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Running head: 3D PRINTED AND CONVENTIONAL PROSTHETIC LIMBS 1

3D PRINTED AND CONVENTIONAL PROSTHETIC LIMBS 2

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FOLLOW-UP WORK After completing the drafts of the first and second sections of your paper send—via attachment to an email—the paraphrased selections which the instructor BOLDED. Use the Paraphrase Check Work form explained in Module #10 webinar to share your bolded paraphrase and the original source material you used to create each paraphrase selection. SEE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dsUZQ2Kz7dI

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3D Printed and Conventional Prosthetic Limbs

Name: Chanyez Chamberlain

Institution: York College

Date: 4/19/2018

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MAIN QUESTION??? >>> Can 3D printed limbs be a more effective alternative to conventional prosthetic limbs?

FOLLOW ARE NOT THE THREE SECTION QUESTIONS AS REQUIRED

1. Can 3D printed prosthetic limbs be more cost effective than conventional prosthetic limbs? FOCUS HERE IS ONLY ON COST --

2. What is the cost of material for creating 3D printed limbs?

3. What is the cost of material for creating conventional prosthetic limb?

4. How does the cost of shipping 3D printed limbs versus conventional prosthetic limbs compare?

5. What is the accessibility of each for low-income families?

MUST HAVE ONLY THREE SECTION QUESTIONS - NOT THE COMMON THEMES OF EACH BP IN THIS SECTION -- PLEASE REFER TO EXAMPLES

Can 3D printed prosthetic limbs be more

cost effective than conventional prosthetic limbs? USE TITLE CASE

Technology creates a higher level of engagement where it is possible to achieve an improved level of effectiveness under which it is possible to improve the lives of individuals. <<,THIS IS CONFUSING -- NOT SURE WHAT THE POINT IS OR WHAT IT RELATES TO -- PLEASE CONSIDER RE-WRITING WHAT IS UNDERLINED ?>>>The conventional hypothetic limb is an artificial device, which replaces a missing leg, which might be lost in different ways such as trauma, congenital conditions or disease. They have a fundamental purpose where they are aimed at restoring standard functionality of an individual limb. The need for a more efficient limb has led to a more significant technology innovation where there is need to achieve a higher level of engagement based on the need for a transformative technology. <<,THIS NEEDS TO BE SHOWN -- HAS NOT AT THIS EARLY STAGE OF THE PAPER Printing 3D limbs have to provide a very different perspective where patients in need of artificial limbs can be fitted. 3D legs are more efficient, cost-effective and have less detrimental an individual health and well-being. WHERE DO YOU DEFINE WHAT THIS TECHOLOGY IS -- HOW IT DEVELOPED -- AND WHETHER THERE IS A NEED FOR IT -- THAT THERE IS A PROBLEM THAT NEEDS TO BE SOLVED -- SHOULD COME FIRST IN THIS PAPER

What is the cost of material for creating 3D printed limbs?

SPELL OUT TERM>>> PROFITABLE IS NOT THE SAME AS COST EFFECTIVE FOR THE PATIENT >>> 3D printed prosthetic limbs are more profitable than conventional prosthetic limbs. The cost aspect that is considered in this case involves the cost of production, purchase, and transportation. The 3D printed prosthetic limbs is a significant innovation, which has sought to create highly modernized limbs, which can help an individual carry out their activities without considerable challenge. The 3D printed limbs are particular to each patient since there is need to ensure that they are compatible with the system of the patient to achieve a higher level of efficiency (Ventola, 2014). NO FOCUS HERE -- RELATES TO MANY DIFFERENT THEMES -- IS NOT SYNTHESIZED -- NOT DEVELOPED -- NO PASS BP

1. PROFITABLITY

2. PRODUCTION COST

3. COST TO THE PATIENT

4. COST OF TRANSPORTING

5. IMPORTANT INNOVATION IN THIS TECHOLOGY --

6. DESIGNEDN FOR EACH PATIENT

What is the cost of material for creating conventional prosthetic limb?

The cost of material for creating a conventional prosthetic limb is very high and thus fewer individuals can afford the conventional limbs since they involve many steps, which consume a lot of time during production time and therefore has a significant influence on the overall production cost for the traditional prosthetic limbs. The development of a single prosthetic limb based on the traditional approaches takes approximately a week. THERE IS NOT SUPPORT FOR THIS THEME -- THAT CONVENTIONAL ARTIFICIAL LIMBS ARE TOO COSTLY -- NO PROOF OF THIS CONTENTION - NOT SURE WHAT THE PURPOSE OF THIS BP IS -- NEEDS WORK -- NO PASS BP

How does the cost of shipping 3D printed limbs versus conventional prosthetic limbs compare?

The prosthetic need to be built and sized manually and thus to have mass production, there is a need for high labor, which automatically leads high cost of production where the cost of production is passed to patients, which limit their ability to create a higher engagement. <<<THIS IS AN OVERLY LONG TOPIC SENTENCE -- HOW CAN YOU SEE THIS THEME SIMPLY The cost of conventional prosthetic limb varies based on the type of the limb that is purchased. The cost varies from $5,000 and 100,000 for an advanced myoelectric arm controlled by muscle movements (Diment, Bergmann & Thompson, 2017). NO DEVELOPMENT -- NO SYNTHESIS - NO PASS BP

What is the accessibility of each for low-income families?

The 3D printed prosthetic limbs cut the cost and production time significantly. The 3D printed prosthetic limbs are expected to be produced at 80% faster rate than the conventional prosthetic limbs from one week to 1.5 days and developed efficiently with specific adaptability to specific patients. A printed 3D printed prosthetic limbs costs approximately $20, which is a tiny fraction of the total cost of conventional prosthetic limb, which costs up to $100,000. The 3D printed limbs are very useful based on high-level technology, which is essential in deciding its influence on the many patients who are in need of prosthetic limbs (Laszczak et al., 2015). NO SYNTHESIS -- LITTLE DEVELPMENT OF THIS BP THEME --

UNCLEAR WHAT THIS TOPIC SENTENCE MEANS -- WRITE CLEARLY AND DIRECTLY SO THAT YOUR READER UNDERSTAND THE TOPIC SENTENCE OF EACH BP >>> The low cost of 3D printed limbs has created a favorable environment where they are highly engaged access difference social classes including low-income families who can afford a 3D printed prosthetic limb. The cost when taking into consideration the training on how to use is still manageable and thus creates a higher level of engagement across different countries. NO PASS BP -- NOT SCCUDy

There is need to focus on 3D printed limbs based on the high degree of efficiency and cost effectiveness which ensures that everyone who requires prosthetic limbs can get them at a very affordable cost. A more significant engagement provides a profoundly transformed focus where there is need to improve services delivery within the development of prosthetic limbs.

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References

Diment, L., Bergmann, J., & Thompson, M. (2017). 3D printed upper-limb prostheses lack randomized controlled trials: a systematic review. INCOMPLETE

Laszczak, P., Jiang, L., Bader, D. L., Moser, D., & Zahedi, S. (2015). Development and validation of a 3D-printed interfacial stress sensor for prosthetic applications. Medical Engineering and Physics, 37(1), 132-137. MISSING BIBLIO INFO

Ventola, C. L. (2014). Medical applications for 3D printing: current and projected uses. Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 39(10), 704. MISSING INFO