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DiseasesoftheUrinarySystemChart.docxDiseases of the Urinary System
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Area Affected |
Disease |
Definition |
Notes |
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General Terms |
Oliguria |
A decrease in the amount of urine excreted. |
May include kidney failure |
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Anuria |
Complete suppression of urine excretion |
Indicates total kidney failure |
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Polyuria |
An increase in the amount of urine excreted |
Usually an indication of problems somewhere in the body other than the kidneys. Such as diabetes insipidus
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Albuminuria |
The presence of albumin or protein in urine |
Often associated with glomerulonephritis. |
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Hemoglobinuria |
Hemoglobin in the urine |
Associated with hemolytic anemias. Occurs due to certain poisons, snake bites, and malaria. |
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Hematuria |
Blood in the urine |
An important sign in tumors of the urinary system. Also associated with glomerulonephritis. |
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Pyuria |
Pus in the urine |
Indicates a urinary tract infection |
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Glycosuria |
Sugar in the urine |
Associated with diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes) |
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Uremia |
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The toxic condition of excess urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood |
Associated with renal insufficiency or failure. NOTE: Urine or urea in the blood will increase formaldehyde demand. |
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Diseases of the Kidneys |
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Nephritis |
A general term for inflammation of the kidney |
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Glomerulonephritis |
A form of nephritis in which the lesions affect primarily the glomeruli. |
The glomeruli are the filtering capillaries of the kidney. Often follows a previous streptococcal infection. Especially those of the upper respiratory tract |
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Pyelitis |
Inflammation of the renal pelvis. |
The expanded upper part of the ureter. |
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Pyelonephritis |
Inflammation of the kidney substance and pelvis. Most common kidney disease. |
(Pyelitis and Pyelonephritis are caused by pyogenic bacteria that enter the kidney by way of the bloodstream or due to bacteria that have ascended from the bladder after entering through the urethra) |
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Hydronephrosis |
A collection of urine in the renal pelvis due to an obstructed outflow. . |
Hydroureters – The ureters above an obstruction dilated with urine |
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Nephrolithiasis |
a formation of renal calculi – stones are also called kidney stones or nephroliths. |
Stones are formed from mineral salts that precipitate out of the urine solution. Formed due to kidney inflammation, dietary problems, or hyperparathyoidism. |
Diseases of the Urinary System
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Area Affected |
Disease |
Definition |
Notes |
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Ureter |
Ureteritis |
Inflammation of the ureters. Tube that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. |
Causes constriction and narrowing |
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Urinary Bladder |
Cystitis |
Inflammation of the urinary bladder |
Usually occurs secondary to ascending urinary tract infections. |
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Urethra |
Urethritis |
Inflammation of the urethra Tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. |
Ureteritis, Cystitis, and Urethritis are all generally caused by infections with pyogenic bacteria that work their way up the urinary tract. SUCH AS: Neisseria gonorrheae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Escherichia coli, Treponema pallidum, Proteus species, and Pseudomonas species |
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Polycystic Kidneys |
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A condition in which there is the formation of many cysts in or on the kidney |
Can lead to a variety of renal problems. 1. Enlargement of the cysts compressed the surrounding renal tissue Cysts are prone to infection |
