system engineering methods week 9( papaer 1 1000 words , paper 2 1000 words )

CS672 – System Engineering and Analysis

Discussion 9 - 11/30/2018

Samson kamal Victor

Industrial ecology

Introduction

Industrial ecology is study of the natural raw material and flow of energy from the industry. It describes the flow of identifying the raw material, manufacturing the product, usage of the product by customer and disposal of the product or recycling the material to other product. It has been reached early1990s. The life cycle make the industrial ecology to control over the flow and design based on the eco friendly. The nature eco system must not effect to the manufacturing product. Need to consider of pollution waste from the manufacturing the product. Reuse the waste material from manufacturing product to other product manufacturing (Britannica, n.d.).

History

The industrial standard of system approach call interwoven system and it was first traced by Jay forrester at MIT in the year 1960s. A scientific American Robert Ayres, Robert Frosch and Nicolas Gallopoulos at 1989 created an industrial metabolism to control the industry flow of material and energy. The flow represents the material usage and identifying the waste and plan for reuse the material, this made the balance of mass material of the product to cheap and well organized for other product manufacturing. The article “Strategies of manufacturing” is the concept of industrial ecological system finally used to create the industry ecology. It mainly describe about the waste of one product manufacturing must be used by the other product manufacturing product. In 1991, the national academy of science colloqium was created law for drainage basin to study of development of industrial ecology study. In early 1994, the national academy of engineering established a book call the greening of industrial systems. It mainly discussed about the environmental issues and their solutions. (Andy G, Gregory A K, 1995, Page 3)

After 1990s the industrial ecology got more attention and it has been recognized by most of the international organization and governments to save the eco system to the future. Lot of review for the system lifecycle is and accepted. In 2000, international society for industrial ecology is farmed. International society gives more attention for study, research, interactions related to field of industrial ecology. In 2001, international society of industrial ecology added members to establish further (ISIE, n.d.)

Design of industrial ecology

Some to the design for the industrial ecological system to emphasize with below attribute (Andy G, Gregory A K, 1995, Page 4)

· The industrial system must be relationship with the industries and environment.

· The process of understanding the implementing the flow of material and energy

· Disciplinary approach that enhance the relative position in future

· The waste management from one process to another to avoid dumping or land filling the waste like cyclic process to linear process

· The proper steps and design to be taken to analysis the impact in the environment and overcoming solution for that

· Dematerialization or decommissioning steps which doesn’t cause any issue to the environment

· Determining the product manufacturing to make the product as sustainable and efficient to the nature system and behave ecologically

· Proper knowledge of the system to understand the hierarchy of the nature system and understanding the existing risk for the environment

Life cycle assessment (LCA):

Inventory analysis: Analysis of identifying the main resources like raw material used to manufacture the product and less cause to earth of mining the resource, acquisition of waste management (Andy G, Gregory A K, 1995, Page 13)

Impact analysis: Analysis of impact while manufacturing the product with proper technical performance measure to avoid more waste and to reuse of waste and making the efficient product. Analysis of impact to human health and environment health

Improvement analysis: Analysis of the product that would cause less harmful to the environment with proper evolution and apply it

Life cycle design (LCD):

The system lifecycle design management to manufacture the product which in economically and ecologically sustainable system to achieve it the basic factors carried are certain policy, technical performance measure from the product and market, strategy of the product, raw material and resources analysis, inputs from stakeholders, parallel or same product design, team coordination, governments rules and regulations, market measure and infrastructure (Andy G, Gregory A K, 1995, Page 22)

Need analysis: Analysis of important of the product in market, purpose to manufacture and timeline for manufacturing

Requirement analysis: Analysis of need to requirement like cause for environment, performance level of the product and cost involved in manufacturing and customer purchase value and legal

Design analysis: Analysis of less impact to the ecological system like waste management design, disposal or recycle of the product in design phase

Implementation: analysis of customer usage with the consideration of human factor and ecological factor

Disposal analysis: Analysis of disposal method and identifying material according to disposal not harmful to human and eco system and recycle of the product to make of other product segregation

Goals of Industrial Ecology

Sustainable Use of Resources: Industries should give more importance to the recyclable material and less importance to the non recyclable materials. The material used in the product should not degrade in less number of usage instead that has to sustainable for the mentioned lifecycle and more that the period (Andy G, Gregory A K, 1995, Page 6)

Ecological and Human Health: Human having thick bond between the environment system, all the activity or product is interlinked with the eco system like all materials are taken from the stone water, air and plants. The health of the both ecological and human are interrelated together

Environmental Equity: to achieve the short objective need that diminishes the quantity nature resource In the environment. There are lagre number of imbalance in the product development in developing countries and developed countries, human higher level risk I incorporated with the toxic pollution in air, water, and land

Case study of sustainability in industrial ecology:

In Denmark the coal fire company sold the novo nordisk (pharmaceutical plant) to commercial fish farm. The fish waste is given to the farmer for agriculture to the plants, the agriculture avoided of using the chemical nutrition to the plant. So the land, water are not polluted in both fish farm and agriculture land (SustainabilityConcepts, n.d.)

Conclusion

The Industrial ecology study is very important to maintain the environment in stable condition to make available of resources to future generation of human beings. Industries need to follow the process described by international society of industrial ecology

References:

Andy G, Gregory A K, (Nov, 1995)”Industry ecology an introduction”, http://www.umich.edu/~nppcpub/resources/compendia/INDEpdfs/INDEintro.pdf

Britannica, (n.d.), “Industrial Ecology | Ecology.”, Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/science/industrial-ecology

ISIE , (n.d.), “History - International Society for Industrial Ecology - ISIE.”, https://is4ie.org/about/history

SustainabilityConcepts , (n.d.), “Sustainability Concepts: Industrial Ecology”. https://www.gdrc.org/sustdev/concepts/16-l-eco.html