solve this worksheet
1
Chemistry 122 (General College Chemistry I)-‐ Fall 2018 Discussion Worksheet Week 11 (Coordinated by Dr. R. Hatfield)
Topics: Acid-‐Base Equlibria Part I: Arrhenius and Bronsted-‐Lowry, Solving Weak-‐Acid Equilibria Problems, pH and Autoionization of Water, Acid Strength, pK! concept Relevant Chapters in Silberberg, 8e: Chapter 18 Sections 1-‐5, pp. 793-‐818. Student Directions: Try all problems with your best effort and bring your work to discussion. Use your text as a resource for any constants or relationships needed. You will have to work ahead. When topics are completely covered in lecture, go back and redo any problems you did not understand. See pages 832 of your text for a summary list of key equations and relationships.
1. Arrhenius acids and bases a. What do Arrhenius acids have in common?
b. What do Arrhenius bases have in common?
c. Give an example of a base that does not satisfy the “Arrhenius” base definition. What
new definition can be applied to classify your example as a base?
d. Circle any of the following substances that are Arrhenius acids: H!O HBr CH! CH!COOH HCO!
! HClO NaH
e. Circle any of the following substances that are Arrhenius bases according to our textbook definition on page 794: H!O CH!COO! HCO!
! NH! Sr(OH)! KOH
f. Now, put a box around the substances that are Bronsted-‐Lowry acids in part d and Bronsted-‐Lowry bases in part e.
2. Circle the stronger acid in each pair and briefly explain your choice.
a. HCl HBr
b. H!Te HI
c. HSO! ! H!SO!
d. H!AsO! H!AsO!
3. Write the K! expression for each of the following in water: a. HClO!
b. HSO!!
2
4. Benzoic acid (C!H!COOH) is added to water. a. Write a balanced equation for this reaction.
b. Identify the conjugate acid-‐base pairs.
c. Identify the stronger acid and the stronger base. Briefly explain your choice.
d. Write the K! expression for this reaction.
e. Calculate the [H!O!] and the pH of 0.18 M C!H!COOH (pK! = 4.20)?
[3.4 x 10-‐3 M H!O!; pH = 2.47]
f. What percent of benzoic acid is dissociated? [1.9 %]
g. Now, calculate the [H!O!] and the pH of 0.18 nitric acid and compare your answer to part e. Explain why the steps for calculating the pH of 0.18 M nitric acid and 0.18 M benzoic acid are different? [pH = 0.74]
3
5. For each of the following, give the chemical formula for
a. the conjugate base of the following substances: NH!
! HSO!! CH!OH HI H!O HS!
HPO!!! HClO! b. the conjugate acid of the following substances:
HS! F! CH!NH! H!O HPO!!! HSO!! O!! CN!
6. For the following equation, use figure 18.8 on page 806 in your text to determine if Kc <1 HCN + HCO!
! CN! + H!CO!
7. The polyprotic acid, phosphoric acid, has the following three successive K! values: K!! = 7.2 x 10-‐3 K!! = 6.3 x 10-‐8 K!! = 4.2 x 10-‐13 Why do these successive K! values decrease?
8. Fill in the following table using correct significant figures. (Review Basic Math Worksheet 1)
[H!O!]
pH [OH!]
pOH Acidic or basic (choose one)
1.60 x 10-‐4
5.4
3.4 x 10-‐5
1.76
10.00