Essay question
Qiu
EconWeek3.ppt元、明、清
(Yuan, Ming, and Qing)
- Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368)
- Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
- Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)
China and Japan
China and Japan
太平天国
Taiping Rebellion
(1851-1864)
洋务运动
Yang Wu Yun Dong
(Westernization Movement, 1861-1895)
Chinese ironclad battleship Dingyuan, the flagship of the Beiyang Fleet
Japan
- 戰國時代 Sengoku Period (1467-1615)
- 德川幕府 Tokugawa Shogun (1603-1868)
Tokugawa Class Structure
- 天皇 Emperor
- 征夷大將軍 Shogun (de facto ruler)
- 大名 Daimyo (feudal warlords)
- 武士 Samurai
- 農 Farmers
- 工 Artisans
- 商 Merchants
Edo Prosperity
- 鎖国 Seclusion Policy: ban of foreign trade
- Japan’s Population grew from 18 million to 26 million (1600-1725)
- 江户 Edo: the largest city in the world
- Wealth was concentrated in the hands of merchants
Matthew Perry and His Gunboats
(1853-1854)
明治维新
(Meiji Restoration)
- End of Seclusion: massive gold outflow from Japan
- Anti-Tokugawa War (1866-1868)
- 1868: imperial capital was relocated from Kyoto (京都) to Edo, renamed as Tokyo (東京)
富國强兵
Fokoku Kyohei
(Enrich the state, strengthen the military)
- Centralization of Political Power
- Modern Conscription System established (1873)
- 神道 Shinto: the emperor was the descendant of the Sun goddess
Japan’s 1889 Constitution
- The Empire of Japan shall be reigned over and governed by a line of Emperors unbroken for ages eternal
- Promised freedom of religion, speech, and association
- First Diet (imperial parliament) elected in 1890
- Emperor appointed the Prime Minister on the advice of genro (元老)
- Minister of Army and Navy had veto power
Japan’s Industrialization
- Government revenue was based on land taxes
- Government invested heavily in heavy industries
- Textiles was the leading export sector
- Workers were allowed to have only 2 days’ rest each month
- Women and child labor was not banned in mining before 1933
Sino-Japanese War, 1894-1895
马关条约
Treaty of Shimonoseki, 1895
- China agreed to pay Japan a war indemnity of 230 million taels of silver
- China recognized Korean independence
- China ceded Taiwan to Japan
戊戌变法
(1898 Reform)
- Emperor Guangxu 光绪皇帝 (1871-1908)
- Empress Dowagar 慈溪皇太后 (1835-1908)
- Yuan Shikai 袁世凯 (1859-1916)
义和团
Boxer Rebellion
辛丑条约
(1901 Treaty)
- China agreed to pay a war indemnity of 450 million taels of silver
- China was reduced to a “semi-colonial” peripheral member of the capitalist world system
