What is artificial intelligence, and can humans co-exist with it? discussion

What is artificial intelligence, and can humans co-exist with it?

Include at least 300 words in your initial posting is required. Four (4) different fellow student replies,m with different and appropriate replies are also required with each reply worth 25 points. At least 300 words is required for each of your fellow student replies. A maximum of 200 points may be awarded for this exercise. Indicate at least one source or reference in your initial post. You can use your textbook or current research articles. Plagiarized submissions or the use of "word substitution" will result in a grade of zero.

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Post 1:

Understanding the nature of these systems 

Artificial intelligence has been identified as a wide-ranging branch of computer science focusing upon building smarter machines that can perform activities best suited to the levels of human intelligence. In the words of Glikson & Woolley (2020), artificial intelligence mimics human intelligence in an extensive manner and a great deal of for improvisation emerges at the forefront so as to complete intuitive tasks and even complicated challenges at the same instance as well. This particular branch of science includes multiple approaches and there are several advancements in machine learning along with deep learnings so as to create the perfect paradigm shift in every single sector of the existing tech industry. Artificial intelligence focuses upon procuring huge volumes of data in order to understand underlying patterns and trends existing in every single task. Authorities in an organization need to make sure that the sources of information remain free from faults or even poor-quality data to make sure that artificial intelligence gains the perfect amount of momentum. This particular branch of science can revolutionize the entire world and every single industry will be benefiting from the core capacities leading to high grounds of evolution and even seamless workflow at the same instance as well. Artificial intelligence will be able to take over any single company and the requirements can be customized from time to time leading to the best applications and even promising levels of productivity at the same instance. In the words of Haibe-Kains et al. (2020), authorities in an organization will not require a huge workforce if an artificially intelligent system emerges at the forefront. It can take a toll upon manual labor thereby lessening the investments required in order to complete activities. Authorities in the company will be able to easily reduce managerial issues and the efficiency rates will not get affected by human error.

The problems of coexistence

There have been huge problems and even controversies regarding how artificial intelligence can create ethical problems or even employment-related issues. In society, the problems also go beyond these boundaries which is why it can be quite difficult to say if the advanced systems can coexist with humans. The first problem will emerge when staff members will not be necessary for various factories, companies or even in institutions because the artificial intelligence systems would be able to handle several departments with ease. The unemployment rates in a given nation will cross high boundaries because the authorities will be more likely to invest in these intelligent systems so as to make sure that the proper amount of control arrives in expenditures. An artificial intelligence system usually borrows data from multiple sources and if these sources do not have neutral data or biased free information then the decisions adopted by the systems will also have faults altogether (Tang et al. 2020). Artificial intelligence systems cannot be utilized in government departments due to this particular factor. Human intervention becomes necessary when ethical and moral challenges arrive because the definitions vary from one nation to another thereby challenging the domains of artificial intelligence systems. Stating outright that the systems will be able to adapt accordingly turns out to be more complicated because different organizations deal with the same situation in various ways.

 

References

Glikson, E., & Woolley, A. W. (2020). Human trust in Artificial Intelligence: Review of empirical research. Academy of Management Annals, (JA).

Haibe-Kains, B., Adam, G. A., Hosny, A., Khodakarami, F., Board, M. A. Q. C., Waldron, L., ... & Hoffman, M. M. (2020). The importance of transparency and reproducibility in artificial intelligence research. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.00898.

Tang, N., Huang, G., Li, M., & Xu, F. (2020). Artificial intelligence plays an important role in containing public health emergencies. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 1-2.

Post 2

In software engineering, Artificial Intelligence AI can be characterized as the insight showed by machines. These insights in machines emerge from the Trial and Error-Based Experience Mechanism (Nilsson, 2014). By utilizing the ideas of man-made reasoning, machines can gain from past encounters, human information sources, and conduct forms that can perform errands like those of people. The most widely recognized instances of Artificial Intelligence (AI) incorporate discourse acknowledgment, learning and arranging, menial helpers, self-driving vehicles, and so on. (Kokina and Davenport, 2017). With a wide scope of uses, the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has improved present-day life. 

Points of interest in Artificial Intelligence (AI). 

The advantages of man-made consciousness are many. A few advantages include: 

1. Quicker dynamic for fast activities. 

2. Diminish Error as the work is finished by Robotic Intelligence. 

3. Machines needn't bother with a break so this is 24 through 7 accessibility and this will expand efficiency. 

There has been a lot of discussion about whether Artificial Intelligence (AI) catches human knowledge and influences human ways of life; A significant reality to comprehend is that man-made reasoning is an idea that discovers its reality through human determined calculations. Hence, computerized reasoning isn't fit for catching the psychological insight of people (Gurkaynak, Yilmaz and Hawksaver, 2016). Simultaneously, man-made brainpower may not mirror the feelings experienced or appeared by people, and this is consistently a significant downside in the administration business.

                                             References

Gurkaynak, G., Yilmaz, I., & Hawksaver, G. (2016). Curbing Artificial Intelligence: Human Risks. Computer Law & Security Review, 32 (5), 749-758.

Cokina, J., & Davenport, T. H. (2017). The Origins of Artificial Intelligence: How Automation Changes Auditing. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting, 14 (1), 115-122.

NILSON, N.S. J. (2014). Principles of Artificial Intelligence. Morgan Kaufman.

Post 3

Artificial intelligence (AI) is regarded as an advanced computer science technology assisting in development of smart devices capable to perform activities devoid of assistance from humanintelligence.  It is applicable for diversified industries and multiple approaches with assistance from virtual paradigm shift created by machine and deep learning technologies in all industrial sectors. It refers to a computing system capable to perform activities powered by emerging software technologies. Smart digital assistants Disease detection and prediction tools, interacting bots for customer communication, stock trading advice robots, social media monitoring tools etc. are some of the examples of AI implementation(Wang & Siau, 2019). Machine learning provide computer data and use statistical analysis and allow to progress the activity devoid of exclusive programming. Machine learning works with both labeled and unlabeled data inputs. Deep learning is based on neural networks with layers processing data and provide best outcome with weighed inputs.AI is being integrated to several aspects of day to day activities providing increased efficiency for processing capabilities. It allows optimization of procedures with predictive intelligence in health care, education and industrial development. Robotic technologies apparently replace conventional human services. Technology is supposed to complement the mode of performing activities by abstracting thoughts and conversion into objective opinions.On personal levels it is necessary to stay ware regarding capacities and possibilities about types of activities performed by AI devices. Sill development for perceiving objectives and implementation of AI is easier with advancement in information communication technology and huge number of resources available over internet(Cioffi, Travaglioni, Piscitelli, Petrillo, & Felic, 2020).In corporate levels the revolution initiates at top management and such encouragement for adapting latest technologies. The mode of AI motivation provide amazing process performance but prone to cyber security attacks and complications like biased decision making. It is important to take necessary steps for developing high levels of equilibrium for futuristic prospects.

References

Cioffi, R., Travaglioni, M., Piscitelli, G., Petrillo, A., & Felic, F. D. (2020). Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications in Smart Production: Progress, Trends,and Directions. MDPI journal Sustainability, 12(492), 1-26.

Wang, W., & Siau, K. (2019). Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Automation, Robotics, Future of Work and Future of Humanity: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Database Management, 30(1), 61-79.

Post 4

Artificial intelligence or AI is defined in number of ways. One of the definition provided by John McCarthy as the engineering and science division which makes intelligent machines. To elaborate further it is the software which can easily analyze data algorithm with programming to prescript predict and mitigate problems along with performing actions. These activates can be achieved in both ways with or without supervision. One of the premise it relies on is that the functionality will follow the similar path and add other variable provided. As per Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. (2019) It is beyond the doubt artificial intelligence will be the part of our life now and future. AI is certainly without prejudice but if all the AI based machines if not regulated can definitely behaved in a totally biased way. The need of compliance and uniform regulation is clearly an area of great concern. The question is definitely stem out from these worries and anxiety of the critics that can human race co-exist with that altogether.

If we go in details there are multiple ways to classify Ai.one of the classification as per Anne Sardes is strong vs weak artificial intelligence. Since it is preprogrammed and imitates the human behavior and response based on pre populated answers for each input. It is called weak .The audio virtual devices such as Alexa and Siri can be counted as the widely used AI based devices in Weak category. Strong AI are conceived to be self-responding without any supervision. Some of the examples are the video games etc. There are other various classification such as general and special AI.All the leading social media and streaming services are using the AI based functionality to moderate the user behavior and plan its strategy and user experience based on that.

Some of other concerns are AI based machines may overpower human. There are some possible impacts on employment which cannot be ruled out. However the gains in medicine space technology and other fields are very positive developments so the verdict is still not clear about the positives vs fears of AI and which is more relevant.

References

Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. (2019). A brief history of artificial intelligence: On the past, present, and future of artificial intelligence. California management review, 61(4), 5-14.

https://www.thestreet.com/technology/what-is-artificial-intelligence-14822076

Post 5

Artificial Intelligence

In this digital world, a huge volume of data is produced by the organizations and end-users that can explore hidden opportunities for them. To process this data intelligence machines with high capacity is required. Artificial intelligence makes machines capable to process huge data and give hidden information insights to organizations and end-users.  The term artificial intelligence was first used in 1956 by American scientists, John McCarthy. In these days, it was not used that much due to low computing power and low storage capacity of computers. However, today computers can store and process a large amount of data and artificial intelligence is making its place in this digital era. The artificial intelligence depends upon subjects like math, physics, psychology, computer systems, biology, neuroscience, and philosophy. The artificial intelligence programming helps in a lot of things that cannot be done by the simple programming language such as it reduces the effects of modification to the program and takes less time than other normal programming languages.

Artificial intelligence helps organizations to understand the situation of the market and make quick decisions that benefit them. Artificial intelligence makes the machines to think like humans and take decisions by processing the data from different resources. It is used with other technologies like data mining, data visualization, text mining, machine learning, deep learning, and human intelligence. Today artificial intelligence is used for simplifying small tasks.  It is used to reduce the workload of humans but complete dependency on AI machines will make humans lazy, and workless.  The artificial intelligence uses the five concepts of human intelligence they are reasoning, interference, learning thinks, problem-solving, and analyzing. These five concepts are used by humans to make decisions.   So far, artificial intelligence is used to make machine reactive such as the deep blue chess board game created by IBM that predicts the possible moves in the game without using memory, the self-driving cars that use less memory to store past information and take actions in the present.

Reference

Artificial Intelligence – What it is and why it matters. (n.d.). Retrieved July 01, 2020, from https://www.sas.com/en_in/insights/analytics/what-is-artificial-intelligence.html

Demystifying AI: Can Humans and AI coexist to create a 'hyper-productive' HumBot organization? (2020, June 12). Retrieved July 01, 2020, from https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/can-humans-and-ai-coexist-6453996/

Anderson, J., & Rainie, L. (2019, December 31). 3. Improvements ahead: How humans and AI might evolve together in the next decade. Retrieved July 01, 2020, from https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/12/10/improvements-ahead-how-humans-and-ai-might-evolve-together-in-the-next-decade/

Post 6

In the study of computer science the artificial intelligence can be understood as the intelligence which is demonstrated by the various machineries unlike the intelligence that is natural to the humans and animals. It is actually the software which could analyze the data for predicting and also for mitigating the issues with the actions that too without having any kind of human intervention. This is the technology that is wholly impacting the life of the users and it affected by technology of internet. It is predictable that in the near future the technology is growing to grow. It is changing the process of communication and the interaction of the humans (Teng, 2019).

 

            No wonders that in coming years the work done by the humans would be performed through the artificial intelligence, like there would be no need for a car driver as the cars would be self-driven which will not require any intervention from humans, there would be no need of human commands as the manufacturing units will be able to work through the robotics and these are just few names to take. When this would be the possibility then it is very sure that the humans are required to work on the compliances and regulations so that the artificial intelligence might not over power the human intelligence (Ibeas & de la Sen, 2006). Or else there would be the issue of employment because then the organizations will offer the jobs to the technical expertise or will go for buying expensive tools of artificial intelligence so that the work done will be of zero error with the help of the machineries.

Thus, for the humans to co-exists with the AI, it is better that they must be trained enough to work on the latest technology and regulations must be made so that the non-technical employees might not lose their jobs.

 

References

Ibeas, A., & de la Sen, M. (2006). ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND GRAPH THEORY TOOLS FOR DESCRIBING SWITCHED LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 20(9), 703-741. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839510600903718

Teng, X. (2019). Discussion About Artificial Intelligence’s Advantages and Disadvantages Compete with Natural Intelligence. Journal Of Physics: Conference Series, 1187(3), 032083. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1187/3/032083