Product Creation and Disposability & Queuing Theory - system engineering

CS672 – System Engineering and Analysis

Discussion 8 - 11/23/2018

Samson kamal Victor

Chapter 15, Question 1:

Logistics:

Logistics as set of activities to satisfy the physical need from producer to manufacture a product that meet the customer demand, also the product shipment, storage and maintenance in efficient and effective manner in less time (Logistics-management, n.d.)

According to Manoj (2015) study found the following elements in logistics:

1. Logistics and maintenance support planning: proper initial planning and ensure all the activities are properly coordinate throughout the life cycle

2. Logistics and maintenance personnel: depends on the personnel skills, error rates, attrition rate, maintenance labor hour

3. Training and training support: provide training to personnel understanding of logistics and enough materials for training

4. Supply support: provide support to supply chain such as MTBR, spares / repair demand rate and process time, inventory of items in time, probability of spare availability

5. Software reliability and maintainability, complexity, modules, cost

6. Documentation of Information system that contain technical information such as access time, size, number of data, processing and implementation time

7. Maintenance facilities for items processed, time, and utilities

8. Packaging, handling, storage, and transportation

9. Test, measurement, handling and support equipment: all equipments like monitoring tools, special test equipment, operational support, level of maintenance

10. Logistics information throughout the organization with all the activities in timely and secured manner

Chapter 15, Question 3:

Supply chain:

It is an activity of shifting the product from producer to consumer, also there lots of people involved in supply chain manufacturer, distributer, and consumer (Investopedia, 2003)

Function and activities:

Collecting the product from the manufacture, distributing the product to the dealer or third party dealers and consumer is the end user who is going make use of the product. The activities in the each layer to verify the product quality, expiration period, directing to the location of customer need. If the product has any issue send back to the manufacturer

Supply chain management:

It manages the flow of the product movement from one hand to other hand. It has the planning to design and manages the raw material supply to manufacturer and once the product developed, shipping the product to the dealers, the reason is to build the competitive systems with help of logistics system to move the items to the desired location to satisfy the demand and measure the performance of supply chain activities (Investopedia, 2003)

Function:

- Aligning flows: cost, equipments, and data passed between customers and suppliers.

- Integrating functions: it integrates the functionality of logistics to ensure the SCM goals satisfied

- Coordinating processes: used to plan, source, make, deliver, and return of products and maintenance.

- Designing complex systems: analyzing the risk involved in the SCM and analyzing proactive plans

- Resource management of over process in timely manner

Activites:

- Customer Relationship Management

- Customer Service Management

- Demand Management.

- Order Fulfillment.

- Flow Management of producer

- Procurement

- Item Development and Commercialization

- Returns Management

Chapter 15, Question 5:

Logistics in system lifecycle:

The Logistics are implemented in almost all the phases in the life cycle. The conceptual design phase measuring the support requirement of the system, the preliminary and detail design phases is to review the requirements to satisfy the needs, the development and production equipments used to supply material to manufacturing and shipment to dealer, acquisition of logistics in support to product modification and return

Chapter 15, Question 8:

Design of supportability relate to design of reliability:

The design of reliability is an important requirement of consumer of the product and design of supportability increase the reliability of the product. In fact the total ownership cost (TOC) of 100% can be reduced to 60% when proper design of supportability, it analyze the mean time between failure (MTBF) (Patrick, Thomas, 2012, page 36)

Design of supportability relate to design of Maintainability:

The design of maintenance is important to make the sustainability of the product throughout the lifecycle and the design of supportability will reduce the repair or maintenance cost and make the product withstand for the entire lifecycle , it analyze the meat time between maintenance (MTBM) maintenance task analysis (Patrick, Thomas, 2012)

Design of supportability relate to design of human factor:

Design of human factor is important to analyze the product fits to the end-user in an average basic of 95% men or 5% women category and design of supportability will increase the suitability, user compatibility, inter operability, safety, manpower supportability, logistics support, documentation, training, natural environment impacts (Patrick, Thomas, 2012, page 38)

Chapter 15, Question 10:

Metrics (Davidson, n.d.)

- Supply chain- Order measure, cash to cash and customer order cycle time, freight bill accuracy and cost per unit, day sales outstanding

- Purchasing and metric flow- effectiveness, efficiency, functionality and performance

- Transportation and packaging- shipping time accuracy in order, delivery time, transportation cost, number of shipment, inventory turnover and sales rate

- Warehousing and distribution- inventory sales ration, order picking accuracy, truck time at dock, time to receiving and pick location, demand forecast, cost of inventory on time shipping rate

- Maintenance organization- cost per unit of production, Maintenance cost as a percentage of replacement asset value, Preventive maintenance compliance, Planned versus unplanned maintenance, OEE (overall equipment effectiveness) or availability, First-pass yield or first-pass good

- Training and training support- individual and team behavior changes, meeting target, skills attainment

- Spare, repair parts, related inventories- days inventory on hand, stock out, slow moving parts

- Test and support equipment- process metrics, product metrics, project metrics, damage check in support equipment

- Maintenance facility- Reflect Real Data, Order Response Time, Backlog of Deferred Maintenance, Ratio of Planned Vs Reactive Maintenance, MTBF

- Computer resources and maintenance software- total number of defect, critical defects, high defects, and test case failed

- Technical data and logistics information- on time delivery, satisfying need, warehouse capacity, employee turnover rate

Chapter 16, Question 1:

Bringing into being: the process of manufacturing the system from raw material to working product and making it to utilize by the human, also called production of the system

Ceasing to be: After making proper utilization of the system, it has to be disposed, the disposal can be economical, easy and environmental friendly and disposal method has to be determined in the initial design phase

Chapter 16, Question 3:

Humanity sustained by technological and ecological:

In the human world most of the activities are designed as business to technology and then to environment and social science. The humanity is sustained by the technical and ecological aspects, the main cause to the environment is carbon foot print in each aspects of getting energy from burning coals, running motor vehicle in gas and diesel, even the though the plastic un decomposition. The humanity in sustainability of the eco system is very important in each and every product. So the design of the each product must be analyzed the utilization of the product which should not cause effect to ecosystem and after disposal of the system it must easy, eco friendly, and fasted way of decomposition without carbon footprint (Matthew, n.d.)

Chapter 16, Question 6:

Producibility:

It is the process of manufacturability from raw material or development of software to product which is need by the customer and designed in environment friendly and green technologies, with the help of logistics and supply chain the product is moved from the manufacturer to dealers.

Importance:

Indentifying the capability of the product, to avoid the risk involved in the development of the product, to maintain the cost allotted to the development of the product, minimize the unexpected changes and new features to product

Lifecycle:

It must be addressed in the design phase if the system lifecycle and the technical performance measure (TPM) used to measure the new system meets the market need or not and it determines the quality and cost of the product and overall control of the system performance

Chapter 16, Question 13:

Environment conscious design and manufacturing (ECDM):

The design phase and development phase must be evolved with the environmental conscious to avoid the impact that could happen from the new product, this can be challenge to every product to meets the requirement, design phase is very important phase of determining the environmental friendly product and even the de-manufacturing process is decided in the design phase itself. The same concept must be taken care in manufacturing phase with proper test of the product environment friendly, the basic environment aspects are air pollution with carbon foot print, water pollution and wastages, introducing natural gas and using solar energy avoid thermal factors

Chapter 16, Question 15:

De-manufacturing:

It is the process of disposal of the product. Once the full utilization of the system is completed or failed then the system must be disposed in proper way that it must not affect the ecological system. The de-manufacturing is the maximum recycle components are identified and taken for reuse. De-manufacturing must be determined in the design phase

Hard disk failed in the datacenter: to securing data the hard drive carnage process and the hardware parts are recycled to other products

Recycling of plastics, aluminum, iron, paper are separated from the product and considered for new product

References:

Davidson M, (n.d.), “28 Manufacturing Metrics That Actually Matter (The Ones We Rely On).” LNS Research, http://blog.lnsresearch.com/blog/bid/188295/28-manufacturing-metrics-that-actually-matter-the-ones-we-rely-on

Investopedia, (Nov 25. 2003), “Supply Chain Management (SCM).”, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/scm.asp

Logistics-management, (n.d.), “What Is Logistics Management? - Definition from Techopedia.”, https://www.techopedia.com/definition/13984/logistics-management

Manoj S, (Apr 18, 2015), “10 Elements of Logistic Management.”, http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/management/logistic-management/10-elements-of-logistic-management/49180

Matthew M, (n.d.), “What Is Sustainability and Why Is It Important?”, https://www.environmentalscience.org/sustainability

Patrick M D, Thomas A S, (2012), “Designing for supportability”, https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1015901.pdf