Data Analysis of Select Statistical

Write 1 to 2 paragraphs providing a brief description and background of the identified problem and provide your one-sentence problem statement.

The primary objective of all healthcare institutions is to ensure that all populations get access to healthcare services in the safest means possible. However, this objective is not adequately achieved due to medical and surgical errors. At the medical surgical unit where I work, I have witnessed the facility allow incompetent surgeons to perform surgery on patients. The end result of such cases is serious injuries to the patient and sometimes death. Research indicates that in an annual basis, over 200 million surgeries occur, and out of these, there are cases of adverse events which jeopardize patient safety (Karunagaran, 2020). Most of these errors occur due to the dynamic nature of the healthcare industry, requiring all healthcare professionals to engage in continuous educate to update themselves of these changes. The problem is when surgeons inadequately perform surgery, the result can be serious injuries and even death for the patient.

3. Purpose Statement: The purpose of this Qualitative Content Analysis is to seek themes related to surgeon errors resulting in injury or death of the patient. I will seek themes from published literature and documents related to surgeon errors and patient injuries and/or death.

Provide a statement of the objectives of the study from Week 4’s assignment.

4. Research Question How does the medical literature define surgery errors resulting in injury or death of the patient?

State the proposed research question from Week 5’s assignment.

How does the medical literature define surgery errors resulting in injury or death of the patient?

Adverse events are those unintended injuries caused by medical personnel, which can constitute measurable disability (Alshaban et al., 2019). Therefore, surgical errors are classified as adverse events, and they are very frequent in clinical practice. Medical errors and adverse events constitute the third highest percentage of deaths globally, causing fatalities to over 170, 000 persons annually (CDC, 2017). The saddest part is that hospitals and other healthcare institutions are still allowing negligent and inexperienced surgeons to still practice. Sometimes, these medical and surgical errors do not occur due to negligence, but it could be due to fatigue and other psychological issues. According to Alshaban et al (2019), the attitude that surgeons have and their experiences in the medical field have an immense contribution to medical errors. This means that even before understanding medical errors, there is a need to look into the attitudes, behaviors, and experiences of the surgeons, as the best way to solve the medical problem. Qualitative research is mainly focused on studying events and phenomena in their natural settings without manipulating anything. Additionally, the qualitative content analysis design can effectively analyze verbal and written communications. This means that if I employ this type of research design, I will be able to communicate with the surgeons effectively through face to face mediums and written communication. Questionnaires can be utilized and effective analysis conducted. Additionally, I will be able to interview heads of institutions and understand why they still allow incompetent surgeons to practice despite the medical errors and fatalities caused by incompetence.

5. Methodology Qualitative

Provide a statement of the proposed method and briefly describe why the methodology is appropriate from Week 6’s assignment.

Today, evidence-based practice is the only accepted way in diagnosing and treating medical problems in nursing. Content analysis has also been used in the fields of epistemiology, and ontology in the analysis of content (Graneheim et al., 2017). Content analysis is classified in the qualitative research design. Qualitative research is particularly famous in nursing, as it can be used to understand complex paradigms in nursing, and eventually enhance an understanding in that topic, leading to positive healthcare, reforms, policies, and delivery (Smith et al., 2018). Qualitative research consists of the application of voluminous words, which are sometimes tedious and challenging to analyze. However, data collected in this form has high reliability and validity, as the researcher has not tampered with the results. Additionally, qualitative data gives a deeper insight into the medical issues in question leading to proper assessment and interpretation of language used (Rahman, 2020). Qualitative research does not involve the manipulation of variables, meaning that human experiences can effectively be understood especially in the most specific settings (Rahman, 2020). Moreover, when applying qualitative research, the researchers can use face to face communication, whereby they can effectively study the feelings, behaviors and perceptions of the participants, leading to a deeper understanding of the topic.

6. Design Content Analysis

Provide a statement of the proposed research design and why the design is appropriate from Week 7’s assignment.

With the content analysis will be researching about one hundred plus article and journal.

A research design is a type of framework, whereby a researcher combines research methods and research techniques to effectively and adequately study a research problem. Based on the problem statement of this study, that “when surgeons inadequately perform surgery, the result can be serious injuries and even death of the patient”, the content analysis research design is best suited for the study. The content analysis research design is a type of research tool used for majorly making inferences, after systematically identifying and analyzing the characteristics of messages and words from a given research undertaking (Assarroudi et al., 2018). Additionally, content analysis is majorly used in the analysis of written, visual and verbal communications. Content analysis can either take the form of qualitative and quantitative techniques to come up with solutions (Graneheim et al., 2017). Content analysis consists of three major subgroups, namely, the directed which uses deductive techniques, conventional which uses which is inductive in nature, or the summative approaches which utilizes both inductive and deductive methods (Assarroudi et al., 2018). The three subgroups are used in the analysis of data, to ensure accurate results. The inductive approach relies on looking at the patterns concerning a phenomenon (Graneheim et al., 2017). This means that the researcher’s main focus during the study will be on the similarities, and even the differences in the data collected. It also enhances a theoretical understanding of concepts. The deductive approach on the other hand will focus how specific theories and models affect the topic under discussion (Graneheim et al., 2017). In this case, the researcher will work from a complex phenomenon to a more general one. The summative approach will count and compare phenomenon like keywords, thereby interpreting them.

7. Framework: Conceptual framework

Describe the theoretical or conceptual framework for your proposed study from Week 8.

The conceptual framework for the international classification for patient safety is illustrated in ten significant divisions. This conceptual framework tends to offer an extensive comprehension of patient safety during a treatment process like surgery. It indicates frequent learning and enhancement cycles on the determination of risk, detection, prevention, system resilience, and recovery of incidents at every section of the framework (Carayon, Hancock, Leveson, Noy, Sznelwar & Van Hootegem, 2015). The high-level classes include Patient Outcomes, Contributing Factors, Mitigating Factors, Incident Type, and Actions Taken to Reduce Risk, Incident Characteristics, Detection, Patient Characteristics, Ameliorating Actions, and Organizational Outcomes.

8. Significance of the Study

Provide a statement of the significance or importance of your study: why the study is a unique approach to the problem to be investigated, potential benefit/benefactors from the proposed study, and the ways in which the study results might make an original contribution to your professional field.

This will improve the doctor’s practice by minimizing the risks associated with incidents due to lack of patient safety cautions. It fosters new ways of enhancing skills, knowledge, and attitude, therefore preparing internationally comparative doctors or surgeons in the future. It will again assist in the advancement of health care management and clinical leadership.

References

Alshaban, J. A., Kabbani, A. I., Mohammed, Z., Alyousef, A. S. B., Khalid, M., Alsbeey, R. M. A., ... & Alshammari, A. A. Disclosure of errors and adverse events in surgery; a cross-sectional survey of attitude and experience of surgeons in Saudi Arabia. Age, 25(30), 31-35.

Assarroudi, A., Heshmati Nabavi, F., Armat, M. R., Ebadi, A., & Vaismoradi, M. (2018). Directed qualitative content analysis: the description and elaboration of its underpinning methods and data analysis process. Journal of Research in Nursing, 23(1), 42-55.

Centers for Diseased Control and Prevention. (2021). Leading Causes of Death. National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved from < https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm>

Graneheim, U. H., Lindgren, B. M., & Lundman, B. (2017). Methodological challenges in qualitative content analysis: A discussion paper. Nurse education today, 56, 29-34.

Higham, H., & Baxendale, B. (2017). To err is human: use of simulation to enhance training and patient safety in anaesthesia. BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia, 119(suppl_1), i106-i114.

Karunagaran, M. D. (2020). A STUDY ON MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO REDUCE THE SURGICAL ERRORS.

Rahman, M. S. (2020). The advantages and disadvantages of using qualitative and quantitative approaches and methods in language “testing and assessment” research: A literature review.

Smith, G. D., Gelling, L., Haigh, C., Barnason, S., Allan, H. T., & Jackson, D. (2018). The position of reporting guidelines in qualitative nursing research. Journal of clinical nursing, 27(5-6), 889-891.

Carayon, P., Hancock, P., Leveson, N., Noy, I., Sznelwar, L., & Van Hootegem, G. (2015). Advancing a sociotechnical systems approach to workplace safety–developing the conceptual framework. Ergonomics, 58(4), 548-564.

Appendix A

Week 4

Based on faculty feedback I had made several changes to the problem statement. My first original problem statement was the problem is when surgeons are inept but still allowed to practice, the result can be enormous damage to the individual or even death. The faculty suggest changing the word inept because it sounds as if it is all surgeons. It was change to the problem is when some surgeons are allowed to practice, the result can be enormous damage to the individual or even death. Based on faculty it was still missing something. Change it again to what I have now the problem is when surgeons inadequate perform surgery, the result can be serious injuries and even death for the patient.

My purpose statement is aligned with my problem statement in a qualitive content analysis seeking themes of related to surgeons’ errors resulting in injury or death of the patient. I will seek themes from published literature and documents related to surgeon errors and patient injuries and/or death.

Appendix B

Week 5

Provide a summary of how your research question aligns with your study’s purpose.

Proposed research question: How does the medical literature define surgery errors resulting in injury or death of the patient? The research problem is when surgeons inadequately perform surgeries, the result can be serious injuries and even death for the patient. The study aims to showcase the problem through a qualitative approach using existing literature. Statistics indicate that negligence is responsible for a third of deaths in healthcare and outside healthcare facilities. These deaths occur due to incompetency from some surgeons because the instructor suggested changing the word inept to some since the problem is not rampant among all surgeons. The changes absolve competent surgeons from the blanket statement that all surgeons are inept, as exhibited in the first problem statement.

Biehn (2008) explores errors in surgical procedures as an aggregate of mistakes made by different players in an operational theatre. The problem question provides information that creates changes and policy decisions, especially in the recruitment of surgeons. One of the propositions extended as a solution is a refresher course for surgeons who have practiced for a long time. Catt (2010) develops on the work of Biehn (2008) by providing solutions to the ineptness of some surgeons, as illustrated by the research's problem statement. Catt (2010) focuses on safety culture, teamwork and communication. Communication would avert incompetency because surgeons who do not espouse competency in handling certain operations are duly exempted from the process to avoid injuries or even death. Also, a safe culture guarantees a patient's safety and the surgeon's safety since some of the materials and chemicals used could lead to injuries if used in the wrong way.

Copyright 2020 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2020 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.