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Module 4 - Home
Disruptive Innovation
Modular Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this module, the student will be able to satisfy the following outcomes:
- Case
- Explain what makes some innovations more “disruptive” than others.
- Assess the trade-offs between the costs and benefits of disruptive innovations.
- Compare and contrast the interests of particular organizations with those of the industrial sector and society at large in the promotion and deployment of disruptive technologies.
- Analyze the potential for disruption of a major developing technology – autodrive vehicles – across multiple areas.
- SLP
- Prepare an annotated outline of the literature review chapter for your project draft.
- Identify any remaining literature sources to be obtained.
- Discussion
- What problems are you encountering with developing your annotated outline for the chapter? How can you help your colleagues resolve their problems?
Module Overview
This module introduces the concept of “disruptive innovation” and its effects on both organizations and societies. The term was coined by Clayton Christenson of the Harvard Business School in a book that he and others wrote in 1997 called The Innovator’s Dilemma. It refers to “…an innovation that creates a new market and value network and eventually disrupts an existing market and value network, displacing established market leading firms, products, and alliances” (definition from Wikipedia). Relatively few innovations actually follow this pattern; most innovative and creative work in organizations involves either processes or products, as we have just seen. But there are certain innovations that really do shake things up in major ways, and considering the effects of such disruption, it pays to pay some attention to these situations. Undoubtedly we will be seeing more of them in the future.
Since there is no single typology for describing or classifying innovations, it’s really not possible to define in advance how disruptive something might be. Effects have a habit of sneaking up on society than catching it unawares. One example of this might be e-commerce. In a sense, this is merely one element of a larger even more disruptive innovation called the Internet, but that is so pervasive and so diverse that it’s really not very helpful to try to think of it as a single innovation at all, but rather an envelope within which many different innovations are included. E-commerce is certainly one; others might include social media such as Facebook and Twitter, Internet search (“Google it!”), and what is generically known as “computer-supported cooperative work.” There is no question that the collective effects of the Internet have been enormously disruptive to traditional methods of doing business or even living life. But at the same time, the disruption has created enormous new possibilities and even entire new industries.
Each of these information processing elements has worked its effects throughout our society and indeed throughout the global society, largely without fanfare, systematic analysis and technology assessment, or indeed much public attention at all. Most of us are relatively unaware of the degree to which our lives of been reshaped, even those of us who are old enough to remember how things used to be in the back in the old days before about 1990. And even if we could remember, relatively few of us would choose to return to those largely computer-free days, despite how we swear about how difficult it is to work through these things today. Disruptive innovations have a habit of working their way under the skin and fundamentally transforming the nature of the societies into which they are introduced, to the point where returning to the under disrupted state is simply impossible, either conceptually or practically.
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Module 4 - Background
Disruptive Innovation
Video material
http://www.ted.com/talks/sebastian_thrun_google_s_driverless_car.html
Required Reading
Litman, T. (2017) Autonomous Vehicle Implementation Predictions: Implications for Transport Planning. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. Retrieved on October 21, 2017, from http://leempo.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/M09.pdf
Kim, W.C. & Mauborgne, R. (2019 Spring). Nondisruptive creation: Rethinking innovation and growth. MIT Sloan Management Review, 60(3), 46-55. Retrieved from ProQuest datab
King, A. A. & Baatartogtokh, B. (2015) How Useful Is the Theory of Disruptive Innovation? MIT Sloan Management Review. Fall. Retrieved October 21, 2017, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/60e8/86aed65be4c6eecad9a27117a0c635bffaff.pdf
Allen, M. (2015) Disruptive Innovation and the Impact of Fully Autonomous Vehicles on the Auto Insurance Industry. Kalamazoo College. Retrieved October 21, 2017, from https://cache.kzoo.edu/bitstream/handle/10920/30405/Allen-MichaelSIP.pdf?sequence=1
Nagy, D., Schuessler, J. & Dubinsky, A. (2015) Defining and identifying disruptive innovations. Industrial Marketing Management. Retrieved October 21, 2017, from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joseph_Schuessler/publication/299413364_Defining_and_identifying_disruptive_innovations/links/5754617908ae17e65eccc99c/Defining-and-identifying-disruptive-innovations.pdf
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Modules/Module4/Mod4Case.html
Module 4 - Case
Disruptive Innovation
Assignment Overview
As a focal example for this module, we will consider the case of a disruptive innovation that is roaring down on society at nearly the speed of light, despite common acknowledgment that we really do not know what its effects will be. This is so-called “automated driving” or “driverless vehicles.” There is no question that within the next 5 to 10 years, the bulk of vehicles on the roads will switch from being directly human controlled to being largely robotically controlled, with only sporadic if any human intervention. For all of human history, transportation has required the direct involvement of a human being, whether that be the driver of an oxcart or the driver of a Mercedes 18-wheeler. Management of vehicles has been one of the central preoccupations of humans for at least the last 100 years. Giant industries are based on this technological framework. The introduction of robotically controlled vehicles promises to disrupt these giant industries in critical ways, even eliminating some of them entirely and reshaping others to be almost unrecognizable.
How will society deal with these issues? What will survive this disruptive transition, and what will not? What will our society look like when it is completely transformed by this virtually inevitable technology? Who will the winners and losers be? Any look at disruptive innovation always generates more questions than answers, but by examining those questions we may begin to formulate better ones and eventually arrive at a more complete understanding. If we do not, then we will be simply whipsawed by our own technologies whose underlying values may be significantly different from those we would like to see our society enact.
Case Assignment
After reading the required background material and finding at least two other resources on your own, write a 5- to 7-page paper discussing the topic:
“Self-driving vehicles as a disruptive technology” You should begin your paper by summarizing what is currently known about disruptive innovations and their effects. Then provide a brief description of the self-driving vehicle technology and where it currently stands today. You should then proceed to address the questions posed in the case discussion above: namely, how will society deal with these issues? What will survive this disruptive transition, and what will not? What will our society look like when it is completely transformed by this virtually inevitable technology? Who will the winners and losers be? Conclude your paper with a couple of paragraphs summarizing your views on self-driving vehicles in particular, and how society and organizations might to deal more effectively and productively with disruptive technologies generally.
Assignment Expectations
Length: The written component of this assignment should be 5-7 pages long (double-spaced) without counting the cover page and reference page.
Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to the questions.
Grammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted for minor errors, assignments are expected to adhere to standard guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity. We encourage you to use tools such as grammarly.com and proofread your paper before submission.
As you complete your assignment, make sure you do the following:
- Answer the assignment questions directly.
- Stay focused on the precise assignment questions. Do not go off on tangents or devote a lot of space to summarizing general background materials.
- Use evidence from your readings to justify your conclusions.
- Cite at least five credible resources.
- Reference your sources of information with both a bibliography and in-text citations. See the Student Guide to Writing a High-Quality Academic Paper, including pages 11-14 on in-text citations. Another resource is the “Writing Style Guide,” which is found under “My Resources” in the TLC Portal.
Your assignment will be graded using the following criteria:
Assignment-driven Criteria: Student demonstrates mastery covering all key elements of the assignment.
Critical Thinking/Application to Professional Practice: Student demonstrates mastery conceptualizing the problem, and analyzing information. Conclusions are logically presented and applied to professional practice in an exceptional manner.
Business Writing and Quality of References: Student demonstrates mastery and proficiency in written communication and use of appropriate and relevant literature at the doctoral level.
Citing Sources: Student demonstrates mastery applying APA formatting standards to both in text citations and the reference list.
Professionalism and Timeliness: Assignments are submitted on time.
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Module 4 - SLP
Disruptive Innovation
During Module 4, your SLP assignment is to develop an annotated outline for chapter 2 - the literature review - of your project draft. This will consist of the headings in the chapter, and a brief description of each paragraph under each heading. This description should include the sources you plan to be using in that paragraph, as well as notes on any further material that you have not yet been able to obtain. It may be that some paragraphs in your outline will not draw on any particular sources; that is okay, as long as you explain the purpose of the paragraph in the context of the chapter as a whole. It may also be the case that you still do not have some sources necessary to describe how they will fit into the review. That is okay as well, as long as you note where you are missing information and present some ideas about how you are going to get it during the next couple of weeks. The aim is to present a full outline of your literature review, prior to actually writing all the paragraphs to be included in the draft.
It may be that you have already prepared some paragraphs to be included during previous parts of this project assignment. If so, those should be included in your outline.
SLP Assignment Expectations
Length: The written component of this assignment should be 3-4 pages long (double-spaced) without counting the cover page and reference page.
Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to the questions.
Grammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted for minor errors, assignments are expected to adhere to standard guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity. We encourage you to use tools such as grammarly.com and proofread your paper before submission.
As you complete your assignment, make sure you do the following:
- Answer the assignment questions directly.
- Stay focused on the precise assignment questions. Do not go off on tangents or devote a lot of space to summarizing general background materials.
- Use evidence from your readings to justify your conclusions.
- Cite at least five credible resources.
- Reference your sources of information with both a bibliography and in-text citations. See the Student Guide to Writing a High-Quality Academic Paper, including pages 11-14 on in-text citations. Another resource is the “Writing Style Guide,” which is found under “My Resources” in the TLC Portal.
Your assignment will be graded using the following criteria:
- Assignment-driven Criteria: Student demonstrates mastery covering all key elements of the assignment.
- Critical Thinking/Application to Professional Practice: Student demonstrates mastery conceptualizing the problem, and analyzing information. Conclusions are logically presented and applied to professional practice in an exceptional manner.
- Business Writing and Quality of References: Student demonstrates mastery and proficiency in written communication and use of appropriate and relevant literature at the doctoral level.
- Citing Sources: Student demonstrates mastery applying APA formatting standards to both in-text citations and the reference list.
- Professionalism and Timeliness: Assignments are submitted on time.
Modules/Module4/Mod4Objectives.html
Module 4 - Outcomes
Disruptive Innovation
- Module
- Critique the concept of “disruptive innovation,” and evaluate its effects in different kinds of organizations.
- Complete a draft of the literature review section for your doctoral project proposal.
- Case
- Explain what makes some innovations more “disruptive” than others.
- Assess the trade-offs between the costs and benefits of disruptive innovations.
- Compare and contrast the interests of particular organizations with those of the industrial sector and society at large in the promotion and deployment of disruptive technologies.
- Analyze the potential for disruption of a major developing technology – autodrive vehicles – across multiple areas.
- SLP
- Prepare an annotated outline of the literature review chapter for your project draft.
- Identify any remaining literature sources to be obtained.
- Discussion
- What problems are you encountering with developing your annotated outline for the chapter? How can you help your colleagues resolve their problems?
