Replies for peers. Need ONE Response Per Each Discussion Total 6 Responses. Attached Are The Discussions And Rubric Please Follow Them. Posts Will Be A Minimum Of 100 Words, APA Format.One Reference Per Each Discussion
butterflyl
discussion5.docxLaura
11 hours ago, at 11:54 PM
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In data collection of patient’s records, it includes service satisfaction, quality of life, mood, and impairment. Patients can further self-report their health, well-being, abilities, routines, limitations, and events. Challenges occur in patients who try to do self-care and suffering from chronic diseases. Such challenges are widespread and affect data collection unless one does semi-structured interviews in homes and communities. Another challenge is local environment patients cannot give how the air pollutants, food desert or social influence affect them. Another major blow to collecting data can be using a complicated form. Thus, the respondents will fill the form to complete the survey (Stieglitz et al., 2018).
They are three types of interviews structured interview, semi-structured interview, and unstructured interview. Structured interviews are rigid in their form as they included pre-decided questions. It is mostly used in research to be able to find uniformity in the interview sessions. The semi-structured interview is used in a way that the researcher can follow any idea in the discussion. Although it is a built-in search of a guided conversation, it still allows the interviewer to express their opinion. Unstructured interviews are done in purpose to get complete information about a research topic. It is done because the researcher believes that the respondent can be truthful in all the answers that they will give. There are no guidelines to be followed in research by the researchers (Bhat, 2021). My best preference is using the semi-structured interview as it is flexible and reliable qualitative data can be collected in these interviews.
References
Stieglitz, S., Mirbabaie, M., Ross, B., & Neuberger, C. (2018). Social media analytics–Challenges in topic discovery, data collection, and data preparation. International journal of information management, 39, 156-168.
Bhat, A. (2021, June 18). Types of Interviews in Research and Methods. QuestionPro. https://www.questionpro.com/blog/types-of-interviews/
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Seth Lesperance
15 hours ago, at 7:48 PM
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In research practices, there are several kinds of challenges that arise during the data collection methods. Hence, it is essential to first identify the common possible barriers that are responsible for causing errors and issues during the process of data collection in research investigations. Some of the common challenges that are encountered include the use of inconsistent standards for data collection, duration employed for collecting data from the research participants, lack of accuracy and context variation in data collection methods, the complexity of data, lack of experience and training in collecting data by the researcher, lack of quality assurance processes, the location from where the data is collected, frequent changes in the policies and standards of certain measures that are employed for collecting data, health literacy and the language set in data collection devices and instruments, researcher fatigue, and obtaining most sensitive data. Among these, health literacy is one major challenge that is experienced by most of the research respondents. Similarly, researcher fatigue is the challenge mostly encountered by the researcher. Apart from this, the other challenges that are faced by a nursing researcher in research practices include lack of proper support from the organizations, poor communication skills of the researcher obtaining data from the participants, and failure in interpreting the data obtained from the participant in its correct sense. In the case of collecting body specimens for research studies, it is essential that the sample should be properly transported and preserved to the research laboratory in order to obtain accurate results from the specimen. It is also essential that a researcher while involving in data collection procedures should have a clear mind in establishing new connections with the participants through active listening and observance. Addressing these challenges helps in improving the implementation phase of a research study and is also found to enhance the quality of the research performed.
Interviewing technique is one of the common methods that is employed for collecting data for a qualitative research study. interviews carried out for research purposes are of different types namely structured interviews, semi-structured, and unstructured interview methods. Among these, both the structured and the semi-structured interview methods are highly based on the researcher-framed interview guides. Structured interviews are generally employed for studying a large sample group and the process of interviewing is made simple and quick for all its participants and the results obtained are more reliable. In the case of semi-structured interviews, the interview format with open-ended questions is more flexible and the results obtained through interviews from the participants are briefer which helps the researcher to easily cumulate the data for result validations and interpretations. It also offers the advantage that the researcher can alter and frame the format in the way that he/she prefers to obtain the desired outcome. the unstructured interview method with broader and open-ended question formats are also known as in-depth interviews wherein the data obtained are in detail rather than like those obtained through structured and semi-structured formats. This method is a highly flexible method and the process of data collection and data analysis occurs parallelly in a research investigation. My preference in employing data collection methods during the implementation phase is the use of the semi-structured interview method. This is because of the open-ended question format that helps the researcher to gain brief and exact data for the questions raised in the interview by the researcher. This method is a moderately flexible method and the data obtained are reliable and valid for carrying out further research analysis and investigations. This interview method can also be employed for obtaining data within a short period of time and it also enhances a two-way kind of communication between the interviewer and the interviewee. Hence, for these reasons, I strongly prefer to employ semi-structured interview methods for carrying out my research investigations more easily and efficiently.
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Ana Barreras Lopez
16 hours ago, at 7:05 PM
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What are the challenges encountered in data collection as it applies to research? What are the types of interview technique when interviewing participants? List your preferences and tell us why?
The most important aspect in the collection of data is that they reflect reality as reliably as possible. If the above is not achieved, then the results of the investigation will be compromised. Some of the challengers include inability to answer a questionnaire, distorted findings, harm to participants, wasted resources, among other issues. When we use a questionnaire is important to wrote it on a clear and understood language, taking into account the literacy and language barriers, and keep the design simple. Correct identification of subjects using at least two ways is also core because is the way to validate pre and post responses. Training of the researchers are crucial, the explanation of the proper protocol, methodologies, role play, how to implement surveys, among others must be addressed previous starting any research. Also, the necessaries consents and approvals can delay the investigation, that is why on timeline is important to take into account this aspect to avoid unnecessary waste of time and resources. Another aspect is the selection of the appropriate sample to generalize the findings (Elite Research Statistical Consulting (2019)).
There are three main types of interviews: structures, semi structured, and unstructured. On structured interviews close ended questions are apply and on semi structured and unstructured ones the open ended are preferable. The flexibility of the stance is increase from the structured to unstructured as well as the collection of data. in all instances the interview gives the opportunity to obtain inputs from participants directly. The use of structured interview is aimed to maintain uniformity. It focusses on the accuracy of responses and can be used on a large sample, is also easy to implement and the level of detail is already set on the design. During a semi structured interview, the basic structures are maintaining but certain amount of flexibility is implying. It is used when the time is limited and detailed information is wanted. Investigators use unstructured interviews when they want to get a lot of information using few questions. Is important to keep focus on the objective in order to follow the main idea of the investigation. Also, there are three methods to conduct research: personal, telephonic or email or web-based interviews (Bhat, 2021).
Personally, I will prefer structured and personal interview on my research. It is highly focused on a particular aspect to be address. My investigation is aimed to classify the risk of an event among certain population. It is a good tool to use for gather the essential information needed to validate the hypothesis.
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Henly Rojas
6/29/21, 9:36 PM
I can start by saying that data collection is the procedure of selecting, probing, and assessing the appropriate knowledge that is used for an investigative study using established and competent techniques. Said mechanism can, in certain cases, become difficult for various reasons. Adequate sampling, obtaining the necessary information, the fatigue of the respondents and interviewers, as well as the deficiency in many of the interviewers, represent the main problems faced by the data collection processes in the surveys carried out in the research processes. It can represent a difficult process to select the size of the sample that really extends us and symbolizes the entire population that represents us. A determining factor is being able to consider the factor of statistics, regardless of the instruments used in the investigation, such as calculators. Another factor to consider is that the wrongly selected sample size can lead to negative and wrong consequences. I can also argue that the fatigue in the respondents has a negative effect on them, as it would cause them to give answers in a quick way to get out of the survey quickly, without considering the quality of said responses. Another negative factor that we can find is that the interviewers may neglect important factors in the data collection. All these negative factors can affect the accuracy, realism, and authenticity of all information obtained during the research survey.
Among the interview techniques, structured, semi-structured and unstructured can be mentioned. In my case, having as an interviewer and / or researcher a specific topic to investigate, I would select the structured interview. This type of interview gives me the possibility of asking open questions, allowing me to ask them in different sequential ways to the interviewees. Likewise, this technique would give me the possibility of obtaining more definitions from the interviewees, when making a comparison with the other two techniques mentioned. In structured interviews, the questioner is governed only by a protocol, where only the questions found within it are asked, originating a rigorous channeling. On the other hand, unstructured interviews are made up of minimal questions. There are other types of interview mechanisms that are commonly used such as telephone, face-to-face with respondents, computerized and by email.
References
Jamshed, S. (2014). Qualitative research method-interviewing and observation. Journal Of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy, 5(4), 87–88. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.141942
Tappen, R. M. (2015). Advanced nursing research: From theory to practice. (2nd ed.).
Jones & Bartlett Learning.
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Adelisa Bencomo
6/29/21, 6:08 PM
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The choice of method depends on the data collection strategy, the type of variable, the required precision, the point of collection, and the interviewer's training. Data collection for management purposes should be done frequently enough, For example, collecting data for monitoring populations constantly while collecting data on households at much longer intervals. In general, data collected is likely to be based on the provision of data by fishers or industry staff. For less frequent data, enumerators can be used, as the collection costs are much lower.
The work of data collection and subsequent analysis is sometimes based on direct observation, either in the form of clinical signs or explicit verbal references collected in the interview or examination. At the same time, it derives from a process deduction, from the interpretation of expressions and indirect references. Among the data to be obtained, some can be distinguished that are objective, detected directly by the nurses, and others that are subjective, provided by the sick person, refer to feelings, perceptions, and experiences.
In any case, data collection always involves an effort to verify, select and classify, since all the information collected, including subjective, must be verifiable and also accepted by the rest of the health team that participates in the care of persons. The researcher uses the mechanism to collect and record the information: Forms, psychological tests, opinion scales, and attitudes. Qualitative techniques can be Participative, Non-participatory, Focus group, and Depth interviews.
When we interview a patient, the main objective is to collect essential information about the patient's condition. To achieve this, we must establish a close but professional relationship with the patient where they feel comfortable, not judged, and thus collect as much information as possible. To achieve this, we must gradually go through each of the information collection methods depending on the condition of our patient and the best way of communication that he has.
References:
Ruth M. Tappen. (2015). Nursing Research. Advanced Nursing Research: From Theory to Practice. (2nd ed.). ISBN-13: 9781284048308. ISBN-10: 1284048306. Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning Publication Manual APA 6th Edition
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Joscelyne Lastra
The researchers would encounter several challenges during the process of data collection in the corresponding step during the application of the research. In the analysis of what are the factors that affect the collection, there are four main roles who can be related to the barriers for the proper acquisition of an effective data: the participant, the researcher, the environment, and the data collection itself. In the case of the participants, the challenge comes from the correct selection of the sample in which participants should be related in terms of fitness to the variables under the research (Tappen, 2016). In other words, the participant would contribute with the characteristics of the variables and the corresponding relationship with the descriptions from the health literature that sustain the validation of the factors of research.
Moreover, the researcher also faces different challenges such as fatigue, the time of the literature review, or the possession of the knowledge and techniques to implement the research. Similarly, the environment plays an important role in the implementation of the collection of data because it impacts on the participants and researcher relationship toward the collection and the manifestation of responses and interaction. The environment also affects the channels of communication, objective and subjective variables of the participant´s behavior and conduct as well as the value of identifying the meaning of forms, tools, and information (Ashton, 2017). Still, the application of the survey or tool for capturing the data may impact the data collection. In this case, inappropriate forms or lack of understanding contribute to the introduction of bias and incorrect responses by the participants. Based on such findings, the process in which the researcher and participants interact within the environment and deliver the data through the process of data collection with the use of several methods should be developed accordingly and in the best professional way to ensure the quality and effectiveness of the data collection.
One alternative for implement the correct process is the application of the right interview technique while surveying the participants (Tappen, 2016). There are three main techniques: structured, semi-structured, and unstructured. The structured technique employs closed-ended questions within a limited number of participants that serves to collect the data through short responses. The responses are predefined where the choices are forced to be taken. In the case of semi-structured, the particularity leads to open-ended questions with more open chance of capturing large responses where the researcher can guide and provide a more flexible questioning. With similarities between the previous two types, the unstructured interview is broader, rich, and free-open to responses serving to gather more data during the collection. For the selection of any preference, it depends on the type of the study; however, the semi-structured interview seems to allow a higher participation of the participants without closing the chance of collecting a considerable number of responses without the predefinition from the researchers (Dearnley, 2015). It also appears to reduce any bias or influence to accept the answers from the questionnaire which reduce the chance of validating the questions under research.
References
Ashton, S. (2017). Researcher or nurse? Difficulties of undertaking interviews on sensitive topics. Nurse Researcher, 27(2), 57-62
Dearnley, C. (2015). A reflection on the use of semi-structured interviews. Nurse Researcher, 23(2), 49-58.
Tappen, R. M. (2016). Advanced nursing research: From theory and practice (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
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