discussion responses

First discussion:

Patent ductus arteriosus is a heart defect that occurs when the ductus arteriosus that connects the left pulmonary artery to the right pulmonary artery and aorta does not close at birth (Lowdermilk et al., 2016). This continued patency causes a left to right shunting that results in pulmonary edema (Hockenberry et al., 2019). Normally the ductus remains patent during gestation due to the release of prostaglandin from the placenta, and closes at birth when oxygen tension causes the ductus arteriosus to restrict (Lowdermilk et al., 2016). Infants born prematurely at 28 weeks gestation or less have an incidence rate of PDA at 70% (Lowdermilk et al., 2016).

 Nursing management for patent ductus arteriosus includes early recognition of the signs and symptoms, and supportive care (Hockenberry et al., 2019). The nurse should do a thorough cardiovascular assessment, and look for signs of PDA such as a  machine like systolic murmur, bounding peripheral pulses, tachycardia, tachypnea, and crackles due to pulmonary edema (Hockenberry et al., 2019). The nurse can provide supportive care such giving oxygen, monitoring fluids, providing support to the family and educating on what to expect as far as treatment and surgeries (Lowdermilk et al., 2016).

 Therapeutic and medical management can include the use of a ventilator, and care fluid balancing (Lowdermilk et al., 2016).. Medications that may be administered to help the ductus arteriosus to constrict and close are indomethacin and ibuprofen because they inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins (Lowdermilk et al., 2016). Diuretics may be used to decrease pulmonary edema and fluid overload (Lowdermilk et al., 2016). If all treatments to close the duct are unsuccessful than surgery may be necessary.

Discussion 2

The school nurse provides direct care to students. The school nurse provides care for injuries and acute illness for all students and long-term management of students with special health care needs. Responsibilities may include: assessment and treatment within the scope of professional nursing practice, communication with parents, referral to physicians, and provision or supervision of prescribed nursing care. School nurse is also a liaison between school personnel, family, health care professionals, and the community.  

School nurses ensures that there is adequate communication and collaboration among the family, physicians, and providers of community resources (Council on School Health, 2016). Secondary prevention may involve caring for children when they need care and is the largest responsibility of the school nurse. It may include such activities as caring for ill/injured children or staff (including the development of an emergency plan and appropriate training of staff in standard precautions, first aid, and relevant emergency procedures), screening and assessing children, making appropriate referrals, giving medications, identifying abuse and neglect, communicating with healthcare providers, preventing suicide and violence, and responding to disasters (NASN, 2016).

Discussion 3

Faith community nursing is one of the newest nursing specialties and one of the oldest means of healthcare delivery (Rector, 2018). The roles of the faith community nurse are a health educator, health counselor, advocate, referral agent, developer of support groups, coordinator of volunteers, integrator of faith and health (Rector, 2018). Some key aspects of faith community nursing include meeting the emotional and spiritual support needs of the dying and serving as an advocate for individuals who are hospitalized, living at home, or in a long term care facility (Rector, 2018). Health promotion outcomes may be primary, directed at prevention of disease, illness, or injury such as promotion of good nutrition through educating about healthy diet; secondary focused on early detection and appropriate intervention such as mental health screenings, tertiary concerned with promoting a sense of well being when preventing or curing a condition may not occur an example would be providing support through visitation, transportation or praying with the patient (Rector, 2018).

Occupational and environmental health nurses work with employers to cultivate creative and business appropriate health and safety programs (Rector, 2018). Occupational health nursing practice can be divided into three main categories: compliance, care, and health promotion (Rector, 2018). There is a wide range of legislations that guide occupational health nursing practice such as OSHA standards, ADA (Rector, 2018). Occupational health nurse work in a variety of settings (Rector, 2018). The manufacturing sector has a strong tradition of employing occupational health nurses, but utility companies, mines, retail store chains, hospitals, theme parks, banks, school systems, and government also employ occupational health nurses (Rector, 2018). Primary prevention can be seeking enforcement of legislations, secondary prevention screening employees working in a loud noise environment for hearing loss, tertiary prevention would be providing care for an injured employee (Rector, 2018). 

Discussion 4 (SS)

1. The Document on Human Fraternity for World Peace and Living Together is a declaration that the Catholic Church and Al-Azhar condemn anything that ends a human life, exploits women or children, the disabled, and the oppressed, and that we must respect all of God’s children (Pope Francis & Grand Imam Al-Tayyeb, 2019). I believe that the most important point of this document is this quote: “this Declaration may constitute an invitation to reconciliation and fraternity among all believers, indeed among believers and non-believers, and among all people of goodwill…” (Pope Francis & Grand Imam Al-Tayyeb, 2019). This gives the overall point of the document in that they are trying to unite everyone of any religion or belief under a common goal to protect each other under God. I think the point that impressed me the most was the point that was made about full citizenship. They called to eliminate the word “minority” because it essentially others people and makes them feel unwelcome, which is an excellent point and something that I have not thought about. Nostra Aetate is a document that argues against the religious or hateful prosecution of those from different religions by citing scripture and the similarities to Christianity. The document dismantles any common arguments toward discrimination and what I believe is the most important point comes from this quote: “No foundation, therefore, remains for any theory or practice that leads to discrimination between man and man or people and people, so far as their human dignity and the rights flowing from it are concerned” (Pope Paul VI, 1965). The Church believes that there is an argument against loving one another regardless of religion and that to not do so is to deny God. I think that the entire document is impressive because it is not only beautifully written, but the points it has made seem undeniable and resonates deeply with my own beliefs.

Yes, of course. In fact, we must do this in order to preserve ourselves and love others. In my opinion, in order to truly empathize with others, recognizing other people and seeing ourselves in them, is the best way to love them. If we do that, there would be a lot less hatred and discrimination in the world. 

I hope so. I think the internet has gone a long way in helping us achieve this goal because we can spread information across the world to disprove misconceptions and encourage acceptance. We are no longer in a little bubble of ignorance that was put there by geographic boundaries. I do have one thing to share. I am a part of the LGBT community, and I was raised secular. While I believe in God, I don’t have a particular religious affiliation. Because of both of these things, I have been discriminated against in a variety of settings including both my past schools and past workplaces. Who I am and what I believe intrinsically has put me apart from other people and from all of the readings that we have done this week and weeks past, there is no basis for the way I have been treated by others who have called themselves Christians in the past. This makes me feel far more positively toward organized religion and for that I am grateful.

Discussion 5 (MB)

The most important point in Nostra Aetate is the idea that Jesus died for all of our sins out of his love for every numan beings of all faiths. This calls us to share in that love. My favorite point for the Document on Human Fraternithy was the ideat that "dialogue is the path.." This highlights the point that through dialogue, we can foster a sense of fraternity and fellowship between faiths and cultures.

I do believe that we can and should be able to relate to other's faiths and treat them with a sense of togetherness. Jesus' sacrifice to all of humahity through his death shows that he loved us all, and to act in his image, we should relate with, respect and care for all others in our human family. Additionally, others beliefs may help you better understand your faith and your beliefs.

This is a complicated question. People of different religions and  cultures are often clustered with members of their own group. This makes it difficult for people of different cultures to interact and come to understand each other. I believe our generation has the ability to change thisk cultural and religious divide by working consciously to avoid the explicit and implicit expectations to associate with people of your  ingroup and dialogue with other faiths and cultures.