read papers and provide a report, and provide detailed answers for the questions
lizening
ECON321S2020Assignment3.docxECON 321 SPRING 2020 – INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT 3
TO BE SUBMITTED VIA COURSESPACES BY 11:59 PM ON FEBRUARY 4th, 2020
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TO SPEED UP MARKING, PLEASE ANSWER THE QUESTIONS IN THE FORMS AND SPACES PROVIDED. THE T.A. RESERVES THE RIGHT TO NOT MARK ANY QUESTIONS THAT ARE NOT ANSWERED IN THE EXPECTED LOCATIONS.
By submitting this assignment you agree to the following honor code, and understand that any violation of the honor code may lead to penalties including but not limited to a non-negotiable mark of zero on the assignment:
Honor Code: I guarantee that all the answers in this assignment are my own work. I have cited any outside sources that I used to create these answers in correct APA style.
Marking scheme – Make sure you answer all the questions before handing this in !
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1. [Reading] Read the following article:
Carter, S. (1999). “An Infamous Proposal:” Prairie Indian Reserve Land and Soldier Settlement after World War I. Manitoba History, 37, 9-21. Retrieved from http://drc.usask.ca/projects/gladue/view_record.php?table=resource&id=4&from=browse
Alternate link (web page format only, no pdf):
http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/mb_history/37/infamousproposal.shtml
a. (12 marks) Write a 3-2-1 report using the form on the ECON 321 Coursespaces page.
2. [Analysis] There’s an old saying that “history is written by the victors”. What survives as history is not always the same as what was experienced by those who lived through the events being chronicled. This is extremely important to keep in mind when reading articles about the history of Canada’s Indigenous people, as these are often written by non-Indigenous settlers with different priorities and points of view than the people they write about.
In this question, I will ask you to read two articles, both of which talk about agriculture on the Blood Indian reserve in Alberta shortly after World War I. One was written by a non-Indigenous American anthropologist who visited the Blood Reserve in 1939, and published her article in a peer-reviewed journal in 1943. The article by Dr. Sarah Carter which you were asked to read for question 1 says the following about the Blood Reserve in 1943:
“During and after World War II pressure was renewed to release Indian reserve land for non-Aboriginal Indian soldier settlement. A “reconnaissance inspection” was made of the Blood Reserve in Alberta in 1943 and it was recommended that the band could well afford to sell 22,000 acres leaving “ample room” for future expansion.” (Carter (1999), p. 20).
The second article was published in a newspaper in 1921. It was written by a non-Indigenous man who served as an Indian agent on Alberta’s Peigan and Blood reserves from 1898 to 1911, and who continued to live in the vicinity after resigning from his government post. He considered himself an ally of the Blood Indians and was alarmed at the government’s treatment of their land.
To access the first article, use the link below:
Goldfrank, E. (1943). Administrative Programs and Changes in Blood Society During the Reserve Period. Human Organization, 2(2), 18-23. Retrieved from https://sfaajournals-net.ezproxy.library.uvic.ca/doi/10.17730/humo.2.2.4300375160132wv1
You only need to read about a page of that article, though of course you are free to read the rest if you wish. For this question, please read from the heading ‘1910-1920.’, at the bottom of page 20, to the phrase “farming around 1910.”, near the bottom of page 21.
The second article has been provided for you as an additional file with this assignment.
a. (3 marks)[footnoteRef:1] According to the Goldfrank paper from 1943, what were the main reasons for the decline in agriculture on the Blood reserve from 1917 to 1921? In discussing the reasons for the decline of agriculture, your response should address the effects on 1. wheat farming, 2. horse and cattle raising, and 3. the income from those activities? [1: Phrasing for parts a. and b. was contributed by Alby BerticevicNicols, the TA for this course.]
b. (3 marks) According to the newspaper article from 1921, what were the main reasons for the decline in agriculture on the Blood reserve from 1917 to 1921? In discussing the reasons for the decline of agriculture, your response should address the effects on 1. wheat farming, 2. horse and cattle raising, and 3. the income from those activities?
c. (3 marks) On page 22 of her paper, Esther Goldfrank writes: “To understand the behavior of an individual and his treatment by others, it is necessary to ascertain not only his present status, but how that status was achieved.” Based on what you have read, and on your knowledge of ECON 321 material, what do you think explains the difference between the views of Esther Goldfrank and R. N. Wilson as to why and how agriculture declined on the Blood reserve from 1917 to 1921? That is, what explains the difference between your answer to part a. and your answer to part b.? (There is no single right answer to this question, but for full marks you must back up your argument with evidence from the readings, other 321 material, or your own appropriately cited research.)
3. [Critique] (This question was inspired by comments and information from Alby BerticevicNicols, the teaching assistant for this course, and by difficulties encountered by students in an earlier session of this course, related to researching Blackfoot marriage customs for their group project.)
As we’ve just seen in Question 2, different sources can differ significantly in their interpretations of the same event. Not all sources are equally reliable. In this question, you will be asked to assess the reliability of a source using a series of questions suggested by Royal Roads University[footnoteRef:2]. [2: Royal Roads University. (2020). Evaluate the resources you find [Web Page]. Retrieved from https://library.royalroads.ca/writing-centre/how-write-undergraduate-level-essay/learn-more-about-topic/evaluate-resources-you-fin ]
Consider the following hypothetical situation: Inspired by this assignment’s readings, your group has decided to write about the lives of Blackfoot women in Alberta from 1917 to 1921. You assign one of the group members to research Blackfoot marriage customs. They come back with the following information:
“I looked it up, and it turns out that Blackfoot men bought their wives from the wife’s family.”
This sounds strange to you, so you ask about the source. The group member who did the research assures you it’s a well-respected, peer-reviewed source, and provides the following citation:
Wissler, C. (1912). Social organization and ritualistic ceremonies of the Blackfoot Indians. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, VIII(1), 1-64. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/socialorganizat00wissgoog/page/n4
The relevant section is a short one: ‘MARRIAGE AND ITS OBLIGATIONS,’ from pages 9 to 11.
The author is Clark Wissler, who has his own Wikipedia page:
Clark David Wissler. (2016, July 6). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20170316180620/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Wissler
(Since Wikipedia entries are subject to change, I’ve linked a Waybackmachine snapshot of the page to make sure everyone is seeing the same entry.)
With this information, we’re now ready to evaluate this source, which will help us understand how much weight we should put on this one source’s claim that the Blackfoot purchased their brides. Before beginning, make sure you read ‘MARRIAGE AND ITS OBLIGATIONS’ (Wissler (1912), 9-11) and Wissler’s Wikipedia page as cited above.
Next stop: evaluating the Wissler Source[footnoteRef:3]. [3: The questions below are quoted directly from the Royal Roads source cited in Footnote 1.]
a. (2 marks) “Authority of the author - Who wrote the document and what credentials – educational or professional - make them an authority?”
b. (2 marks) “Authority of the publisher - Where was the document [originally] published? Was it in an academic journal, a mass-market magazine, an open website?”
c. (2 marks) “Purpose – Why was the document written and who is the intended audience? Is the intended purpose of the document to persuade you in one way or another, to report out on a study they did?” (Hint: You’ll find clues as to ‘purpose’ on Wissler’s Wikipedia page.)
d. (2 marks) “Content – How well does the resource address your topic? Are all sides of the issue represented?”
e. (4 marks) Another group member was skeptical about the “bride purchase” claim and did their own research. They found a modern source that wrote that “Plains men did not “purchase” brides as outsiders commonly assumed. The elderly Blackfoot informants to Ewers took great care to remind him that wives were not purchased; rather, they stressed the importance of the exchange of gifts in the marriage ceremony.”
That statement is from page 107 of a larger discussion of Blackfoot marriage customs, ranging from pages 107 – 114 and beyond, from the following:
Carter, S. (2008). The Importance of Being Monogamous: Marriage and Nation Building in Western Canada to 1915. Alberta: The University of Alberta Press and AU Press. Retrieved from http://www.aupress.ca/index.php/books/120144
(You can download the entire book in PDF form for free by clicking on ‘Free PDF’ on the tool bar below the image of the book, and then clicking on ‘Download the entire book’. Yes, it’s free, even though they’re also trying to sell you an ebook for $34.95.)
This book was written by the same Dr. Sarah Carter that wrote the article in Question 1. She is a professor at the University of Alberta: https://www.ualberta.ca/native-studies/about-us/contact-us-people/faculty/sarah-carter
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