Education Paraphrase Assignment

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ECEA 200 Child Guidance

Assignment 2

Online videos and suggested readings provide the information necessary to complete the assignments.

Purchase of the textbook in this course is mandatory. Page numbers listed are from the main textbook for this course.

· Textbook: The Whole Child: Developmental Education for the Early Years (10th Edition) Paperback – Mar 27, 2013, by Patricia Weissman (Author), Joanne Hendrick (Author). ISBN-10: 0132853426 ISBN-13: 978-0132853422

**You can always search the internet to understand the concepts presented at a deeper level. Please cite any sources that you use to answer any questions. Plagiarism is a serious issue. Please see the Student Handbook for more information. **

Grade	Criteria:
A 80% or above	Student shows an advanced understanding of the readings. Reflection and connection include theories, concepts, and/or strategies presented in the course materials to date. Viewpoints and interpretations are insightful and well supported. Clear, detailed examples are provided, as applicable.
B 70-79%	Student shows an understanding of the readings. Reflection and connection demonstrate a general understanding of the theories, concepts, and/or strategies presented in the course materials to date. Viewpoints and interpretations are supported. Appropriate examples are provided, as applicable.
C (pass) 60-69%	Student shows some understanding of the readings. Reflection and connection demonstrate a minimal reflection on, and personalization of, the theories, concepts, and/or strategies presented in the course materials to date. Viewpoints and interpretations are unsupported or supported with flawed arguments. Examples, when applicable, are not provided or are irrelevant to the assignment.
DNC -Did not complete course.	Student has not shown understanding of the readings. Reflection and connection demonstrate a lack of reflection on, or personalization of, the theories, concepts, and/or strategies presented in the course materials to date. Viewpoints and interpretations are missing, inappropriate, and/or unsupported. Examples, when applicable, are not provided.

Part 1 Think Deeper

1. Play is important for all people, but play is especially meaningful and important for young children. Play is a young child’s work, and they give a tremendous amount of energy and effort to it. If you doubt this, just watch for a few minutes as a 1-year-old struggles to get a ring on a color cone or stand in the background as a 3-year-old tries to fit a puzzle piece into the proper spot. Describe the importance of play below. (Page 62-66)

Purpose of play	What does this theory look like in practice? List the activity and the benefit for the child. Provide 2 examples for each
Play fosters physical development. · Sensorimotor skills · Fitness and health
Outdoor play connects children to nature and their environment. · Nature feels good and inspires · Children with disabilities
Play fosters intellectual development. · Symbolic thought · Acquisition of Information and Skills · Language development
Play promotes social development. · Pretend play: dramatic and sociodramatic · Games with rules
Play contains rich emotional values. · Expression of feelings · Relieves pressure · Mastery
Play develops the creative aspect of the child’s personality. · Imagination · Divergent thinking
Play is deeply satisfying to children.

2. Describe the developmental stages of play. (Page 67)

Stage of Play	Description
Piaget’s stages of play
Functional play
Constructive play
Dramatic play
Games with rules
Solitary play
Parallel play
Associative play
Cooperative play

3. Describe factors likely to facilitate creative play. (Page 70)

Factors likely to guide creative play	Describe what this theory looks like in the learning environment.
allow children's ideas to develop, and avoid dominating the play
teacher directed play
child initiated play with teacher support
teacher intervention in play

4. Positive interactions with teachers and with peers influence a child’s social and emotional, and academic development. Educators have a responsibility to provide meaningful, positive, and healthy care to children. Describe unhealthy attitudes that some teachers have that negatively impact children. (Page 90)

Unhealthy, negative teacher attitudes towards children	Describe what an educator can do to ensure their attitude, thinking and biases don’t negatively impact a child.
Lower expectations for minority students
Prejudice towards Muslims
Differences in behavior toward boys or girls

5. Can racist and sexist attitudes be changed? How? (Page 92)

6. Educators who engage children in culturally responsive educational experiences help to build a young child’s self-confidence and skills, increase children's awareness, appreciation, and inclusion of diverse beliefs and cultures, and maximize children's academic achievement and educational success.

According to Hendrick and Weiss “The purpose of a multicultural curriculum is to attach positive feelings to multicultural experiences so that each child will feel included and valued and will also feel friendly and respectful toward people from other ethnic and cultural groups. When you get right down to it, all the multiethnic pictures and recipes and books in the world will not make much difference if teachers, in their hearts, cannot appreciate the strong points of each child and family and help the other children appreciate them, too.”

a. Describe the principles of cross-cultural, non-sexist education? (Page 96)

b. How important is it to read children books that cover the attitudes in our society about diversity, power relationships among different groups of people, and various social identities (e.g., racial, ethnic, gender, economic class, sexual orientation, and disability)?

7. Educators need the knowledge and the ability to firstly recognize a child with diverse abilities and then support their growth.

a. What does deviation from typical development mean? (Page 121)

b. Why is the teacher considered a screening agent? (Page 123)

c. What is the role of the teacher in calling the difficulty to the family’s attention? (Page 124)

d. Is it the teacher’s place to diagnose? (Page 125)

e. How important is it to include children with special needs into a learning environment? (Page 126)

8. An IEP (Individual Education Plan) needs to be created for a child who has special needs. This is done by a team of professionals versed in development in which the child’s difficulties lie. (Page 127)

a. Who is on the team?

b. What happens during the conference?

c. What information is contained in the IEP?

d. What is the transdisciplinary approach? (Page 128)

9. Describe the ways ECEA’s welcome a child with special needs and their family into a childcare setting? (Page 129)

10. Preschoolers with special needs are members of our communities, programs, and families and it is our responsibility to provide high-quality, inclusive support and care for these children and their families. While these families often experience additional challenging situations and stressors, they have hopes, dreams, and goals for their children just like other families. You can positively impact families with a preschooler with a disability by empowering them with knowledge, empathizing with their feelings, and collaborating with other support professionals in their lives.

Complete the chart below describing general recommendations for working with children who have special needs. (Page 132)

What to do?	What this theory looks like in the learning environment?
See through the exceptional to the typical in every child
Try to steer a middle course, neither are over expecting
Be realistic
Keep regular records of the Child’s Development
Remain in constant contact with the family

11. Many children require extra support to be successful in a learning environment. This extra support is called “special education.” Children are eligible for special education if learning is impacted by a physical, cognitive, behavioral, or emotional condition. 

Describe atypical development that is frequently seen in childhood in the table below. (Page 134)

Atypical Behaviour	Description
Speech and hearing problems
Difficulties of Vision
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Childhood Asthma
Seizure Disorders
Sickle-Cell Anemia
Admitting Children who are HIV Positive to the School
Other Physical Problems
Identifying and Helping Children who have Emotional Problems
Autism Spectrum, Disorder (Page 144)
Identifying and Helping Children who have Delayed or Advanced Mental Ability
Children who are Intellectually Gifted (Page 147)

Part 2 Connect and Reflect

12. A developmental delay refers to a child who has not gained the developmental skills expected of him or her, compared to others of the same age. Delays may occur in the areas of motor function, speech, and language, cognitive, play, and social skills.

a. How would you include a child with developmental delays in a program? (Page 147)

b. How committed are you to including this child in an education setting? How important is inclusion?

Part 3 Theory into Practice

13. Pretend that you are ready to open your own learning Centre. List and describe in detail 5 activities that you would incorporate in your Centre. Describe 2 variations for each activity to further engage, motivate and develop mastery for each child. (Page 78)

Activity	Description	Suggest 2 Variations

14. How would you help to integrate a child with disabilities, such as blindness or developmental delays, into the children’s play? Give specific examples of what you might say and do. (Page 129)

15. During outside play time, Maria is moving from one activity to another. It seems every few minutes she is moving from one activity to another. She started off grabbing a ball for a few minutes and then dropped it. She then ran to the sand box and moved a toy truck for a minute. She saw Fernando playing on a tricycle and then ran to get the other tricycle. (Page 72-77)

a. How can you, the ECEA, intervene and extend her play so that she is more engaged and benefitting from the outdoor experience?

b. What would you say?

c. What would you do?

Edit: June 13, 2023