Week 4
TKS
doc714s_v2_aes_model_and_guide_for_summarizing_analyzing_evaluating_and_synthesizing_information_ppt1.pptxAES Model and Guide for Summarizing, Analyzing, Evaluating, and Synthesizing Information
DOC/714S
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AES Model
What is it?
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© 2021 University of Phoenix
What is the AES Model?
Analysis
Evaluation
Synthesis
An iterative process for success in the ACCESS program sequence
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What is the AES Model? (Continued)
By understanding the AES model, you will be able to:
Prepare your papers more effectively.
Become a better critical reader.
Easily make sense of your faculty member feedback.
Become a more effective critical and creative thinker.
Prepare yourself to become a more effective researcher.
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3-Stage Model
Analysis Core Task: To identify and break into parts for identification and comparison
Evaluation Core Task: To make a conclusion based on empirical data and a clear rationale
Synthesis Core Task: To put back together and create something new
There are 3 main parts to this model: analysis, critical evaluation, and creative synthesis.
The core task in analysis is to identify and break apart the main ideas into separate parts for comparison (e.g., to take a car apart to find the broken part).
The core task in critical evaluation is to reach a conclusion about the parts based on empirical data and clear, cogent rationale. (For example: This is the part that is broken, based upon this measurement and this evidence.) The conclusion is to replace the part.
The core task in creative synthesis is to put things back together and create something new. (For example: If the new part has been redesigned to add more performance, then the car will perform differently, so something new has been created.)
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Different Types of Thinking
Critical Thinking
(Deductive Reasoning)
Analysis
Critical Evaluation
Creative
Synthesis
Creative Thinking
Design Thinking
(Abductive Reasoning)
Analysis and critical evaluation are closely related and tend to rely on deductive reasoning. Many people will recognize the scientific method as analysis/critical evaluation. Evidence-based practice is a good example of analysis and critical evaluation. Analysis and critical evaluation are particularly important in professional practice when we do not need to create a new solution.
Critical evaluation flows directly from analysis. Some analysis is usually needed before a valid conclusion can be developed.
Creative synthesis is an entirely different thinking process and can be regarded as employing different reasoning: creative thinking. It is sometimes referred to as abductive reasoning or design thinking. Creative synthesis can occur at any moment as an insight.
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An Iterative Process Over Time
Creative Synthesis
Analysis
Critical Evaluation
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At a broader perspective analysis, critical evaluation and creative synthesis are cyclical in nature. The creative product of synthesis that we achieve today will become the subject of analytical and evaluative processes in the future. Such a cyclical arrangement is necessary and inevitable as we progress over time in various disciplines.
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Key Questions
Analysis
What are the main ideas being made in each article? Is it possible to compare/contrast?
What groupings/sequence might exist?
What alternative/contradictory ideas exist?
Critical Evaluation
What metric/criterion will I apply?
What evidence exists?
What does the evidence suggest?
What is my evaluation process?
What assumptions/limitations/alternative views might exist?
Creative Synthesis
How might I integrate these ideas?
How could I reframe the main points or the context?
What metaphor might I employ?
What new questions might I ask? (e.g., What might be…? What if…?)
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AES Model Guide
Summarizing, Analyzing, Evaluating, and Synthesizing Information
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When writing papers, you will interact with various sources of information. The 4 most common ways to interact with information include summarizing, analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing. Understanding the difference between a summary, analysis, evaluation, and synthesis will strengthen the credibility of your writing.
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Summary
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When you summarize, you restate information without adding your personal interpretation. For example, if you read a book, summarizing might include restating the plot, the characters, the scenery, etc., without sharing your opinion of the book.
| Do | Don’t | |
| When you summarize | Briefly restate important information. Include relevant details. | Don’t explain the meaning of the information or provide your opinion. |
Synonyms for summarizing:
Report
Retell
Describe
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Analysis
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Analysis involves breaking a text apart, looking at the pieces, and then adding your own interpretations. In the analysis portion, the writer goes beyond simply describing something and adds a personal perspective for the reader to consider.
| Do | Don’t | |
| When you analyze: | Look for relationships, trends, and patterns for the purpose of explaining and interpreting. Create your own understanding. Add your personal perspective or interpretation. | Make judgments. Repeat information. |
Synonyms for analyzing:
Consider
Interpret
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Evaluation
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After breaking down the pieces by looking for relationships, trends, and patterns, and creating your own understanding, it is time to discuss your opinion.
| Do | Don’t | |
| When you discuss your opinion: | Clearly state personal judgments or opinions. State a determination of value (valid/invalid, relevant/irrelevant). Defend your evaluation with evidence from the literature. | Present vague or unclear opinions or ideas. Present a discussion of the value, including strengths and weaknesses. Neglect to cite relevant sources. |
Synonyms for evaluation:
Judge
Defend
Support
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Synthesis
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After you have analyzed and evaluated information, it is time to synthesize the information. Synthesizing means considering all of the information you have read and analyzed from different sources to form a new idea of your own.
| Do | Don’t | |
| When you synthesize: | Consider information from all sources. Take separate ideas and put them together to create something new. | Consider information from only 1 source. Simply restate/summarize. |
Synonyms for synthesis:
Create
Construct
Develop
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