Learning, 6(1), 102-112.

Read, J., Harper, D., Tucker, I., & Kennedy, A. (2018). Do adult mental health services identify child abuse and neglect? A systematic review. International journal of mental health nursing, 27(1), 7-19.

Reardon, T., Harvey, K., Baranowska, M., O'Brien, D., Smith, L., & Creswell, C. (2017). What do parents perceive are the barriers and facilitators to accessing psychological treatment for mental health problems in children and adolescents? A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(6), 623-647. doi:10.1007/s00787-016-0930-6

Reynolds, K., Medved, M., Mackenzie, C. S., Funk, L. M., & Koven, L. (2020). Older Adults’ Narratives of Seeking Mental Health Treatment: Making Sense of Mental Health Challenges and “Muddling Through” to Care. Qualitative Health Research, 1049732320919094.

Rider, G. N., McMorris, B. J., Gower, A. L., Coleman, E., & Eisenberg, M. E. (2018). Health and care utilization of transgender and gender-nonconforming youth: A population-based study. Pediatrics, 141(3).

Russell, M. C., Schaubel, S. R., & Figley, C. R. (2018). The Darker Side of Military Mental Healthcare Part One: Understanding the Military’s Mental Health Dilemma. Psychological Injury and Law, 11(1), 22-36.

Salaheddin, K., & Mason, B. (2016). Identifying barriers to mental health help-seeking among young adults in the UK: a cross-sectional survey. British Journal of General Practice, 66(651), e686-e692.

Salami, B., Salma, J., & Hegadoren, K. (2019). Access and utilization of mental health services for immigrants and refugees: Perspectives of immigrant service providers. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 28(1), 152-161. doi:10.1111/inm.12512

Sampogna, G., Bakolis, I., Robinson, E., Corker, E., Pinfold, V., Thornicroft, G., & Henderson, C. (2017). Experience of the time to change programme in England as predictor of mental health service users' stigma coping strategies. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 26(5), 517-525. doi:10.1017/S204579601600041X

Sareen, J., Afifi, T. O., Taillieu, T., Cheung, K., Turner, S., Bolton, S. L., ... & Zamorski, M. A. (2016). Trends in suicidal behavior and use of mental health services in the Canadian military and civilian populations. CMAJ, 188(11), E261-E267.

Savela, T. (2018). The advantages and disadvantages of quantitative methods in schoolscape research. Linguistics and Education, 44, 31-44. doi: 10.1016/j.linged.2017.09.004

Saxon, L., Makhashvili, N., Chikovani, I., Seguin, M., McKee, M., Patel, V., . . . Roberts, B. (2017). Coping strategies and mental health outcomes of conflict-affected persons in the Republic of Georgia. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 26(3), 276-286. doi:10.1017/S2045796016000019

Schnyder, N., Panczak, R., Groth, N., & Schultze-Lutter, F. (2017). Association between mental health-related stigma and active help-seeking: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 210(4), 261-268. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.116.189464

Schwartz, S. B., Sanders, A. E., Lee, J. Y., & Divaris, K. (2019). Sexual orientation‐related oral health disparities in the united states. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 79(1), 18-24. doi:10.1111/jphd.12290

Silove, D., Ventevogel, P., & Rees, S. (2017). The contemporary refugee crisis: an overview of mental health challenges. World Psychiatry, 16(2), 130-139.

Smith, S., Gate, R., Ariyo, K., Saunders, R., Taylor, C., Bhui, K., ... & Barnett, P. (2020). Reasons behind the rising rate of involuntary admissions under the Mental Health Act (1983): service use and cost impact. International journal of law and psychiatry, 68, 101506.

Sontag-Padilla, L., Woodbridge, M. W., Mendelsohn, J., D'Amico, E. J., Osilla, K. C., Jaycox, L. H., . . . Stein, B. D. (2016). Factors affecting mental health service utilization among California public college and university students. Psychiatric Services, 67(8), 890-897. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201500307

Staiger, T., Waldmann, T., Rüsch, N., & Krumm, S. (2017). Barriers and facilitators of help-seeking among unemployed persons with mental health problems: a qualitative study. BMC health services research, 17(1), 39.

Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., & Joiner, T. E. (2018). Modifying mental health help-seeking stigma among undergraduates with untreated psychiatric disorders: A pilot randomized trial of a novel cognitive bias modification intervention. Behavior Research and Therapy, 103, 33-42. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.01.008

Stewart, G., Kamata, A., Miles, R., Grandoit, E., Mandelbaum, F., Quinn, C., & Rabin, L. (2019). Predicting mental health help seeking orientations among diverse undergraduates: An ordinal logistic regression analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 257, 271-280. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.058

Su, D., Irwin, J. A., Fisher, C., Ramos, A., Kelley, M., Mendoza, D. A. R., & Coleman, J. D. (2016). Mental health disparities within the LGBT population: A comparison between transgender and nontransgender individuals. Transgender Health, 1(1), 12-20.

Sulat, J. S., Prabandari, Y. S., Sanusi, R., Hapsari, E. D., & Santoso, B. (2018). The validity of health belief model variables in predicting behavioral change. Health Education, 118(6), 499-512. doi:10.1108/HE-05-2018-0027

Susanti, H., Lovell, K., & Mairs, H. (2019). Emotional reactions and coping strategies of careers of people with serious mental illnesses: A focus group study. Enfermeria Clinica, 29, 275-279. doi: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.033

Teich, J., Ali, M. M., Lynch, S., & Mutter, R. (2017). Utilization of mental health services by veterans living in rural areas. The Journal of Rural Health, 33(3), 297-304. doi:10.1111/jrh.12221

The National Council for Behavioral Health, (2018). New Study Reveals Lack of Access as Root Cause for Mental Health Crisis in America. Retrieved from https://www.thenationalcouncil.org/press-releases/new-study-reveals-lack-of-access-as-root-cause-for-mental-health-crisis-in-america/

Theofanidis, D., & Fountouki, A. (2018). Limitations and Delimitations in The Research Process. Perioperative Nursing, 7(3), 155-163.

Tran, L. D., & Ponce, N. A. (2017). Who gets needed mental health care? Use of mental health services among adults with mental health needs in California. Californian Journal of health promotion, 15(1), 36.

Vo, T. Q. (2018). Mental Disorders among College Students in Vietnam: Evidence for Improving Coping Strategies. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics (AJP): Free full text articles from Asian J Pharm, 12(01).

Vreeman, R. C., McCoy, B. M., & Lee, S. (2017). Mental health challenges among adolescents living with HIV. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 20, 21497.

Westermair, A. L., Schaich, A., Willenborg, B., Willenborg, C., Nitsche, S., Schunkert, H., . . . Schweiger, U. (2018). Utilization of mental health care, treatment patterns, and course of psychosocial functioning in northern German coronary artery disease patients with depressive and/or anxiety disorders. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 75. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00075

Westreich, D., Edwards, J. K., Lesko, C. R., Cole, S. R., & Stuart, E. A. (2019). Target validity and the hierarchy of study designs. American Journal of Epidemiology, 188(2), 438-443. doi:10.1093/aje/kwy228

Woloshyn, V., & Savage, M. (2018). Increasing teacher candidates’ mental health literacy and stress coping skills through an elective mental health and wellness course. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 1-15. doi:10.1080/13603116.2018.1497097

Wong, E., Wong, E., Collins, R., Collins, R., Cerully, J., Cerully, J., . . . Seelam, R. (2018). Effects of contact-based mental illness stigma reduction programs: Age, gender, and Asian, Latino, and white American differences. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53(3), 299-308. doi:10.1007/s00127-017-1459-9

Wong, E., Wong, E., Collins, R., Collins, R., Cerully, J., Cerully, J., . . . Seelam, R. (2018). Effects of Contact-Based Mental Illness Stigma Reduction Programs: Age, Gender, and Asian, Latino, and White American Differences. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53(3), 299-308. doi:10.1007/s00127-017-1459-9

World Health Organization (2017). Health Impact Assessment. National Academics press

Wu, J., dal Grande, E., Winefield, H., Broderick, D., Pilkington, R., gill, T. K., &Taylor, A. W. (2017). parent-reported mental health problems and mental health services use in south Australian school-aged children. AIMS public health, 3(4).

Xu, J., Wang, J., King, M., Liu, R., Yu, F., Xing, J., . . . Lu, M. (2018). Rural–urban disparities in the utilization of mental health inpatient services in china: The role of health insurance. International Journal of Health Economics and Management, 18(4), 377-393. doi:10.1007/s10754-018-9238-z

Zhang, Y., Chernaik, M., & Hallet, K. (2017). Relationship issues among college nursing students: Associations with stress, coping, sleep, and mental disorders. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 12(4), 246-252. doi: 10.1016/j.teln.2017.06.005

Criterion

*(Score = 0, 1, 2, or 3)

Learner Score

Chair Score

Methodologist Score

Content ExpertScore

QUALITY OF SOURCES & REFERENCE LIST

For every in-text citation a reference entry exists; conversely, for every reference list entry there is an in-text citation. Uses a range of references including founding theorists, peer-reviewed empirical research studies from scholarly journals, and government/foundation research reports. The majority of all references must be scholarly, topic-related sources published within the last 5 years. Websites, dictionaries, and publications without dates (n.d.) are not considered scholarly sources and should not be cited or present in the reference list. In-text citations and reference list must comply with APA 6th Ed.

Ensures that for every in-text citation a reference entry exists. Conversely, for every reference list entry there is a corresponding in-text citation. Note:The accuracy of citations and quality of sources must be verified by learner, chair and committee members.

X

X

Uses a range of references including founding theorists, peer-reviewed empirical research studies from scholarly journals, and government/foundation research reports.

Note:A minimum of 50 peer-reviewed, empirical research articles are required for the literature review.

X

X

Verifies that 75% of all references are scholarly sources within the last 5 years. The 5-year timeframe is referenced at the time of the proposal defense date and at the time of the dissertation defense date.

Note: Websites, dictionaries, publications without dates (n.d.), are not considered scholarly sources and should not be cited or present in reference list.

X

X

Avoids overuse of books and dissertations.

Books: Maximum of 10 scholarly books that present cutting edge views on a topic, are research based, or are seminal works.

Dissertations: Maximum of 5 published dissertations.

X

X

Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

X

X

*Score each requirement listed in the criteria table using the following scale:

0 = Item Not Present or Unacceptable. Substantial Revisions are Required.

1 = Item is Present. Does Not Meet Expectations. Revisions are Required.

2 = Item is Acceptable. Meets Expectations. Some Revisions May be Suggested or Required.

3 = Item Exceeds Expectations. No Revisions are Required.

Reviewer Comments: