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Designing the User Interface:

Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction

Fifth Edition

Ben Shneiderman & Catherine Plaisant

in collaboration with
Maxine S. Cohen and Steven M. Jacobs

CHAPTER 9:
Collaboration and Social Media Participation

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Characteristics and examples of collaboration and social media participation

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Collaboration

Goals of Cooperation

Focused partnerships

Lecture or demo

Conference

Structured work processes

Meeting and decision support

Electronic commerce

Tele-democracy

On-line communities

Collaboratories

Telepresence

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Time/space matrix model of group-supported work

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Asynchronous distributed interfaces:
Different place, different time

Electronic mail:

can be too loosely structured

sometimes overwhelming

transient

tools

filtering

archiving

mailing lists

discussion groups

typically text-only, but increasingly includes other structured objects

graphics

sounds

animations

web pointers

video

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Asynchronous distributed interfaces:
Different place, different time (cont.)

Electronic mail (cont.):

Email on mobile devices

Online directories

Web services with E-mail

E.g. Hotmail, and Yahoo! Mail

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E-mail message on an iPhone

Google’s web-based email (Gmail)

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Asynchronous distributed interfaces:
Different place, different time (cont.)

Newsgroups, listservers, discussion boards, conferences, social media participation web sites, blogs, and wikis

focused electronic discussions by group of people

USENET newsgroups

each group dedicated (more or less) to one topic

like ordered posting on bulletin board

users read as many previous notes and related comments as they wish

open to all

listserv

individual must subscribe to receive e-mail notices

may be moderated by a leader

may be mail reflector

users can get flooded with listserv e-mails

server machine keeps searchable archive or past notes and subscriber list

online conference

in addition to listserv tools, may also include additional facilities

voting

online directories of users

online directories of documents

online magazines and newsletters

Web-logs/blogs and wikis

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Asynchronous distributed interfaces:
Different place, different time (cont.)

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Asynchronous distributed interfaces:
Different place, different time (cont.)

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Asynchronous distributed interfaces:
Different place, different time (cont.)

Online and networked communities

Group identity

Patient support groups

Impact on offline communities

Community policies & freedom of speech

Network communities can be controversial

hackers

hate groups

para-military groups

Distance education courses

Reputation managers for online stores

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Asynchronous distributed interfaces:
Different place, different time (cont.)

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Bob’s ACL Kneeboard, a threaded discussion board for people who have suffered tears of the anterior cruciate ligaments in their knees. (http://factotem.org/cgi-bin/kneebbs.pl)

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Asynchronous distributed interfaces:
Different place, different time (cont.)

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Starting screen for a virtual classroom example from the

Los Angeles County Office of Education

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Asynchronous distributed interfaces:
Different place, different time (cont.)

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Visualization of the communication pattern of an “answer person” on the left, and a “discussion person” on the right (Welser et al).

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Synchronous distributed interfaces:
Different place, same time

Synchronous distributed applications

group editing

shared screens for customer assistance

give demonstrations simultaneously at multiple sites

allow sharing of information for various applications

interactive games

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Synchronous distributed interfaces:
Different place, same time (cont.)

Chat, instant messaging, and texting

CHAT, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), and TALK

Flamers

MUDs

Instant Messaging

LOL etc.

Twitter

Texting and cell phones

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Synchronous distributed interfaces:
Different place, same time (cont.)

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Parental control system to oversee children’s online activities

(http://www.sentryparentalcontrols.com/)

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Synchronous distributed interfaces:
Different place, same time (cont.)

Audio and video conferencing

videoconferencing

slow response times for entering and leaving session

distracting background audio

difficulty in determining who is speaking

inadequate lighting

difficulty in making eye contact

changed social status

small image size

potential invasion of privacy

need for convenient turn taking

need for document sharing

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Synchronous distributed interfaces:
Different place, same time (cont.)

Audio and video conferencing (cont.)

issues of ownership and control

private and public workspaces

identity of participants

location of actions

care with updating

Whether audio or video conferencing is more appealing than chat, IM, and texting, or more effective than asynchronous text, depends on the goals and the task environment

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Face-to-face interfaces:
Same place, same time

Innovative approaches to work and learning include:

Shared display from lecturer workstation

Audience response units

Text-submission workstations

Brainstorming, voting, and ranking. Benefits of electronic meeting systems:

Parallel communication promotes broader input into the meeting process and reduces the chance that a few people dominate the meeting.

Anonymity mitigates evaluation apprehension and conformance pressure, so that issues are discussed more candidly.

The group memory constructed by participants enables them to pause and reflect on information and opinions of others during the meeting and serves as a permanent record of what occurred.

Process structure helps focus the group on key issues and discourages irrelevant digressions and unproductive behaviors.

Task support and structure provides information and approaches to analyze it.

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Face-to-face interfaces:
Same place, same time (cont.)

File sharing

Shared workspace

Group activities

Colab and Liveboard

SMART Board

Public spaces facilitate sharing

Sharing photos is very popular

Notification systems

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Face-to-face interfaces:
Same place, same time (cont.)

Electronic classrooms

Active individual learning experiences include using software during class time to:

Write essays in English or poems in a foreign language

Find antecedents of Impressionism in an art history library of 9000 images

Run business simulations to increase product quality

Perform psychological statistical analyses

Do landscaping with computer-assisted design and graphics packages

Compose computer programs and search the Internet

Small teams and large teams
Changes teaching style

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Face-to-face interfaces:
Same place, same time (cont.)

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Students in an online classroom. Activity is monitored by color: speech in yellow, hand

motion in red, body motion in green. Under each student is a timeline of their individual

activity and at the bottom is an activity picture (using the colors) of the class (Chen)

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Face-to-face interfaces:
Same place, same time (cont.)

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Modulor II is a time-dependent architectural work of art in which participants create

new patterns daily by collaboratively weaving colored strings

through an interactive labyrinth of luminous poles (Halkia and Local)

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Questions for consideration

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