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Ebola Outbreak

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Ebola Outbreak

Ebola is deadly diseases that cause death of the infected people very fast and is transmitted among people easily caused Ebola outbreaks. According to “Center for Disease Control and Prevention” (2018), EVD (Ebola Virus Disease) was discovered in the year 1976 when ther were two consecutive outbreaks encountered in Central Africa (Qureshi, 2016. The first outbreak occurred in DRC Congo near Ebola River. The second outbreak was experienced in Southern Sudan. At first, the two incidents were considered to be related whereby health officers believed that the virus had been spread by a single person as they travelled from one region to the other. But later Scientists discovered the two outbreaks were caused by different genetic viruses that are the Zaire ebolavirus and the Sudan ebolavirus respectively. Scientists recognized the two viruses emanated from distinct sources and spread among the people in the areas independently (Aurelie et al., 2018).

Epidemiologic and Viral data suggest that the Ebola virus exited before the experience of the outbreaks. The hosts of this virus were animals whereby there are those animals that die of the disease and spread the virus to other animals. The outbreaks of the disease are believed to be facilitated by the increased population growth, direct interaction between people and wildlife and the encroachment of the forested areas. The virus is spread from the host to another person or animal through intermediate host. Scientists have been studying the African frit bat to identify it role in the spread of Ebola virus. In a study conducted recently it revealed that the sample bats studied contained Bombali virus in Sierra Leone (Aurelie et al., 2018). In addition, Reston ebolavirus was also discovered in monkeys which had been imported from Philippines to the United States of America. Scientists discovered that the virus was transmitted through the air, although this is not significant the cause of Ebola outbreaks in human beings (House, 2014).

Since the disease was discovered, there have been reported various cases of Ebola outbreaks. Most of the incidents have occurred in Africa. Between 2014 and 2016, Ebola outbreak was reported in West Africa whereby it started in Southeastern region of Guinea and spread to other urban areas as well as over borders within a few weeks leading to a global epidemic within some months (Laverack, n.d). The spread of the disease is enabled by traveling people from on region to another. Ebola Virus diseases have not only been discovered in Africa but also in other areas such as United Kingdom which occurred in 2014 Italy, Spain and United States. However, most of the incident in these areas is connected to a people who had travelled from West Africa region.

Ebola disease virus is transmitted from one person to another, animal to animal transmission or containment difficulties. Ebola disease virus identified to be transmitted through the use of contaminated syringes and needles. In the first outbreaks in DRC Congo, nurse in Yambuku mission hospitals were reported to have used five syringes to about 600 people per day. Close contact with Ebola virus infected blood, improper nursing techniques and reused of needles that are contaminated where the source if transmission of the virus among the people leading to Ebola outbreak (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018).

Ebola Outbreak of 2014-2015 in West Africa occurred to the healths workers and the people whereby the health workers represented 3.9 percent of the infected population (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018). Health workers were held accountable for the spread of 25 percent of infection and 74 percent among family members (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018). Scientist discovered that direct contamination of a death body infected with EVD was the most dangerous active and effective means of transmitting Ebola virus in the community. Health workers and scientists recognized that chance in behavior of people during burial and mourning was necessary so as to critically control the spread of the epidemic. Ebola Disease is caused by four viruses categorized in genus ebolavirus. Ebola Virus is considered to be one of the responsible species of West Africa epidemic (Hampton, 2015). Since the discovery of 1976 outbreaks occurred in DRC Congo and Sudan, the virus has been identified from time to time in Central Africa Region. However, the most recent Outbreaks in guinea demonstrated that it might have been imported to the region rather than the initially identified in the area. There is need for studies about the Ebola virus so as to determine whether there is another species that has been imported to this region (Qureshi, 2016).

The epidemic of Ebola disease virus can be contained and control through various strategies so as to prevent transmission of the virus. Health officer have been creating community awareness so that the people can be aware of the risk factors leading to infection of Ebola and protective measures taken by individuals. People are advised to avoid contact with infected persons or dead bodies so that they do not contain the virus. During the outbreaks, overcrowded areas are avoided such as schools whereby there are shut down to avails the spread of the disease among the students. People are also advised to avoid sharing of shape objects among the family members and in hospitals (Laverack, n.d). People are restricted from traveling from the area without medical approval of their health status. Most of the countries also restrict people from travelling from the infected countries into their nation so as to prevent the spread of the disease among the nations. Surveillance as well as contact tracing are also applied in the preventing the spread of the disease. Health officers are advised to conscious carry outs surveillance so that they can identify cases of Ebola as soon as possible and accurately diagnosed before they spread to other people. When a person is identified to posed symptoms of Ebola they are kept in close contact and tracking for a period of 21 days (Qureshi, 2016).

There is not existing Ebola virus treatment currently. However, health officer have identified strategies if improving the chances of the pain surviving. Ebola symptom s begins from 2 days to 21 days after contains the virus. The problem begins with symptoms such as feeling tired, muscles, fever, and joint pains. Later on, the person begins to experience headache, abdominal pains and nausea. Currently, 17,000 people have survived the infection in West Africa (Hampton, 2015).

References

Aurelie, K. K., Guy, M. M., Bona, N. F., Charles, K. M., Mawupemor, A. P., & Shixue, L. (2018). A Historical Review of Ebola Outbreaks.  Advances in Ebola Control.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). History of Ebola Virus Disease. Retrieved October 2018, 2018, from Center for Disease Control and Prevention: https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/history/summaries.html

Hampton, T. (2015). Study Reveals Consistent Ebola Virus Mutation Rate Between Outbreaks.  JAMA,  313(17), 1703.

House, T. (2014). Correction: Epidemiological dynamics of Ebola outbreaks.  eLife,  3.

Laverack, G. (n.d.). The global Ebola virus disease response.  Health Promotion in Disease Outbreaks and Health Emergencies, 81-96.

Qureshi, A. I. (2016). Most Recent Outbreaks 2014.  Ebola Virus Disease, 67-73.