HIstory 1301

Internal Support and Explanation Power6

INTERNAL SUPPORT AND EXPLANATORY POWER

By (Name)

Mutimurs Charity

Marshall Naylor

PHIL 2306

Consistency and Determinacy

Consistency refers to the uniformity of a substance. A liquid for example, its consistency refers to its ability to stay and remain the same in terms of thickness. Consistency in this context is its uniform density. In the terms of moral upholding and ethical pedagogies, consistency is the absence of contradictions. Ethics are a moral guideline which directs the proper way of living. To achieve optimal moral living, there is urgency of a lack of contradictions, therefore enhancing rationality. Therefore, in the development and upholding of morals within the society, the need of lack of contradictions, describes the consistency instigated in the values (Nicolaset et al., 2021, pp. 569-579). [I usually put my comments in red font like this. I think that the section up here needs to be an introductory paragraph. Introductions tell the reader what the paper is about and provides a thesis. It helps to be very specific about what the paper is about. I would rewrite the first paragraph to be an introduction.]

According to Kopanov and Stoyanov (2017) definition, determinacy is a state of being determinate. It is further referred to as a necessitated state, of showing determination. The word is also correlated as mathematical subfield theoretical branches that are used to determine the winning strategy of a player in a given match; by examining underlying conditions. In the ethical domain, determinacy of the ethical factors is those that contribute to the shaping of people’s behavior. The determinacy state of a person on an ethical perspective creates foundations on their distinct judgment. An individual for instance based on media interactions, cultural background and education levels, may determine their choice of action. Therefore, depending on the foundations of the mentioned factors creates the determinacy nature of their translated moral actions.

Difference between consistency and Determinacy

Determinacy according to Arias et al. (2018) can translate to consistency. However, despite the close correlation, the two portray distinct differences as explored in the paper. The paper explores these differences in relation to human acts morality. Determinacy of human acts morality is basically influenced by external and internal factors. External factors include cultural upbringing whereas internal factors include the intentions of an individual. The circumstances (external factors) predominantly focus on socio-cultural factors. For example, a poor woman with children may result to theft in order to feed her children. Therefore, in this case, the socio-cultural circumstance of poverty, which has led to her children being hungry, results to the woman’s stealing. Therefore, a situation in which an individual is in, influences the translated moral judgment and actions. On the other hand consistency refers to the lack of contradictions, which is more externally enacted rather than individually synthesized. The lack of contradictions in moral upholding of an individual is more inclined on a specified moral schizophrenia. Unlike determinacy where actions are more inclined on an individual’s judgment, consistency is more societal expected. [Here are my comments for the above two paragraphs that seem to be about Determinacy. The concept of determinacy is something specific to ethics. It is separate from what we normally think about, such as someone that perseveres when things are tough. Determinacy has nothing to do with cultural background or the media. I would use the information from the modules and the lectures and the recorded lectures to help get a grasp on what Determinacy is for judging moral theories.]

Another difference between the two factors regarding their relationship with moral guidelines; determinacy lacks the separation necessity of one’s motives and reasons compared to consistency as explained in the moral theory. Determinacy as explained is influenced by one’s circumstances or intentions. For example, the scenario of a stealing woman, the circumstance pushed her into stealing. Another example is an individual who decides to steal, shows intention generated moral behavior. The determinacy of human acts from the two scenarios show combinations of intentions and reasons for their actions. Consistency, due to some apparent moral schizophrenia intentions, creates a gap between an individual’s motives and reasons behind their actions. [For this paragraph, I am not sure what is being said here. It might help to have sections about consistency before discussing how they are different. Remember, consistency is a different idea than Consistency. We are trying to focus on judging moral theories rather than an individual.]

Importance of consistency in moral theories

The lack of contradictions (consistency) is at times referred as ethics hallmark. Ethics guide people’s moral actions which necessitate rationality for execution. Therefore, consistency importance in judging moral theories is adamant. In understanding the importance of consistency in moral theories, the paper analyzes a few moral theories. Golden rule, an example of moral theory, emphasizes on reciprocityethics. The theoretical philosophies teach on loving neighbors as oneself (Máhrik, 2018, pp. 5-13). Therefore, consistency in this theoretical perspective is critical as it determines the behavior of people to their neighbors; are they treating each other with equal love or are there inequality instances-whether there is rationality when associating individuals interact with their neighbors.

The other moral theory is hedonism whose philosophies emphasize on maximizing pleasure and minding less of the future. However, the pleasures in this scenario are more intellectual inclined rather than physical directed (Rossiter, E. 2016, pp. 203-225). In judging this moral theory, consistency is crucial in analyzing the rationality of people’s actions. When a person decides to ‘live for today’, consistency will ensure lack of contradictions; meaning the individual is true to their actions and performs them with rationality. Therefore, depending on the philosophical built of the theories, consistency is crucial in determining levels of lack of contradictions and rationality embedded in the theoretical pedagogies.

Importance of determinacy in moral theories

Moral theories expound why an action is right or right. In addition, these theories judge the credibility of a person’s actions. The theoretical construction identifies what makes an action right or what makes an individual righteous. Determinacy importance on judging the credibility of these theories, explains that human actions is influenced by preceding situations (circumstances) and will. Therefore, in scrutinizing individual’s actions, determinacy will investigate the underlying conditioned causes for instigated in various action choices. In the moral theory, hedonism, for example, determinacy will investigate the already conditioned causes leading to a person embracing the attitude of maximizing today and marginally disregarding tomorrow. Therefore, from the judgment, determinacy will justify the credibility of the righteousness of an individual to adapt the specified attitude.

[I cannot seem to follow what is being said about the importance of Consistency and Determinacy. These factors for judging a moral theory has something to do with the accuracy of a moral theory. How well a moral theory actually describes morality as it really is has something to do with Consistency and Determinacy. Something else seems to be happening in these paragraphs but I am having trouble following what that is.]

References

Arias, J. E., Ascari, G., Branzoli, N., &Castelnuovo, E. (2018). Positive trend inflation and determinacy in a medium-sized new keynesian model.

Kopanov, P., &Stoyanov, J. (2017).Lin’s condition for functions of random variables and moment determinacy of probability distributions. Comptesrendus de l'Académiebulgare des Sciences.

Máhrik, T. (2018).The golden rule of morality–an ethical paradox. Ethics & Bioethics, 8(1-2), 5-13.

Nicolas, P., Etoc, F., &Brivanlou, A. H. (2021). The ethics of human-embryoids model: a call for consistency. Journal of Molecular Medicine, 99(4), 569-579.

Rossiter, E. (2016). Hedonism and natural law in Locke's moral philosophy. Journal of the History of Philosophy, 54(2), 203-225.