Replies for peers. Need ONE Response Per Each Discussion Total 4 Responses. Attached Are The Discussions And Rubric Please Follow Them. Posts Will Be A Minimum Of 100 Words, APA Format.One Reference Per Each Discussion

Alina Rivero Parets

Validity and Trustworthiness

           The primary challenge faced by validity and trustworthiness in qualitative research is getting accurate information from the participant. Suppose the qualitative research is found to be wrong, the authors will be questioned on their credibility in trusting and validating the respondent’s information. Most participants in qualitative research will provide wrong information and searching for a credible informant is quite a process. Another challenge is that the research will take more time surpassing its given dateline (Rogers, 2018). The researchers are obligated to provide accurate data and statistics thus the validity and trustworthiness procedure consumes more time especially when they realize some of the accumulated data are misleading. Therefore, the researcher should not provide misleading data because they want to complete the project.

           I will ensure that I select an exquisite research design which will enhance how I conduct my investigation and analysis. Additionally, I will ensure to include experiments and select participants ready to provide information for the project. The strategy is beneficial since it facilitates proving my written hypothesis. Moreover, the data collection mechanism should be reliable and ensure that it gathers and stores accurate information (Sherif, 2018). The collected data is what I use in writing my report thus will find devices which will not easily lose them. My primary objectives should be conducting an excellent research and providing the required evidences during the allocated time. Such steps will make my research reliable and will be recommended to different people interested in in-depth understanding of the major discussion topics.

 

 

 

References

Rogers, R. H. (2018). Coding and writing analytic memos on qualitative data: A review of Johnny Saldaña's the coding manual for qualitative researchers. The Qualitative Report, 23(4), 889-892.

Sherif, V. (2018, May). Evaluating preexisting qualitative research data for secondary analysis. In Forum: qualitative social research (Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 26-42). Freie Universität Berlin.

Maria Lazarte

 

The perceived challenges with trustworthiness and validity are researcher bias, respondent bias and reactivity. Researcher bias is the negative influence of the knowledge of a researcher. It is also the negative influence of the assumptions that are made about a study’s design, sampling strategy and analysis. A researcher might skew the research process in the direction of a particular research outcome (Amin et al, 2020). He/she introduces a systematic error into the data. Researcher bias is a challenge as it deviates the research from the true outcome. The preferences and personal choices of a researcher might influence the qualitative research.

Reactivity occurs when the behavior of participants changes due to the process of conducting research. This often leads to errors in the findings. A researcher might have an influence on the people and the situation. The response of the research participants to the research process might be a challenge, leading to errors. Reactivity decreases validity in qualitative research.

Respondent bias is when the respondents fail to give honest responses. The participants might fail to give honest opinions when they perceive a particular topic as threatful. They might also fail to give honest responses to please researchers (Nowell et al, 2017). Respondents might give the responses that are desirable to the researcher, but not the ones that are true.

To ensure that research is reliable, it will be good to have prolonged involvement in a study. There will be prolonged involvement with the participants and the environment. This will increase the likelihood of getting honest responses. Appropriate samples and research methods will be chosen. A strong research design will also be created (Rezapour Nasrabad, 2018). There will also be triangulation that will be done by using various data collection instruments. The research methods will be applied consistently. The conditions of research will also be standardized to ensure that research is reliable. The circumstances will be kept consistent during data collection.

 REFERENCES

Amin, M. E. K., Nørgaard, L. S., Cavaco, A. M., Witry, M. J., Hillman, L., Cernasev, A., & Desselle, S. P. (2020). Establishing trustworthiness and authenticity in qualitative pharmacy research. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 16(10), 1472-1482.

Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International journal of qualitative methods, 16(1), 1609406917733847.

Rezapour Nasrabad, R. (2018). Criteria of validity and reliability in qualitative research. Journal of qualitative research in health sciences, 7(4), 493-499.

Jose Cardentey Hernandez

Risks associated with validity and trustworthiness

Selection biasness is one of the challenges that affect the validity and trustworthiness of the research. When the sample size section technique is bias, the findings will not reflect the actual population under the study (Friese & Frankenbach, 2020). Social interaction may also affect the validity of the results because it can result in double counting because of the mobility of respondents, and some responses may not be from members from the interested location because of free movement where the researcher interviewed other people who do not stay in the area of interest. Lack of proper instrumentation tools to measure the variables during the data collection method can affect the validity of the study's findings because some valuable variables may miss the final data used for analysis.

Strategies that can be used to ensure the reliability of research

Reliability of research is essential because it improves the trustworthiness of the results, which enables the research methodology used to be replicated by other researchers hence act as a source of knowledge for further researchers. Therefore, the research methodology used by the researcher needs to ensure that it provides reliable results (Tappen, 2016). To ensure reliable research, it is essential to ensure that the research design selected for the study is solid and appropriate to the study. The second step is the selection of the proper sample, which should not be minimal so that the results obtained can represent the population. There is a need for accuracy and consistency during data collection to ensure that the collected data is accurate and analyzed to provide reliable results.

 

 

 

References

Friese, M., & Frankenbach, J. (2020). p-Hacking and publication bias interact to distort meta-analytic effect size estimates: psychological Methods, 25(4), 456.

Tappen, R. M. (2016). Advanced nursing research: From theory to practice. Jones & Bartlett      Publishers.

Inalvis Diaz

   

According to Creswell & Poth (2013) they consider “validation” in qualitative research as it is 

trying to assess the “accuracy” of the results, as best described by the researcher, the participants, and the readers. This indicate that any report of research is a representation by the author. In 2015, Morse presented that the strategies for ensuring validity in a qualitative study are prolonged engagement, persistent observation, thick and rich description, negative case analysis, peer review or debriefing, clarifying researcher's bias, member .Validity is the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure. Some qualitative researchers have argued that the term validity is not applicable to qualitative research and have related it to terms such as quality, rigor, and trustworthiness.

 

                 The steps for implement to ensure that your research is reliable are:

 Credibility that is the how confident the qualitative researcher is in the truth of the research study’s findings.Transferability is how the qualitative researcher demonstrates that the research study’s findings are applicable to other contexts Dependability is the extent that the study could be repeated by other researchers and that the

findings would be consistent. Finally, Confirmability is the degree of neutrality in the research study’s findings.

                                                           References

Johnson, J. L., Adkins, D., & Chauvin, S. (2020). A review of the quality indicators of rigor in qualitative research. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 84(1).

Noble, H., & Smith, J. (2015). Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative research. Evidence-Based Nursing.https://ebn.bmj.com/content/18/2/34