history

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Early Christian & Byzantine

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The Mediterranean world in Late Antiquity

The Mediter ranean world in Late Antiquity.

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Interior of the synagogue, Dura-Europos, Syria,with wall paintings of Old Testament themes, ca.245–256.Tempera on plaster.

Reconstruction in National Museum, Damascus.

Samuel anoints David, detail of the mural paintings in the syna-gogue, Dura-Europos, Syria, ca. 245–256.

Tempera on plaster, 47 high.

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Restored cutaway view of the Christian community house, Dura-Europos, Syria, ca. 240–256 (John Burge).

(1) former courtyard of private house, (2) meeting hall, (3) baptistery.

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Ark of the Covenant and two menorahs, painted wall in a Jewish catacomb, Villa Torlonia, Rome, Italy, third

century. Fresco, 3’ 11” high.

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Cubiculum N, Via Dino Compagni Catacomb, Via

Latina, Rome, Italy, ca. 320–360.

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The Good Shepherd, the story of Jonah,and orants, painted ceiling of a cubiculum in the Catacomb of Saints Peter and

Marcellinus, Rome, Italy, early fourth century.

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Sarcophagus with philosopher, orant, and Old and New Testament scenes, ca. 270. Marble, 1’ 111/4” x 7’2”. Santa Maria Antiqua, Rome.

Cubiculum Leonis, Catacomb of Commodilla, Via Ostiense, Rome, Italy, ca. 370–385.

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Christ as the Good Shepherd, ca. 300–350. Marble, 3’ 1/4" high. Musei Vaticani, Rome.

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Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, from Rome, Italy, ca. 359. Marble, 3’ 10 ½” x 8’. Museo Storico del Tesoro

della Basilica di San Pietro, Rome.

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Christ seated, from Civita Latina, Italy, ca. 350–375. Marble, 2’ 41/2” high. Museo Nazionale Romano–Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Rome.

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Restored cutaway view (top) and plan (bottom) of Old Saint Peter’s, Rome, Italy, begun ca. 319 (John Burge). (1) nave, (2) aisle, (3) apse, (4) transept, (5) narthex, (6) atrium.

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Interior of Santa Costanza, Rome, Italy, ca. 337–351.

16 Plan of Santa Costanza, Rome, Italy, ca. 337–351.

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Detail of vault mosaic in the ambulatory of Santa Costanza, Rome, Italy, ca. 337–351.

Christ as Sol Invictus, detail of the mosaic in the vault of the Mausoleum of the Julii (tomb M), Vatican Necropolis, Rome,

Italy, late third century. 18

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Interior of Santa Sabina, Rome, Italy, 422–432.

Exterior of Santa Sabina (looking west), Rome, Italy, 422-432

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Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy, ca. 425.

Interior of the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia (looking south), Ravenna, Italy, ca. 425.

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Christ as the Good Shepherd, mosaic from the entrance (north) wall of the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy, ca. 425.

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The Byzantine Empire ca. 565

The Byzantine Empire at the death of Justinian in 565.

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Justinian as world conqueror (Barberini Ivory),

mid-sixth century. Ivory, 1’ 1 1/2” X 10 1/2”. Louvre, Paris.

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ANTHEMIUS OF TRALLES and ISIDORUS OF MILETUS, aerial view of Hagia Sophia, Constantinople (Istanbul),

Turkey, 532–537.

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ANTHEMIUS OF TRALLES and

ISIDORUS OF MILETUS, plan (top) and

restored cutaway view (bottom) of Hagia

Sophia, Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey,

532-537 (John Burge).

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ANTHEMIUS OF TRALLES

and ISIDORUS OF MILETUS,

interior of Hagia Sophia

(looking southwest),

Constantinople (Istanbul),

Turkey, 532–537.

Dome on pendentives (left) and on squinches (right).

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Aerial view of San Vitale

(looking northwest), Ravenna,

Italy, 526–547.

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Plan of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, 526–547.

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Interior of San Vitale (looking west from the apse), Ravenna, Italy, 526–547.

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Choir and apse of San Vitale (looking east) with mosaic of Christ

between two angels, Saint Vitalis, and Bishop Ecclesius, Ravenna, Italy,

526–547.

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Justinian, Bishop Maximianus, and attendants, mosaic on the north wall of the apse, San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, ca. 547.

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Theodora and attendants, mosaic on the south wall of the apse, San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, ca. 547.

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Saint Apollinaris amid

sheep, apse mosaic,

Sant’Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna, Italy, ca. 533-549.

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Transfiguration of Jesus, apse mosaic, Church of the Virgin, monastery of Saint Catherine, Mount Sinai, Egypt, ca. 548 –565.

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Rebecca and Eliezer at the well, folio 7 recto

of the Vienna Genesis, early sixth century.

Tempera, gold, and silver on purple vellum,

approx. 1’ 1/4” X 9 1/4”. Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna.

The story of Jacob, folio 12 verso of the

Vienna Genesis, early sixth century. Tempera,

gold, and silver on purple vellum, 1’ 1 1/4" X 9 1/4". Österreichische Nationalbibliothek,

Vienna.

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Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore

and George, icon, sixth or early seventh century.

Encaustic on wood, 2’ 3” X 1’ 7 3/8”. Monastery of Saint Catherine, Mount Sinai, Egypt.

Christ blessing, icon, Monastery of Saint Catherine,

Mount Sinai, Egypt, sixth century. Encaustic on

wood, 2’ 9” X 1’ 6”.

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Virgin (Theotokos) and Child enthroned, apse mosaic,

Hagia Sophia, Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey,

dedicated 867.

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Interior of the Church of the Dormition (looking into the dome), Daphni, Greece, ca. 1090-1100

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Christ as Pantokrator, dome mosaic in the

Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece,

ca. 1090–1100.

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Crucifixion, mosaic in the Church of the

Dormition, Daphni, Greece, ca. 1090–1100.

Christ between Constantine IX Monomachus and the empress Zoe, mosaic on the east wall of the south

gallery, Hagia Sophia, Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey, ca. 1028-1035 46

Interior (looking east) of Saint Sophia, Kiev, Ukraine, begun 1037.

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Interior of Saint Mark’s (looking east), Venice, Italy, begun 1063.

Empress Irene, detail of the Pala d’Oro, Saint Mark’s, Venice, Italy, ca. 1105. Gold cloisonné inlaid with precious stones, 7” X 4 1/2".

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Interior (looking west) of the Cappella Palatina, Palermo, Italy, begun 1142.

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Pantokrator, Theotokos and Child, angels, and saints, apse mosaic

in the cathedral at Monreale, (Sicily) Italy, ca. 1180–1190.