Disssertation Proposal

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DrPolkrev2prospectusJuly32019.docx

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Dissertation Prospectus

The impact Impact of Monetary Policies on Price Stability in Nigeria 1963-2015.

Submitted by

Michael K Saale

05/31/2019

Dr. Derrick Tennial

7/3/19: RKP: Hi Michael. Very good work on the revisions. I have determined you understand the research process and have sufficient knowledge base and alignment to move forward to the proposal. Make sure any comments provided here are also addressed in the proposal. Basically, there is still a continued need to understand the analysis but that isn’t something learned overnight. Too, the analysis doesn’t appear to match how the RQs are framed. So continue to work on these. Nice discussion on study’s and their years ranges as that works toward justification of your study number of years. Overall, you have made significant progress. Congratulations on reaching this important milestone.

6/5/19: RKP: Hi Michael. Nice to meet you. Interesting study. It appears I will learn a lot about economic indicators during our journey together. While a very nice start, there is need to clarify, define and expand some sections. My reaching out for some clarity on sample size since you have a finite sample lead to a minor revision of the problem statement (apply to purpose and RQs as needed) and questions about the unit of observation. Give you only have 52 years and 4 variables (normal sample size would be +114), how are you going to address this when it comes to test assumptions? Will you have enough data to get a decent effect size and possible significance? what are the implications of a small sample size in QT regression analysis? Those are all concerns you must not only take into account but must be prepared to defend.

· questions that arose when reached out to other methodologists for clarity: For example, is the analysis about YEARS? Are YEARS the unit of observation? For example, take the variable LIQUIDITY RATIO. Are the raw data the value for this variable for each of the years in the study? If so, then n = 52, the number of data years, right?

Writing: there appears to be good sentence and paragraph structure. As you continue and especially when moving to the prospectus ensure you have synthesis evident, remembering synthesis is more than just multiple authors in the same paragraph. Also begin to introduce some critical thought. Formatting of looks good but some errors in formatting appear in references.

Throughout the document you will see comments, questions and resources. Please review carefully. Also provided below is an alignment document so you can see the alignment (or lack thereof) visually. Also ensure you follow the required revision protocol listed below. Reach out to me via course email or schedule a zoom if you have questions or need comment clarification.

Scores on the rubric saying the section meets expectations does not mean the section is complete and all elements of the section are addressed. There may be need for further revision based on comments. Ensure you review comments for missing criteria and for improving the narrative to meet the criteria.

Alignment Checklist:

Gap: There is a gap in the literature relative to other monetary policies that may be a predictor of Nigeria’s growth. The aim of this study is to examine to what extent monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply predict consumer price index. Imoisi, (2018) claimed there is an existing gap in the literature relative to the effectiveness of monetary policies. Inam and Ime (2017) recommended further research to understand if the predicative relationship between the actual level of money supply and price stability. Lawal, Somoye, Babajide, and Nwanji, (2018) further specified a detailed study should be conducted showing the variations and interactions between monetary and fiscal policies and how they predict price stability in Nigeria.

Theory/conceptual framework: monetary theory of inflation

Problem Statement: It is not known if and to what extent economic indicators other than interest rates, specifically monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply, predict consumer price index in Nigeria

Purpose Statement: The purpose of this quantitative correlational study is to examine if and to what extent economic indicators other than interest rates, specificlaly monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply, predict consumer price index in Nigeria from 1963 to 2015

RQs:

RQ1: To what extent does monetary policy rate (MPR) predicts consumer price index (CPI) in Nigeria.

RQ 2: To what extent does cash reserve ratio (CRR) predict consumer price index (CPI) in Nigeria?

RQ 3: To what extent does liquidity ratio (LQR) predict consumer price index (CPI) in Nigeria?

RQ 4: To what extent does money supply (MS) predict consumer price index (CPI) in Nigeria?

Methodology/design: QT correlational

Instruments/data sources: Knoema Integrated Global Data

Analysis plan: linear regression

Revision Protocol:

Please use the following when revising your document. Doing so will help reduce the amount of time for review and keep moving you forward more quickly.

1. Please use track changes to address revisions but please i delete formatting and extraneous tracking (bubbles due to you highlighting, deleting, adding, etc.) so document is less messy.  DO NOT remove any of my comments-- bubble or in criterion tables.

2. Comment directly in my bubbles when you have addressed a comment, or you have a question, but do not add a new bubble. 

The Prospectus Overview and Instructions

The prospectus is brief document that serves as a road map for the dissertation. It provides the essential framework to guide the development of the dissertation proposal. The prospectus builds on the 10 Strategic Points (shown in Appendix A) and should be no longer than 6-10 pages, excluding the criteria tables and the appendices. The prospectus will be expanded to become the dissertation proposal (Chapters 1, 2 and 3 of the dissertation), which will, in turn, be expanded to become the complete dissertation (Chapters 1-5). In short, the prospectus is a plan for the proposal. Prior to developing the prospectus, the 10 Strategic points should be reviewed with the chair and committee to ensure the points are aligned and form a clear, defined, and doable study. The10 Strategic Points should be included in Appendix A of this prospectus document.

It is important to ensure the prospectus is well written from the very first draft. The most important consideration when writing the prospectus is using the required criteria specified in the criterion table below each section and writing specifically to each criterion! Also critical is for learners to follow standard paragraph structure: (1) contains a topic sentence defining the focus of the paragraph, (2) discusses only that single topic, (3) contains three to five sentences, and (4) includes a transition sentence to the next paragraph or section. The sentences should also be structurally correct, short, and focused. Throughout the dissertation process, learners are expected to always produce a well-written document as committee members and peer reviewers will not edit writing. If prospectus it is not well written, reviewers may reject the document and require the learner to address writing issues before they will review it again. Remove this page and the sample criterion table below upon submission for review.

Prospectus Instructions:

1. Read the entire Prospectus Template to understand the requirements for writing your prospectus. Each section contains a narrative overview of what should be included in the section and a table with required criteria for each section. WRITE TO THE CRITERIA, as they will be used to assess the prospectus for overall quality and feasibility of your proposed research study.

2. As you draft each section, delete the narrative instructions and insert your work related to that section. Use the criterion table for each section to ensure that you address the requirements for that particular section. Do not delete/remove the criterion table as this is used by you and your committee to evaluate your prospectus.

3. Prior to submitting your prospectus for review by your chair or methodologist, use the criteria table for each section to complete a realistic self-evaluation, inserting what you believe is your score for each listed criterion into the Learner Self-Evaluation column. This is an exercise in self-evaluation and critical reflection, and to ensure that you completed all sections, addressing all required criteria for that section.

4. The scoring for the criteria ranges from a 0-3 as defined below. Complete a realistic and thoughtful evaluation of your work. Your chair and methodologist will also use the criterion tables to evaluate your work.

5. Your Prospectus should be no longer than 6-10 pages when the tables are deleted.

Score

Assessment

0

Item Not Present

1

Item is Present. Does Not Meet Expectations. Revisions are Required: Not all components are present. Large gaps are present in the components that leave the reader with significant questions. All items scored at 1 must be addressed by learner per reviewer comments.

2

Item is Acceptable. Meets Expectations. Some Revisions May Be Required Now or in the Future. Component is present and adequate. Small gaps are present that leave the reader with questions. Any item scored at 2 must be addressed by the learner per the reviewer comments.

3

Item Exceeds Expectations. No Revisions Required. Component is addressed clearly and comprehensively. No gaps are present that leave the reader with questions. No changes required.

Dissertation Prospectus

Introduction

Monetary policies promote price stability and economic growth in Nigeria. Ajayi and Aluko (2017) stated monetary policy is primarily concerned with the management of interest rates and the regulation of money supply in the economy. Imoisi (2019) claimed most nations use interest rates to achieve price stability, and Nigeria’s goal is to achieve sustainable economic growth. Okwori and Abu (2017) added economic growth causes variations in interest rates. Ayodeji and Oluwole (2018) revealed interest rates had a positive but slightly insignificant effect on economic growth in Nigeria. Furthermore, Ufoeze, Odimgbe, Ezeabalisi and Alajekwu’s (2018) research clearly showed interest rates effects 98% of the variations in economic growth in Nigeria. Interest rates have shown to significantly effect Nigeria’s economy; however, other monetary policies may be a predictor of Nigeria’s economic growth.

There is a gap in the literature relative to other monetary policies that may be a predictor of Nigeria’s growth. The aim of this study is to examine to what extent monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply predict consumer price index. Imoisi (2018) claimed there is an existing gap in the literature relative to the effectiveness of monetary policies. Inam and Ime (2017) recommended further research to understand if the predicative relationship between the actual level of money supply and price stability. Lawal, Somoye, Babajide, and Nwanji, (2018) further specified a detailed study should be conducted showing the variations and interactions between monetary and fiscal policies and how they predict price stability in Nigeria. This study seeks to examine if and to what extent economic indicators other than interest rates, specifically monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply, predict consumer price index in Nigeria.

Criteria

Learner Self-Evaluation Score

(0-3)

Chair Evaluation Score

(0-3)

Reviewer Score

(0-3)

Introduction

This section briefly overviews the research focus or problem, why this study is worth conducting, and how this study will be completed.

The recommended length for this section is two to three paragraphs.

1. Dissertation topic is introduced along with why the study is needed.

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2. Provides a summary of results from the prior empirical research on the topic.

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3. Using results, societal needs, recommendations for further study, or needs identified in three to five research studies (primarily from the last three years), the learner identifies the stated need, called a gap.

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4. Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

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NOTE: This Introduction section elaborates on the Topic from the 10 Strategic Points . This Introduction section provides the foundation for the Introduction section in Chapter 1 of the Proposal.

Reviewer Comments:

Background of the Problem

Price instability is a problem for developing countries. Manu (2018) stated price instability is the main problem for Africa and Nigeria during the past thirty years. Studies conducted by Gertler and Gilchrist (1991), Batini (2004), Folawewo and Osinubi (2006), Onyemu (2012), and Fasanya et al. (2013) noted irrespective of efforts aimed at achieving macroeconomics objectives by means of monetary policy, there has been an unacceptable rate of inflation, especially in less developed economies. Nigeria is not an exception to this rule.

Nigeria is an oil rich nation plagued with price instability. Ayodeji and Oluwole (2018) stated monetary policy is the tool used in achieving monetary and price stability. Itodo, Akadiri and Ekundayo (2017) stated price instability tops the list of economic challenges negatively affecting the Nigerian economic environment. Imoisi (2019) added price instability causes the problem of unmanageable economic growth and development in Nigeria. Ayodeji and Oluwole (2018) stated that the Nigerian economy has also witnessed periods of growth and shrinkage with an unmanageable growth pattern. Imoisi (2018) stated monetary policy if targeted directly towards inflation stimulates growth directly. Nevertheless, the issue of whether monetary policy effectively curtails price instability is still unsolved.

There is a gap in the literature relative to other monetary policies that may be a predictor of Nigeria’s growth. The aim of this study is to examine to what extent monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply predict consumer price index. Imoisi (2018) analyzed how monetary policies promoted economic growth in Nigeria from 1980-2017. The result showed approximately 62% of gross domestic product (GDP) is explained by variables monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply. Imoisi concluded monetary policies did not have a significant impact on Nigeria’s economic growth in the short run but significantly affected the country’s growth in the long run. Imoisi (2018) claimed there is an existing gap in the literature relative to the effectiveness of monetary policies. Ubi-Abai and Ekere (2018) analyzed the effects of fiscal and monetary policies on economic growth in a panel of 47 sub-Saharan African economies from 1996 to 2016. The findings showed that fiscal and monetary policies affected economic growth positively in the sub-region. Ubi-Abail and Ekere stated it is not clear how other monetary policies strategies effectively curtails price instability in the sub-Saharan region and therefore recommended future research examine this problem. Lawal, Somoye, Babajide, and Nwanji, (2018) examined the impact of the interactions between fiscal and monetary policies on stock market behavior (ASI) and the impact of the volatility of these interactions on the Nigerian stock market. The study analyzed monthly data using the ARDL and EGARCH models. The results show the interaction between monetary and fiscal policies influence on stock market returns in Nigeria. The ARDL results show evidence of long run relationship between stock market behavior (ASI) and Monetary-fiscal policies. The results from the volatility estimates showed the stock market behavior (ASI) volatility is largely sensitive to volatility in the interactions between the two policy instruments. Future research was recommended to examine the relationship between monetary policies and price variations in the Nigerian economy. This study seeks to examine if and to what extent economic indicators other than interest rates, specifically monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply, predict consumer price index in Nigeria. Comment by Roselyn Polk: both are really good because it ssupports smaller sample size.

Criteria

Learner Self-Evaluation Score

(0-3)

Chair or Score

(0-3)

Reviewer Score

(0-3)

Background of the Problem

This section uses the literature to provide the reader with a definition and statement of the research gap and problem the study will address. This section further presents a brief historical perspective of when the problem started and how it has evolved over time.

The recommended length for this section is two-three paragraphs.

1. Includes a brief discussion demonstrating how literature has established the gap and a clear statement informing the reader of the gap.

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2. Discusses how the “need” or “defined gap” has evolved historically into the current problem or opportunity to be addressed by the proposed study (citing seminal and/or current research).

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3. ALIGNMENT: The problem statement for the dissertation will be developed from and justified by the “need” or “defined gap” that is described in this section and supported by the empirical research literature published within the past 3-5 years.

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4. Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

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NOTE: This Background of the Problem section uses information from the Literature Review in the 10 Strategic Points . This Background of the Problem section becomes the Background of the Study in Note, this section develops the foundation for Chapter 1 in the Proposal. It is then expanded to develop the comprehensive Background to the Problem section and Identification of the GAP sections in Chapter 2 (Literature Review) in the Proposal .

Reviewer Comments:

Theoretical Foundations and Review of the Literature/Themes

The theoretical foundation for this research is on monetary theory of inflation. This theory states change in money supply is the major reason for changes in economic activities. When monetary theory is put into practice, central banks, which control monetary policy, can exercise a great deal of power over economic growth rates. Monetarism refers to the followers of M. Friedman who hold that “Only money matters” and as such, monetary policy is a more potent instrument instruments than fiscal policy in economic stabilization. Monetary theory states that According to Friedman (1963), money supply is the key factor affecting the wellbeing of the economy. According to Ahuja (2011), monetarists argue that money has significant effect on price level or inflation in the economy in the long run and have real effects on output and employment in the short run. According to Khabo, (2002), monetarists believe “money matters” and therefore there is a direct link between monetary sector and the real sector of the economy. Friedman (1963) equally argued that changes in money supply will therefore have both direct and indirect effect on spending and investment respectively since money supply is substitutive not just for bonds but also for many goods and services.

Review of the literature/themes.

Price stability. Imoisi (2018) mentioned Central banks must focus on price stability as the primary objective of monetary policy.

Monetary policy rate. Nwamuo (2018) stated monetary policy rates moderate consumer prices, credit expansion, exchange rates and other variables.

Liquidity Ratio. Itodo, Akadiri and Ekundayo (2017) emphasized the importance of closely monitoring liquidity because liquidity ratio significantly impacts the economy.

Cash Reserve Ratio. Udeh (2015) stated cash ratio is effective for curtailing excess liquidity in the economy and can be easily monitored daily since they are held by Central Bank of Nigeria.

Money Supply. Ibrahim (2019) mentioned targeting money supply growth is considered an appropriate method of targeting inflation in the Nigerian economy.

Criteria

Learner Self-Evaluation Score

(0-3)

Chair or Score

(0-3)

Reviewer Score

(0-3)

Theoretical Foundations and/or Conceptual Framework

This section identifies the theory(s) or model(s) that provide the foundation for the research. This section should present the theory(s) or models(s) and explain how the problem under investigation relates to the theory or model. The theory(s) or models(s) guide the research questions and justify what is being measured (variables) as well as how those variables are related (quantitative) or the phenomena being investigated (qualitative).

Review of the Literature/Themes

This section provides a broad, balanced overview of the existing literature related to the proposed research topic. It describes the literature in related topic areas and its relevance to the proposed research topic findings, providing a short 3-4 sentence description of each theme and identifies its relevance to the research problem supporting it with at least two citations from the empirical literature from the past 3-5 years.

The recommended length for this section is 1 paragraph for Theoretical Foundations and a bulleted list for Literature Themes section.

1. Theoretical Foundations section identifies the theory(s), model(s) relevant to the variables (quantitative study) or phenomenon (qualitative study). This section should explain how the study topic or problem coming out of the “need” or “defined gap” in the as described in the Background to the Problem section relates to the theory(s) or model(s) presented in this section. (One paragraph)

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2. Review of the Literature Themes section: This section is a bulleted list of the major themes or topics related to the research topic. Each theme or topic should have a one-two sentence summary.

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3. ALIGNMENT: The Theoretical Foundations models and theories need to be related to and support the problem statement or study topic. The sections in the Review of the Literature are topical areas needed to understand the various aspects of the phenomenon (qualitative) or variables/groups (quantitative) being studied; to select the design needed to address the Problem Statement; to select surveys or instruments to collect information on variables/groups; to define the population and sample for the study; to describe components or factors that comprise the phenomenon; to describe key topics related to the study topic, etc.

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4. Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

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NOTE: The two parts of this section use information about the Literature Review and Theoretical Foundations/Conceptual Framework from the 10 Strategic Points.

This Theoretical Foundations section is expanded upon to become the Theoretical Foundations section in Chapter 2 (Literature Review). The Theoretical Foundations and the Literature Review sections are also used to help create the Advancing Scientific Knowledge / Review of the Literature section in Chapter 2 (Literature Review).

Reviewer Comments:

Problem Statement

It is not known if and to what extent economic indicators other than interest rates, specifically monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply predict consumer price index in Nigeria. The population affected is the Nigerian economy. The unit of analysis is annual time series data measuring the Nigerian economy. This study would contribute to existing knowledge on monetary policies and how these policies predicts price stability in Nigeria. Ayodeji and Oluwole (2018) stated the Nigerian economy has experienced economic expansions and depressions with an inconsistent growth. Nigeria suffers from poor monetary policies that continuously keeps Nigerian citizenry underprivileged. This study will be of great importance to scholars, policy makers, economists, governmental agencies seeking to understand and examine economic policies in developing countries that experience inconsistent growth due to economic expansions and depressions.

Criteria

Learner Self-Evaluation Score

(0-3)

Chair or Score

(0-3)

Reviewer Score

(0-3)

Problem Statement

This section includes the problem statement, the population affected, and how the study will contribute to solving the problem.

The recommended length for this section is one paragraph.

1. States the specific problem proposed for research with a clear declarative statement.

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Describes the population of interest affected by the problem. The general population refers to all individuals that could be affected by the study problem.

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Describes the unit of analysis.

For qualitative studies this describes how the phenomenon will be studied. This can be individuals, group, or organization under study.

For quantitative studies, the unit of analysis needs to be defined in terms of the variable structure (conceptual, operational, and measurement).

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Discusses the importance, scope, or opportunity for the problem and the importance of addressing the problem.

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The problem statement is developed based on the need or gap defined in the Background to the Study section.

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Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

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NOTE: This section elaborates on the Problem Statement from the 10 Strategic Points. This section becomes the foundation for the Problem Statement section in Chapter 1 and other Chapters where appropriate in the Proposal.

Reviewer Comments:

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this quantitative correlational study is to examine if and to what extent economic indicators other than interest rates, specifically monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply predict consumer price index in Nigeria from 1963 to 2015. The predictor variables are monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio and money supply. The criterion variable is consumer price index.

Criteria

Learner Self-Evaluation Score

(0-3)

Chair or Score

(0-3)

Reviewer Score

(0-3)

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

This section reflects what the study is about, connecting the problem statement, methodology & research design, target population, variables/phenomena, and geographic location.

The recommended length for this section is one paragraph.

1. Begins with one sentence that identifies the research methodology and design, target population, variables (quantitative) or phenomena (qualitative) to be studied and geographic location.

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Quantitative Studies: Defines the variables and relationship of variables.

Qualitative Studies: Describes the nature of the phenomena to be explored.

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Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

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NOTE: This section elaborates on information in the Purpose Statement from the 10 Strategic Points. This section becomes the foundation for the Purpose of the Study section in Chapter 1 and other Chapters where appropriate in the Proposal.

Reviewer Comments:

Research Questions and/or Hypotheses Comment by Roselyn Polk: Question: you have 4 RQs and they are set up for simple tests, not regression. A regression would be one RQ wouldn’t it? you don’t appear to be interested in the relationship among the variables, rather the relationship between consumer price index and each individual variable according to the RQs.two things: in the proposal make sure you place null and hypothesis under the related DQ, not separately, and 2) address the elements below. 1) Present each variable in a list format and providethe following information for each one:· Variable measurement: ordinal, categorical, nominal or continuous· Conceptual definition—cited with literature· Operational definition—how measured 2) What is the unit of analysis and unit of observation for the studyThis YouTube variable is very informative (3.32 minutes)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLhbRUOvrt0&t=28s

RQ1: To what extent does monetary policy rate (MPR) predicts consumer price index (CPI) in Nigeria.

RQ 2: To what extent does cash reserve ratio (CRR) predict consumer price index (CPI) in Nigeria?

RQ 3: To what extent does liquidity ratio (LQR) predict consumer price index (CPI) in Nigeria?

RQ 4: To what extent does money supply (MS) predict consumer price index (CPI) in Nigeria?

H01: Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) does not predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

H1: Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) predicts Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

H02: Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) does not predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

H2: Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) predicts Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

H03: Liquidity Ratio (LQR) does not predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

H3: Liquidity Ratio (LQR) predicts Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

H4: Money Supply does not predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

H04: Money Supply (MS) predicts Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

Criteria

Learner Self-Evaluation Score

(0-3)

Chair Score

(0-3)

Reviewer Score

(0-3)

Research Question(s) and/or Hypotheses

· The recommendation is a minimum of two research questions along with related hypotheses and variables is required for a quantitative study.

· Also recommended is a minimum of two research questions along with the phenomenon description is required for a qualitative study.

· Put the Research Questions in the appropriate Table in Appendix B based on whether the study is qualitative or quantitative.

The recommended length for this section is a list of research questions and associated hypotheses (quantitative)

1. Qualitative Studies: States the research question(s) the study will answer and describes the phenomenon to be studied.

Quantitative Studies: States the research questions the study will answer, identifies and describes the variables, and states the hypotheses (predictive statements) using the format appropriate for the specific design and statistical analysis.

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Alignment: The research questions are based on both the Problem Statement and Theoretical Foundation model(s) or theory(s). There should be no research questions that are not clearly aligned to the Problem Statement.

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Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

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NOTE: This section elaborates on the information about Research Questions) & Hypothesis/variables or Phenomena from the 10 Strategic Points . This section becomes the foundation for the Research Question(s) and/or Hypotheses section in Chapter 1 in the Proposal .

Reviewer Comments:

Advancing Scientific Knowledge and Significance of the Study

There is a gap in the literature relative to other monetary policies that may be a predictor of Nigeria’s growth (Imosi, 2018; Ubi-Abai & Ekere, 2018; Lawal, Somoye, Babajide, & Nwanji, Iman & Ime (2017). Nyoni and Bonga (2018) stated attention should be focused on the main determinants of economic growth. This study will seek to close the gap in literature by examine examining if and to what extent economic indicators other than interest rates, specifically monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply predict consumer price index in Nigeria.

This study will add to current literature on economic indicators other than interest rates, specifically monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply predict consumer price index in Nigeria. According to Adigwe and Onyeagba (2015), one problem that militate against the effectiveness of the monetary policy in achieving stability in Nigeria is lack of coordination between the monetary and other macroeconomic policies in the country. Understanding how economic indicators other than interest rates, specifically monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply predict consumer price index in Nigeria may lead to policy makers, economists, and governmental agencies to practices to create economic stability in Nigeria and other developing countries.

This study will add to the monetary theory of inflation. According to Friedman (1963), change in money supply is the major reason for changes in economic activities. When monetary theory is put into practice, central banks, which control monetary policy, can exercise a great deal of power over economic growth rates. According to Ibrahim (2019), effective monetary policy implementation should combine money supply while controlling and manipulating monetary policy instruments such as short-term interest rate and lending rates. This study seeks to examine if and to what extent economic indicators other than interest rates, specifically monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply predict consumer price index in Nigeria. Comment by Roselyn Polk: this is redundant. said it at the beginning. once is sufficient

Criteria

Learner Self-Evaluation Score

(0-3)

Chair Score

(0-3)

Reviewer Score

(0-3)

ADVANCING SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE and SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Comment by Roselyn Polk: Begin this section by clearly identifying the gap (a single cohesive supported sentence) and how the proposed study will fill the gap or need for research in this area and what this study will contribute to the literature. Then move to the next item in the criteria table. Citations required.This section is about the ‘value’ of your study. What it contributes to the gap and literature, practical value  and theory. While you need citations to back up the contribution, this section unlike the background isnot a literature review in the traditional sense.RESOURCE:The significance can be a bit difficult to understand, especially when it comes to how it differs from the purpose. In the significance, one is trying to convince the reader the research is worth doing. Significance is defined as 'the quality of being worthy of attention; importance. So why is this study important. For example, the significance may address questions such as why the research is important? What does the research contribute and how might this research be used by others in the field to better understand the phenomenon under study?As you consider the significance, does it contribute to resolving or better understanding an theoretical questions for the topic area? What is the practical implications of the study--that is how might researchers, professionals, and others use the information to positively impact lives, jobs in a particular area, the way people live or think? With that in mind, below is a link to information that may assist you with better understanding what it means to discuss the significance of the proposed research. You can also Goggle for others. https://www.reference.com/education/write-significance-study-1465a0b33b6b33e3?aq=significance+of+the+study&qo=cdpArticles

This section reiterates the gap or need in the literature and states how the study will address the gap or need and how the research will contribute to the literature, practical implications to the community of interest, and alignment with the program of study.

The recommended length for this section is one to two paragraphs, providing a brief synopsis of each criteria listed below which will be expanded in the proposal.

1. Clearly identifies the “gap” or “need” in the literature that was used to define the problem statement and develop the research questions. (citations required)

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Describes how the study will address the “gap” or “identified need” defined in the literature and contribute to /advance the body of literature. (citations required)

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Describes the potential practical applications from the research. (citations required)

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Identifies and connects the theory(ies) or model(s) that provide the theoretical foundations or conceptual frameworks for the study. (citations required)

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Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

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NOTE: This section builds on information about the Literature review and Theoretical Foundations sections in the 10 Strategic Points. This section becomes the foundation for the Theoretical Foundations section in Chapter 2

Reviewer Comments:

Rationale for Methodology Comment by Roselyn Polk: suggest reading Yilmaz (2013) for more in-depth understanding.One approach to this section for discussing the methodology is to discuss:describe what it means to engage in QL (or QT) methodology in research. Is it about the words, experiences and perceptions--the how, why or what? Or does the choice have to do with what extent if any (a relationship, difference, etc) exists, numbers, and large sample sizes?why it was chosen from a scholarly research perspective—what is QL (or QT) main purpose/goal; strengths;provide 2-3 specific research studies on the same topic as you are investigating that has used this methodology successfully (2-3 is sufficient with 1-2 sentences each). How does the QL (QT) best fit your data? Then discuss qualitative (QT); again strengths weaknesses and why it doesn’t fit the data and overall study. This discussion will strengthen and further support your choiceScholarly citations required.

This study will utilize a quantitative methodology. According to Smith (1983), quantitative research uses numerical data to provide information about variables relative to relations, comparisons, and predictions. Hagan (2014) stated quantitative research enables researchers to analyze different groups, perform statistical test, and analyze differences between groups. Quantitative research attempts to remove the investigator from the investigation. This methodology is appropriate because this study will use numerical data to examine the variables of monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio and money supply and consumer price index.

Criteria

Learner Self-Evaluation Score

(0-3)

Chair or Score

(0-3)

Reviewer Score

(0-3)

Rationale for Methodology

The Rationale for Methodology section clearly justifies the methodology the researcher plans to use for conducting the study. It argues how the methodological choice (quantitative or qualitative) is the best approach to answer the research questions and address the problem statement. Finally, it contains citations from textbooks and articles on research methodology and/or articles on related studies to provide evidence to support the argument for the selected methodology.

The recommended length for this section is one paragraph.

1. Identifies the specific research methodology for the study.

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2

2

Justifies the methodology to be used for the study by discussing why it is an appropriate approach for answering the research question(s) and addressing the problem statement.

Quantitative Studies: Justify in terms of problem statement and the variables for which data will be collected.

Qualitative Studies: Justify in terms of problem statement and phenomenon.

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2

2

Uses citations from seminal (authoritative) sources (textbooks and/or empirical research literature) to justify the selected methodology. Note: Introductory or survey research textbooks (such as Creswell) are not considered seminal sources.

2

2

2

Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

2

2

2

NOTE: This section elaborates on the Methodology and Design in the 10 Strategic Points. This section becomes the foundation for the Research Methodology in Chapter 1 of the Proposal and the basis for developing Chapter 3, Research Methodology.

Reviewer Comments:

Nature of the Research Design for the Study Comment by Michael Saale: Identify the research design. Give a definition of the design using scholarly literature. Use the definition you provide to explain why correlational design is appropriate for your study.

This quantitative research will utilize a correlational research design. According to Smith (1983), a correlational research design collects data on two or more variables in a research study. Smith further explained correlational design is appropriate when seeking to understand a non-causal relationship between two or more non manipulated variables. More specifically, this study will use a correlational predictive design to identify predictive relationship between predictor and criterion variables. This design is appropriate because this study seeks to examine the relationship between non-causal variables relative to what extent economic indicators other than interest rates, specifically monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply predict consumer price index in Nigeria. Comment by Roselyn Polk: not much discussion on correlational design.

The target population is Nigerian annual data. The sample is 52 years of annual data measuring monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply ranging from 1963 to 2015. The data was not collected prior to 1963 because no data on these variables existed prior to 1963. The annual data used in this study would be retrieved from Knoema Integrated Global Database. Comment by Roselyn Polk: while before I noted the use of 4 variables so needed larger sample size. however, you demonstrated in introduction/background similar research with finite number of years.

Criterion Score

Learner Self-Evaluation Score

(0-3)

Chair or Score

(0-3)

Reviewer Score

(0-3)

Nature of the Research Design for the Study

This section describes the specific research design to answer the research questions and why this approach was selected. Here, the learner discusses why the selected design is the best design to address the problem statement and research questions as compared to other designs. This section contains a description of the research sample being studied, as well as, the process that will be used to collect the data on the sample.

The recommended length for this section is two to three paragraphs and must address each criterion.

1. Identifies and describes the selected design for the study.

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2

2

Justifies why the selected design addresses the problem statement and research questions.

Quantitative Studies: Justifies the selected design based on the appropriateness of the design to address the research questions and data for each variable.

Qualitative Studies: Justifies the selected design based on appropriateness of design to address research questions and study the phenomenon.

2

2

2

Briefly describes the target population and sample for the study. Comment by Roselyn Polk: Example of how to describe these different aspects of the population:GP: The general population for this study will be all health care workers including supervisors and managers who currently work in a primary care position within the US.TP: The target population will be comprised of health care team members including supervisors and managers from a large metropolitan health care provider in the upper Midwest US.Sample: The sample will consist of 10-12 randomly selected mental health workers from the primary care unit of Chicago Medical Center.

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Identifies the sources and instruments that will be used to collect data needed to answer the research questions.

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Briefly describes data collection procedures to collect data on the sample.

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Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

2

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NOTE: This section also elaborates on the Design portion of the Methodology and Design section in the 10 Strategic Points . This section provides the foundation for Nature of the Research Design for the Study in Chapter 1.

Reviewer Comments:

Instrumentation

Data will be collected from the Knoema Integrated Global Data. Knoema Integrated Global Data is the largest repository of Public data containing over 500 databases and 150 million collections of data on attribute values over time. The database is user friendly for individuals and organizations to discover, visualize, model and present data alongside the world’s data. Knoema includes government data from industrial nations, national public data from developing nations, data from the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Health Organization, and many other global corporations and UN organizations. This study will utilize annual data from Knoema Integrated Global data on Nigeria’s monetary policy instruments (monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, money supply and consumer price index). Annual data captures a country’s specific behaviors and annual data is devoid of endogeneity, thus providing an in-depth policy.

Criterion Score

Learner Self-Evaluation Score

(0-3)

Chair or Score

(0-3)

Reviewer Score

(0-3)

RESEARCH MATERIALS, INSTRUMENTATION, OR SOURCES OF DATA

This section identifies and describes the types of data that will be collected, as well as the specific research materials, instruments, and sources used to collect those data (tests, surveys, validated instruments, questionnaires, interview protocols, databases, media, etc.).

The recommended length for this section is one to two paragraphs. Note: this section can be set up as a bulleted list.

Quantitative- Instruments/Research Materials:

Provides a bulleted list of the instrumentation and/or materials for data collection.

Describes the survey instruments or equipment/materials used (experimental research), and specifies the type and level of data collected with each instrument.

Includes citations from original publications by instrument developers (and subsequent users as appropriate) or related studies.

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1

2

Qualitative - Sources of Data:

Describes the structure of each data collection instrument and data sources (tests, questionnaires, interview protocols, observations databases, media, etc.).

2

1

n/a

Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

2

1

2

NOTE: This section elaborates on the Data Collection from the 10 Strategic Points.

This information is summarized high level in Chapter 1 in the Proposal in the Nature of the Research Design for the Study section. This section provides the foundation for Research Materials, Instrumentation (quantitative) or Sources of Data (qualitative) section in Chapter 3.

Reviewer Comments:

Data Collection

1. Permission to conduct the study will be obtained from Grand Canyon University’s IRB. Permission will also be obtained from Knoema’s database to use information from the database for research purposes. Informed consent will not be obtained as this study will not involve human participants.

The target population would be the Nigerian annual data. The sample size is 52 years of Nigeria’s annual data from 1963–2015. Convenience sampling will be use as a Comment by Roselyn Polk: ?????

Data measuring variations in consumer prices will be collected from Knoema’s database on the Nigerian economy.

Data would be stored on the personal computer and will be password protected to ensure confidentiality and data integrity is maintained. Data will be kept for a period of five years and subsequently deleted.

Criteria

Learner Self-Evaluation Score

(0-3)

Chair or Score

(0-3)

Reviewer Score

(0-3)

DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT

This section details the data collection process and procedures so that another researcher could conduct or replicate the study. It includes authorizations and detailed steps.

The recommended length for this section is a bullet or numbered list of data collection steps that should not exceed one page.

Quantitative Studies: Lists steps for the actual data collection that would allow replication of the study by another researcher, including how each instrument or data source was used, how and where data were collected, and recorded. Includes a linear sequence of actions or step-by-step of procedures used to carry out all the major steps for data collection. Includes a workflow and corresponding timeline, presenting a logical, sequential, and transparent protocol for data collection that would allow another researcher to replicate the study.

Data from different sources may have to be collected in parallel (e.g., paper-and-pen surveys for teachers, corresponding students, and their parents AND retrieval of archival data from the school district). A flow chart is ok—"linear" may not apply to all situations

Qualitative Studies: Provides detailed description of data collection process, including all sources of data and methods used, such as interviews, member checking, observations, surveys, field tests, and expert panel review. Note: The collected data must be sufficient in breadth and depth to answer the research question(s) and interpreted and presented correctly, by theme, research question, and/or source of data.

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Describes the procedures for obtaining participant informed consent and for protecting the rights and well-being of the study sample participants.

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Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

2

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NOTE: This section elaborates on the Sample and Location and Data Collection in the 10 Strategic Points . This section provides the foundation for the Data Collection Procedures section in Chapter 3 in the Proposal. And it is summarized high level in Chapter 1 in Nature of the Research Design for the Study in the Proposal.

Reviewer Comments:

Data Analysis Procedures

Data will be collected from Knoema Integrated Global Database. Archival data annual data measuring monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply ranging from 1963 to 2015 will be obtained. After data is collected, the data will be analyzed and proofread to identify any visible discrepancies in the collection of data. Tables, charts, and graphs will be created using Statistical Program for the Social Sciences (SPSS). SPSS will also be used to organize data and perform a regression analysis to examine if and to what extent economic indicators other than interest rates, specifically monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply predict consumer price index in Nigeria from 1963 to 2015. A regression analysis will be conducted because this research seeks to examine the predictive relationship between non-causal variables (McCrae & Costa, 1992a). This study seeks to examine if and to what extent economic indicators other than interest rates, specifically monetary policy Comment by Roselyn Polk: once collected, how prepared for analysis? what tests should be conducted before you are ready to conduct the regression? what are the assumptions for a regression? What is the p-value?

Criteria

Learner Self-Evaluation Score

(0-3)

Chair or Score

(0-3)

Reviewer Score

(0-3)

DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURES

This section provides detailed steps for the analytic procedures to be used to conduct data analysis.

The recommended length for this section is one to two paragraphs , can also be presented in bulleted format. Comment by Roselyn Polk: this section is not clearly written and is missing several criteria.

Describes in detail the relevant data collected for each stated research question and/or each variable within each hypothesis (if applicable).

Quantitative Studies: "In detail" means scales (and subscales) of specified instruments AND type of data for each variable of interest. IMPORTANT: For (quasi) experimental studies, provide detailed description of all treatment materials per treatment condition, as part of the description of the independent variable corresponding to the experimental manipulation.

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0 no discussion of data collected

What: Describes, in detail, statistical and non-statistical analysis to be used and procedures used to conduct the data analysis.

Quantitative Studies: (1) describe data file preparation (descriptive statistics used to check completeness and accuracy; for files from different sources, possibly aggregating data to obtain a common unit of analysis in all files, necessarily merging files (using the key variable defining the unit of analysis); (2) computation of statistics for the sample profile; (3) computation of (subscales and) scales; (4) reliability analysis for all scales and subscales; (5) computation of descriptive statistics for all variables of interest in the study (except those already presented in the sample profile); (6) state and justify all statistical procedures ("tests") needed to generate the information to answer all research questions; and (7) state assumptions checks for all those statistical procedures (including the tests and / or charts to be computed).

Qualitative Studies: This section begins by identifying and discussing the specific analysis approach or strategy, followed by a discussion of coding procedures to be used. Note: coding procedures may be different for Thematic Analysis, Narrative Analysis, Phenomenological Analysis, or Grounded Theory Analysis.

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2

1.5 discuss the regression in narrative format. will you be using aggregate data to arrive at mean scores for each index?????

Pay attention to highlighted section here. address as much as you can briefly. no forumulas please.

Why: Provides the justification for each of the (statistical and non-statistical) data analysis procedures used in the study.

2

2

1

Show Steps that Support Evidence

Quantitative Analysis - states the level of statistical significance for each test as appropriate, and describes tests of assumptions for each statistical test.

Qualitative Analysis - evidence of qualitative analysis approach, such as coding and theming process, must be completely described and included the analysis /interpretation process. Clear evidence from how codes moved to themes must be presented.

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0

Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

2

2

1.5

NOTE: This section elaborates on the Data Analysis from the 10 Strategic Points . This section provides the foundation for Data Analysis Procedures section in Chapter 3 in the Proposal.

Reviewer Comments:

Ethical Considerations

Prior to conducting the study, an authorization request and a letter of approval from Grand Canyon University (GCU) will be noted. Permission from Knoema will be obtained to use public data published on Nigeria. Documentation of the permission to access and use data from Knoema will be put in the appendix section of the dissertation. There is not any anticipation of any ethical issues as this research adhere to ethical guidelines as dictated by Grand Canyon University’s Institution Review Board (IRB). This research will use annual data. Therefore, no human subjects will be involved in this research. Data would be stored on the researcher’s personal computer and passworded to ensure confidentiality and data integrity is maintained. Comment by Roselyn Polk: this is obtained prior to submitting for IRB approval.

Criteria

Learner Self-Evaluation Score

(0-3)

Chair or Score

(0-3)

Reviewer Score

(0-3)

Ethical Considerations

This section discusses the potential ethical issues surrounding the research, as well as how human subjects and data will be protected. It identifies how any potential ethical issues will be addressed.

The recommended length for this section is one paragraph.

1. Describes site authorization process, subject recruiting, and informed consent processes.

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2

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2. Describes how the identities of the participants in the study and data will be protected.

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3. Discusses potential ethical concerns that might occur during the data collection process.

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4. ALIGNMENT: Ethical considerations are clearly aligned with, and relate directly to the specific Data Collection Procedures. This section also identifies ethical considerations related to the target population being researched and organization or location as described in the Purpose Statement section.

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2

Section is written in a way that is well structured, has a logical flow, uses correct paragraph structure, uses correct sentence structure, uses correct punctuation, and uses correct APA format.

2

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2

NOTE: This section does not include information from any of the 10 Strategic Points .

This section provides the foundation for Ethical Considerations section in Chapter 3 in the Proposal.

Reviewer Comments:

References Comment by Roselyn Polk: As you continue to develop your reference page, be sure to include the doi number (digital object identifier) for each of the journal articles.  Much easier to collect as you go than try to locate them later. According to APA the doi was created to ensure that even if the journal changes its domain name or ceases publication, the article remains accessible.  You may occasionally encounter an article without an easily identifiable doi. If not on the article itself, then Google or use the doi look up tool which can be found at: http://www.crossref.org/guestquery/

Adigwe, P. K., Echekoba, F. N., & Onyeagba, B. C. (2015). Monetary Policy and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 17, 110-119.

Angluin and Smith (1983). Inductive inference: Theory and methods. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 15(3), 237-269.

Anowor and Okorie (2016). A reassessment of the impact of monetary policy on economic growth: study of Nigeria. International Journal of Developing and Emerging Economies, 4(1), 82-90.

Ayodeji and Oluwole (2018). Impact of Monetary Policy on Economic Growth in Nigeria. Open Access Library Journal, 5(02), 1.

Bakas, Reyes, Jakab, Bauer, Rempfler , Crimi, and Prastawa (2018). Identifying the best machine learning algorithms for brain tumor segmentation, progression assessment, and overall survival prediction in the BRATS challenge. arXiv preprint arXiv:1811.02629.

Batini (2004). Achieving and maintaining price stability in Nigeria (No. 4-97). International Monetary Fund. Comment by Roselyn Polk: URL?

Elumah (2017). Economic policy and economic stability in Nigeria Akinyede. Outlook, 3.

Fasanya, Onakoya, and Agboluaje (2013). Does monetary policy influence economic growth in Nigeria. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 3(5), 635-646.

Fischer, S. (1996). Maintaining price stability. Finance and development, 33, 34-37.

Folawewo and Osinubi (2006). Monetary policy and macroeconomic instability in Nigeria: A rational expectation approach. Journal of Social sciences, 12(2), 93-100.

Friedman and Meiselman (1963). The relative stability of monetary velocity and the investment multiplier in the United States, 1897-1958.

Gertler and Gilchrist (1994). Monetary policy, business cycles, and the behavior of small manufacturing firms. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(2), 309-340.

Grand Canyon University (Ed.). (2017). GCU doctoral research: Writing the research prospectus. Retrieved from: http://lc.gcumedia.com/res880/gcu-doctoral-research-writing-the-research-prospectus/v1.1/ Comment by Roselyn Polk: no an appropriate source for citing. the majority of all references should be empirical and scholarly work. GCU training materials are not appropriate.

Ibe, S. O. (2013). The impact of liquidity management on the profitability of banks in Nigeria. Journal of Finance and Bank Management, 1(1), 37-48.

Ibrahim (2019). Monetary Policy and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Analysis. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 6(3).

Imoisi (2018). Does monetary policy induce economic growth? An empirical evaluation of the Nigerian economy. SOCIALSCI JOURNAL, 1(2), 78-94. Comment by Roselyn Polk: all aspects of the dissertation, including citations and references, are expected to be APA compliant. APA formatting is gradeable. Please review the APA 6th Ed. Publication Manual for discussion and examples.

Imoisi (2019). Does Monetary Policy Induce Economic Growth? An Empirical Evaluation of the Nigerian Economy. SRIWIJAYA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS, 2(4), 331-346.

Inam and Imeand Ime (2017). Monetary policy and economic growth in Nigeria: Evidence from Nigeria. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 4(6).

Khabo (2002). An evaluation of the impact of monetary policy on a small and open economy: the case of the Republic of South Africa, 1960-1997 (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria).

Lawal, Somoye, Babajide, and Nwanji (2018). The effect of fiscal and monetary policies interaction on stock market performance: Evidence from Nigeria. Future Business Journal, 4(1), 16-33.

Nyoni and Bonga (2018). What Determines Economic Growth In Nigeria? DRJ–Journal of Business and Management, 1 (1): 37–47.

Okwori and Abu (2017). Monetary policy and inflation targeting in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics and Financial Management, 2(3), 1-12.

Onyeiwu (2012). Monetary policy and economic growth of Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 3(7), 62-70.

Ubi-Abai and Ekere (2018). Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Appendix A The 10 Strategic Points for the Prospectus, Proposal, and Dissertation

Introduction

In the Prospectus, Proposal and Dissertation there are 10 key or strategic points that need to be clear, simple, correct, and aligned to ensure the research is doable, valuable, and credible. These points, which provide a guide or vision for the research, are present in almost any research. They are defined within this 10 Strategic Points document. You should include an updated, aligned 10 Strategic Points in this appendix for your chair and methodologist to reference. Below are the instructions for constructing a 10 Strategic Points for your reference.

The 10 Strategic Points

Ten Strategic Points

Comments or Feedback

Broad Topic Area

The impact of Monetary Policies on Price Stability in Nigeria 1963-2015.

Lit Review

a. Background or Need:

b. Inam, and Ime, (2017) stated “Furthermore, this work and its findings serves as a framework for further research to be carried out as to find out what level of money supply can actually induce growth” p.57

c. Imoisi, (2018) stated “Firstly, the gap between the formulation and implementation of monetary policy should be bridged.” p.93

d. Lawal, Somoye, Babajide, and Nwanji, (2018) stated “In conclusion, it is worth noting to state that the impact of both the interactions and volatilities of fiscal and monetary policies instruments on stock market investigated in this paper is innovative and novel but not inclusive, this implies that there remain avenues for further research on stock market development. Further study may examine causality among the variables used.” p.30

Theoretical Foundation:

Monetary theory since Nigeria’s independence has experienced a huge and multifaceted progression since the research on the monetary theories initially came into public interest (Jhingan, 2000). Monetary policies has attracted the attention of numerous scholars with diverse opinions on the effectiveness of money in achieving macro-economic goals.

e. Classsical Monetary Theory. The classical model attempts to explain the determination of savings and investment with respect to money. Amacher and Ulbrich, 1986 in Udude (2014) wrote that the classical economists believe that the economy automatically tends towards full employment level by laying emphasis on price level and on how best to eliminate inflation. According to Imoughele (2014), the theory shows how money affects the economy.

f. Quantity Theory of Money. The quantity theory of money states that the quantity of money is the main determinant of the price level or the value of money (Jhingan, 2009). Any change in the quantity of money produces an exactly proportionate change in the price level.

g. Keynesian theory. Keynesian’s monetary theory explains the effect of variation in money supply on the level of economic activity through its effect on the rate of interest which determines investment in the

economy (Ahuja, 2011).

h. Monetarist Theory

Monetarists emphasized money supply as the key factor affecting the wellbeing of the economy (Friedman, 1963). According to Ahuja (2011), the monetarists argue

that money has significant effect on price level or inflation in the economy in the long run and have real effects on output and employment in the short run.

Topics or Themes for Review of Lit:

Price stability. Imoisi (2018) mentioned Central banks must focus on price stability as the primary objective of monetary policy.

Monetary policy rate. Nwamuo (2018) stated monetary policy rates moderate consumer prices, credit expansion, exchange rates and others variables.

Liquidity Ratio. Itodo, Akadiri and Ekundayo (2017) emphasized the importance of closely monitoring liquidity because it significantly impacts the economy.

Cash Reserve Ratio. Udeh (2015) stated Cash ratio is effective for curtailing excess liquidity in the economy and can be easily monitored daily since they are held by Central Bank of Nigeria.

Money Supply. Ibrahim (2019) mentioned targeting money supply growth is considered an appropriate method of targeting inflation in the Nigerian economy.

Problem Statement

It is not known if and to what extent monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply predict consumer price index in Nigeria.

Research Questions

RQ1: To what extent does Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) predicts Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

RQ 2: To what extent does Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria?

RQ 3: To what extent does Liquidity Ratio (LQR) predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria?

RQ 4: To what extent does Money Supply (MS) predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria?

Sample

The data on all the variables employed in this study were sourced from central Bank Statistical Bulletin (2015) covering the period of 1963-2015 sampling data for Nigeria.

Describe Phenomena (qualitative) or Define Variables/Hypotheses (quantitative)

Ho1: Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) does not predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

H11: Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) predicts Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

Ho2: Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) does not predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

H12 Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) predicts Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

Ho3: Liquidity Ratio (LQR) does not predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

H13: Liquidity Ratio (LQR) predicts Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

Ho4 Money Supply does not predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

H14: Money Supply (MS) predicts Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

Methodology & Design

The methodology is Quantitative. The research design is a correlational.

Purpose Statement

The purpose of this quantitative correlational study is to examine if and to what extent monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and money supply predict consumer price index in Nigeria from 1963 to 2015.

Data Collection Approach

Secondary data for estimation would be sourced from Public archival data (knoema) and the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Statistical Bulletin (various issues). This study employs secondary annual time series data. Time series data is advantageous because it captures a country’s specific behaviors and devoid of endogeneity, thus providing an in-depth policy implication (Forbes, 2000). 

Data Analysis Approach

The data generated/collected will be subjected to analysis. The study would employ Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Philips Peron method of stationary testing. These methods would be employed to check the stationarity of the time series data employed in this study. The study would also employ or adopted the use of the famous Ordinary Least Square method in order to estimate the parameters of a model. Multiple linear regressions would be used to estimate the variables or parameters of the model. This study would also measure causality using Granger Causality. Co-integration Test.

Appendix B Variables/Groups, Phenomena, and Data Analysis

Instructions: Complete the applicable table to assist with your research design. Use Table 1 for quantitative studies. Use Table 2 for qualitative studies. This table is intended to define how you will collect and analyze the specific data for each research question (qualitative) and each variable (quantitative). Add additional rows to your table if needed.3

Table 1 Quantitative Studies

Research Questions

Hypothesis

List of variables: Dependent and Independent

Instrument(s)

Analysis Plan, Data Analysis

Approach

RQ1: To what extent does Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) predicts Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

Ho1: Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) does not predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria. H11: Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) predicts Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

Dependent Variable: Consumer price index

Data will be collected from the Knoema Integrated Global Data. Knoema is the largest repository of public data on the web, which contains over 500 databases, and 150 million collections of data on attribute values over time, in other words.

The data generated/collected will

be subjected to analysis. The study

would employ Augmented

Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Philips

Peron method of stationary testing.

These methods would be employed

to check the stationarity of the time

series data employed in this study.

The study would also employ or

adopted the use of the famous

Ordinary Least Square method

in order to estimate the parameters

of a model. Multiple linear

regressions would be used to

estimate the variables or parameters

of the model. This study will also

measure causality using Granger

Causality. Co-integration Test.

RQ 2: To what extent does Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria?

Ho2: Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) does not predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria. H12 Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) predicts Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

Independent Variables: Monetary Policy rates, Cash Researve Ratio, Liquidity Ratio, and Money Supply

 

Based on the empirical review made

on the study, the study specifies that

the Price stability as proxy for

economic price level can be

explained by monetary policy rate,

cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio

and money supply.

RQ 3: To what extent does Liquidity Ratio (LQR) predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria?

Ho3: Liquidity Ratio (LQR) does not predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria. H13: Liquidity Ratio (LQR) predicts Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

 

 

 

RQ 4: To what extent does Money Supply (MS) predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria?

Ho4: Money Supply does not predict Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria. H14: Money Supply (MS) predicts Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Nigeria.

 

 

 

Prospectus Template v.8.1 01-30-18