Sociology

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“IN HER SHOES…”

VICTIMS & PERPETRATORS

Anyone can be a victim or a perpetrator of domestic violence

Violence

  •  1. What do you believe causes a person to use violence?
  •  2. Where did/do you get your messages condoning the use of violence?
  •  3. Where did/do you get your messages encouraging non-violence?
  •  4. Name several types of violence.
  •  5. What are you willing to do, personally, to stop violence in your life/community?

THE THREE HIGHEST BATTERING PROFESSIONS

  • What do you think are the three highest battering professions?

POLICE

LOS ANGELES POLICE DEPARTMENT POSTER

DOCTORS

MINISTERS

WHAT DO THEY HAVE IN COMMON?

  • Police, Doctors, Ministers:
  • Authority
  • Don’t question them
  • Male dominated professions

with strict gender roles

GENDER ROLES

  • Expected behaviors we learn from agents of socialization and our culture
  • Types of gender roles: Traditional/bipolar gender roles - males and females are seen as opposites, ascribe traits to one gender but not the other; EXAMPLES?
  • Contemporary gender roles – more flexible, gender more likely to be seen as a continuum, not a dichotomous trait; EXAMPLES?

WHAT DOMESTIC VIOLENCE LOOKS LIKE

THE FACE

THE EYES

THE BACK

THE LEGS & ARMS

FRONT & BACK OF THE KNEE

EVEN THE FEET

  • Common because you can’t see it…

Connie Culp, Shotgun to the Face by Her Husband (spent 7 years in prison), She became 1st Face Transplant Patient in U.S.

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/30586321/

AND SOMETIMES DOMESTIC VIOLENCE LOOKS LIKE THIS

BUT, SOMETIMES DOMESTIC VIOLENCE JUST LOOKS LIKE THIS

  • You just can’t tell…

WHAT IS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE?

  • Domestic violence is any type of abusive behavior by one partner that attempts to gain and maintain power and control over the other.

  • Domestic violence can take many forms including physical violence, sexual assault, emotional abuse or social or financial control. Abuse does not have to be physical or sexual to be domestic violence.

POWER & CONTROL WHEEL

LGBT RELATIONSHIPS AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

  • Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered people also suffer from domestic violence at the same rates as heterosexual relationships

ABOUT LBGT DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

  • While same-sex battering mirrors heterosexual battering both in type and prevalence, its victims receive fewer protections.

  • Many shelters routinely deny their services to victims of same-sex battering.

ABOUT DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

  • Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to women, exceeding injuries caused by muggings, stranger rape and car accidents combined.
  • In the U.S. a woman is battered every 15 seconds.
  • Domestic violence kills 4,000 women each year in the U.S.
  • 55,000 U.S. casualties of the Viet Nam War…
  • During the same time 51,000 women were killed by their spouses/partners.

DEMOGRAPHICS AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

  • Victims and abusers are found in every social and economic class, race, religious group, and sexual orientation.
  • Factors such as poverty, single-parent households headed by women, and parents with less than a high school education were found to be more common among families suffering abuse.

GENDER ROLES AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

  • But adherence to strict gender roles seems to be particularly correlated with domestic violence
  • Think of traits assigned to each gender:
  • aggressiveness/passivity,
  • independence/dependence,
  • leader/follower,
  • strong/weak,
  • do not show emotion (except anger)/show emotion
  • In control/power…

CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES NOT LIKELY TO REPORT

  • Accept inequality (ADHERENCE TO STRICT BIPOLAR GENDER ROLES -men stronger than women; men should have more economic power; adults are more powerful than children)
  • Believe in private nature of the family (don’t tell and don’t get help)
  • “Real man” image (believe aggressive male behavior and male authority are acceptable)

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN MILITARY FAMILIES


WHY WOMEN RETURN –
Many reasons related to gender roles)

  • Low self esteem
  • Economic dependence
  • Fear of harm
  • Alcohol and drugs
  • Family, social, religious pressure

WHY WOMEN RETURN CONTINUED

  • Their children need a father
  • Love
  • Duty and responsibility
  • Psychological problems
  • Belief in the American dream (S. Coontz, Ideal Family)
  • Learned helplessness (L. Walker)

WHY WOMEN RETURN CONTINUED

  • Fear of loss of social status
  • Don’t define/label behavior as abusive
  • Not enough shelters


WHY MEN BATTER – Many reasons also related to gender roles

  • Low self esteem
  • Witnessed domestic violence as a small boy
  • No consequences for violence
  • To gain control
  • Learned violence works

to achieve power

WHY MEN BATTER CONTINUED

  • Blame alcohol/drugs

  • Don’t define behavior as abusive
  • Psychological problems
  • Other men accept it
  • Male socialization devalues girls/women
  • Holding rigid bipolar gender roles

CYCLE OF VIOLENCE

MORE ABOUT TEEN DATING VIOLENCE

  • 1 in 3 teenagers report knowing a friend or peer who has been hit, punched, kicked, slapped, choked or physically hurt by their partner.
  • 1 in 5 teenage girls said a boyfriend had threatened violence or self-harm if presented with a break-up.
  • 1 in 4 teenage girls reveal they have been pressured to perform oral sex or engage in intercourse.
  • 55% of teenage girls in a relationship endure repeated verbal abuse.

HISTORY OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE LAWS

  • British common law once allowed a man to "chastise" his wife with "any reasonable instrument.“
  • In the U.S., throughout the 1800s, state laws and cultural practices continued to support a man's right to discipline his wife. In fact, it wasn't until 1895 that a woman could even divorce her husband on grounds of abuse.
  • In 1994, the Violence Against Women Act was adopted.
  • This act encouraged research into domestic abuse and generated the legal and financial support for law enforcement and social services to protect battered women.
  • OJ Simpson, June 1994

OJ Simpson
June 1994

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE LAWS IN NEW JERSEY

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE COURT PROCEDURES IN N.J.

EFFECTS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE – ON THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

  • Violence increases a woman's long-term risk of a number of health problems including:
  • Chronic pain in any organ, physical disability, drug and alcohol abuse and depression.
  • Increased risk for STDs, unintended pregnancy & adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  • The management of chronic illness becomes difficult.

 

  Lost productivity and earnings due to intimate partner violence accounts for almost  $1.8 billion each year.
  Intimate partner violence victims lose nearly 8.0 million days of paid work each year - the equivalent of more than 32,000 full-time jobs and nearly 5.6 million days of household productivity.

EFFECTS ON THE WORKPLACE

  • Workplace problems such as absenteeism, lower productivity, turnover and excessive use of medical benefits are due to family violence
  • Being harassed while at work by their abuser  
  • Being late to work; leave work early, missing work
  • Lost productivity and earnings

WARNING SIGNS

  • They come from a family with a history of domestic violence
  • Extreme mood swings
  • Abuse alcohol or use drugs
  • Play with weapons
  • Do they think poorly of themselves
  • Sense of entitlement

WARNING SIGNS CONTINUED

  • Jealous of same and opposite sex friends
  • Treat you roughly
  • Expect you to follow orders
  • Do you fear them when they become angry

WARNING SIGN

  • Particularly nice and much gift giving during courting phase


ULTLIMATE WARNING SIGN
Strict/rigid traditional/bipolar gender roles

But, Most Importantly - WHAT WE CAN DO

  • Learn about domestic violence
  • Raise/socialize our sons and daughters differently, especially about gender roles
  • Educate professionals – police, doctors, clergy
  • Support shelters

CENTER FOR HOPE AND SAFETY
BERGEN COUNTY, NJ

STRENGTHEN OUR SISTERS,
PASSAIC COUNTY, NJ

WOMENRISING, HUDSON COUNTY, NJ

ALTERNATIVES TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE (ADV), HACKENSACK, NJ

JOE TORRE SAFE AT HOME FOUNDATION

  • http://www.joetorre.org/

NO EXCUSE FOR ABUSE WRISTBANDS, HUNTERDON COUNTY, NJ

If Men Walk in Her Shoes Like This…

AND THIS…

AND THIS…

THIS COULD BE THE RESULT