Dq 2-2

DQ 2 Responses

1.

With the advances science and technology, it is important to keep up with the current trends and clinical data being used today. The research process also continues to change as more practices and techniques are being developed for implementation. Usually the goal in research is to apply these practices for the benefits of patients, curing disease, providing treatments, diagnosing, etc. Some research requires testing on human subjects or patients. Clinical guidelines are placed to protect research, especially subjects and human rights. Thus the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and approves all research these research, (American Public University System, 2016). In 1974, the National Research Act of the United States regions was put into action to respect the right of research participants by explaining to them the purposes of the study and the procedures and foreseeable risks or discomfort. (Kennedy, 2015). The importance of the IRB to the research process is to review all research contents are morally and ethically sound in the protection of patient rights.

References:

American Public University System. (2016). Institutional Review Board. Retrieved from http://www.apus.edu/academic-community/research/institutional-review-board/index

Kennedy, S. (2015). The National Research Act of 1974. Retrieved from http://www.imarcresearch.com/blog/the-national-research-act-1974

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2017). Institutional Review Board. Retrieved from  https://www.fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm126420.htm#IRBOrg

2.

Institutional Review Boards (IRB) are a board of researchers and non-researchers where they review research procedures at a proposal or preliminary stage, making certain that ethical principles are upheld (Neuman, 2017). The IRB is located at any facility that holds human research studies. The IRB reviews all research studies with human participants to make sure that they are ethically being treated and that no harm is being done to them. Review of the IRB prevents any liability issues when researchers run human studies. The research study has to meet the criteria for the IRB to approve which includes the risks to human research subjects are minimized by using procedures that do not unnecessarily expose the research participants to risk, the risks to human research subjects are reasonable in relation to the anticipated benefits to the individual, the selection of human subjects for research participation is equitable, human research subjects are adequately informed of the risk and benefits of research participation, informed consent of human research subjects is obtained in advance of research participation, the research plan makes adequate provisions for monitoring the data collected to ensure the safety of human research subjects, there are adequate provisions to protect the privacy of human research subjects, appropriate additional safeguards have been included for vulnerable human subjects (Human Research Protection Office, 2015). The IRB had to be established because decades ago, human subjects were being taken advantage of.

 References

(HRPO), H. R. (2015, December 09). Chapter 2 - Purpose of the Human Research Protection Office and Institutional Review Board. Retrieved from University of Pittsburg: http://www.irb.pitt.edu/content/chapter-2-purpose-human-research-protection-office-and-institutional-review-board

Neuman, W. L. (2017). Understanding Research (2 ed.). New York: Pearson

3.

Institutional Review Boards are meant to review, analyze, and determine if a research study has ethical standing (Neuman, 2017, p. 62). This is important to ensure that there is full autonomy for the individuals that are participants in the study. When it comes to autonomy of a patient this is the concept of the patient being able to fully make their own choices regarding their health care or studies that involve their health care (Secker, 1999). Institutional Review Boards are essential in facilities to review proposals of studies before they are conducted to make sure that the participants rights set forth by the government are being followed. This also helps for research to be reliable and valid because it leaves less room for manipulation of data.   

 References:

Neuman, W. (2017). Understanding research (second ed., p. 62). New York, NY: Pearson.

Secker, B. (1999). The appearance of Kant’s deontology in contemporary Kantianism: Concepts of patient autonomy in bioethics. Journal of Medicine & Philosophy, 24(1), 43-66. 

4.

Institutional review boards play vital roles in protecting human research subjects. The institutional review board is tasked with reviewing accurate information that involve research proposals that ensure they protect human rights and that they fall in line with federal, state, and ethical guidelines.  The board typically consists of three or five professionals in a constitution but at times they can have even more people involved. Although the IRB is responsible for many things there main responsibility is providing guidance and oversight for the human participant protection program.

 Cornell University (2007).  IRB- Human Participants Committee Responsibilities.  https://www.irb.cornell.edu/responsibilities/ .

Study.com (2003-2017). The importance of Institutional Review Boards in Research.   http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-importance-if-internal-review-boards-in-research.html . 

5.

This topic is something that is new to me so I decided to do a little research to find out what the Institutional Review Board is about.  So the IRB is a team that was created to safeguard the rights and welfare of human research subjects that are involved in research activities that are arranged by federal regulations.  The Institutional Review Board is an asset to research process because the board applies research ethics (making sure that research is ethical).  According to an article (no author), (n.d), “IRBs can be a helpful resource in the education of disciplinary traditions of research and professional ethics” (p.25).  This is done by reviewing the anticipated procedures for research that will be done.  They boards have the right to reject or approve, monitor any research involving people.  They also have authority to determine if research can be completed or not.  According to Won, Oak (2012), “there needs to be compliance with the law and guidelines, the institution can guard the rights, safety and welfare of research participants” (p.8).

 

IRBs as Asset for Ethics Education in Geography. (2012). PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER,

64(1), 25-33.

 

Won Oak, K. (2012). Institutional review board (IRB) and ethical issues in clinical research.

Korean Journal Of Anesthesiology, 62(1), 3-12. doi:10.4097/kjae.2012