research discussion -P3
najmah
discussion-part3.docxResearch discussion
The purpose of the discussion is to interpret and describe the significance of your findings in light of what was already known about the research problem being investigated, and to explain any new understanding or fresh insights about the problem after you've taken the findings into consideration. The discussion will always connect to the introduction by way of the research questions or hypotheses you posed and the literature you reviewed, but it does not simply repeat or rearrange the introduction; the discussion should always explain how your study has moved the reader's understanding of the research problem forward from where you left them at the end of the introduction.
1. Use appendix information below to support your discussion
2. Write 5-6 pages not including your references page.
3. Formatted according to APA writing standards.
4. Provide support for the proposal with in-text citations from 8-10 researches.
5. Start by rewriting your research questions (see questioner bellow) that you previously posed in your introduction. Then declare the answers to your research questions – make sure to support these answers with the findings of your dissertation.
6. Continue by explaining how your results relate to the expectations of your study and to literature. Clearly explain why these results are acceptable and how they consistently fit in with previously published knowledge about the subject. Be sure to use relevant citations.
7. Make sure to give the proper attention for all the results relating to your research questions, this is regardless of whether or not the findings were statistically significant.
8. Don’t forget to tell your audience about the patterns, principles, and key relationships shown by each of your major findings and then put them into perspective. The sequencing of this information is important: 1) state the answer, 2) show the relevant results and 3) cite the work of credible sources. When necessary, point the audience to figures and/or graphs to ‘enhance’ your argument. (all attached bellow)
9. Make sure to include a discussion of any unexpected findings. When doing this, begin with a paragraph about the finding and then describe it. Also identify potential limitations and weaknesses inherent in your study. Then comment on the importance of these limitations to the interpretation of your findings and how they may impact their validity. Do not use an apologetic tone in this section. Every study has limitations.
10. Conduct a brief summary of the principal implications of your findings (do this regardless of any statistical significance). Make sure to provide 1-2 recommendations for potential research in the future.
11. Show how the results of your study and their conclusions are significant and how they impact our understanding of the problem(s) that your dissertation examines.
12. On a final note, discuss everything this is relevant but be brief, specific, and to the point.
(All for your help)
Questioner
I- Socio-demographic Data:
A- Age: …………..years
B-Gender:
1- Male.
2- Female.
C- Marital status:
1 Single
2 Married
3 Widow
4 Divorced
D-Job Title:
1- Head Nurse.
2- Staff Nurse.
3- Nursing Aid.
E- What is the highest degree or level of education you have completed?
1- Diploma 2- Bachelor's Degree
3- Master's Degree 4- Ph.D.
E-Years of Experience:
1- < 1 year.
2- 1-5 years.
3- 6-10 years.
4- >10 years.
F- Nationality
1. Saudi
2. Non Saudi
II- Nurses’ Satisfaction Working in Intensive Care Units:
To what extent you agree with the following statements:
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Item |
Strongly Agree |
Agree |
Neutral |
Strongly Disagree |
Disagree |
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1. The cancellation of the vacation has negatively impacted my work |
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2. The increased working hours/ overtimes in ICU have negatively impacted my health |
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3. The increased working hours/ overtimes in ICU have negatively impacted my social life. |
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4. The increased working hours/ overtimes in ICU have negatively impacted my mental health |
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5. The management of this organization is supporting me. |
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6. I receive the right amount of support and guidance from my direct supervisor |
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7. I am provided with all training necessary to do my job |
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8. The amount of work is expected to finish each day is reasonable |
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9. All the equipment are provided for handling patients in the ICU |
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10. The working condition is favorable for me to do my work |
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11. The responsibilities assigned to me is within my capacity |
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12. There is effective collaboration with my co-nurses |
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13. My direct supervisor is able to address my questions or concerns |
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14. Moral in my department is high. |
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15. Within the last few months, have you thought about leaving your job |
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Questioner Data analysis
Table (1): Frequency Distribution of Studied Sample Regarding Their Socio Demographic Characteristics (N= 158).
|
Parameter |
N |
% |
|
Gender |
||
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Male |
29 |
18.4 |
|
Female |
129 |
81.6 |
|
Marital Status |
||
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Single |
83 |
52.5 |
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Married |
71 |
44.9 |
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Divorced |
3 |
1.9 |
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Widowed |
1 |
0.6 |
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Educational level |
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Diploma in Nursing |
42 |
26.6 |
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bachelor's degree in nursing |
110 |
69.6 |
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Master's degree |
6 |
3.8 |
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Job title |
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Head Nurse |
9 |
5.7 |
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Staff Nurse |
146 |
92.4 |
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Nursing Aid. |
3 |
1.9 |
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Nationality |
||
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Saudi |
18 |
11.4 |
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Non Saudi |
140 |
88.6 |
Table (1) shows the socio demographic characteristics of the nurses; regarding gender it shows that most (81.6%) of them were female and nearly half (52.5%) of them was single. Regarding educational level it shows that more than two thirds (69.6%) of them had bachelor's degree in nursing. Additionally it shows that majority (92.4% and 88.6%) of them working as staff nurse and their nationality is not Saudi.
Figure (1): Percentage Distribution of Studied Sample Regarding Their Age (N= 158).
Regarding age of studied sample figure 1 explains that nearly two fifths (40.5%) of nurses their age were 31 to 40 years followed by less than one third (32.3%) of them their age were 20 to 30 years.
Figure (2): Percentage Distribution of Studied Sample Regarding Their Work Experience (N= 158).
Regarding working experience of studied sample figure 2 explains that less than half (44.9%) of them their experience was more than 10 years followed by more than one quarter (29.7%) of them their experience were 6 to 10 years.
Table (2): Frequency Distribution of Studied Sample Regarding Their Self-Satisfaction (N= 158).
|
Parameter |
Strongly disagree
|
Disagree |
Neutral |
Agree |
Strongly agree |
|||||
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N |
% |
N |
% |
N |
% |
N |
% |
N |
% |
|
The cancellation of the vacation has negatively impacted my work |
67 |
42.4 |
27 |
17.1 |
35 |
22.2 |
14 |
8.9 |
15 |
9.5 |
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The increased working hours/ overtimes in ICU have negatively impacted my health |
61 |
38.6 |
37 |
23.4 |
39 |
24.7 |
15 |
9.5 |
6 |
3.8 |
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The increased working hours/ overtimes in ICU have negatively impacted my social life. |
68 |
43.0 |
37 |
23.4 |
29 |
18.4 |
12 |
7.6 |
12 |
7.6 |
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The increased working hours/ overtimes in ICU have negatively impacted my mental health |
42 |
26.6 |
29 |
18.4 |
55 |
34.8 |
17 |
10.8 |
15 |
9.5 |
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The management of this organization is supporting me. |
25 |
15.8 |
34 |
21.5 |
62 |
39.2 |
20 |
12.7 |
17 |
10.8 |
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I receive the right amount of support and guidance from my direct supervisor |
41 |
25.9 |
40 |
25.3 |
51 |
32.3 |
13 |
8.2 |
13 |
8.2 |
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I am provided with all training necessary to do my job |
53 |
33.5 |
46 |
29.1 |
44 |
27.8 |
11 |
7.0 |
4 |
2.5 |
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The amount of work is expected to finish each day is reasonable |
25 |
15.8 |
45 |
28.5 |
57 |
36.1 |
21 |
13.3 |
10 |
6.3 |
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All the equipment are provided for handling patients in the ICU |
23 |
14.6 |
42 |
26.6 |
50 |
31.6 |
23 |
14.6 |
20 |
12.7 |
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The working condition is favorable for me to do my work |
24 |
15.2 |
40 |
25.3 |
59 |
37.3 |
18 |
11.4 |
17 |
10.8 |
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The responsibilities assigned to me is within my capacity |
42 |
26.6 |
51 |
32.3 |
44 |
27.8 |
12 |
7.6 |
9 |
5.7 |
Regarding nurses’ satisfaction table 2 reveals that more than two fifths (42.4% and 43%) of nurses strongly disagree that canceling a vacation had negatively impacted their work and increasing working hours in ICU had negatively impacted their social life respectively. Also more than one third (38.6%) of them strongly disagree that increasing working hours in ICU had negatively impacted their health, while less than one quarter (26.6%) of them strongly agree that increasing working hours in ICU had negatively impacted their mental health. Additionally it shows that nearly one third (39.2% and 32.3%) of them neutral response regarding supporting their organization management of them and receiving support and guidance from their direct supervisor respectively. Nearly one third (33.5%) of them strongly disagree that they provided with all training necessary to do their job, more than two fifths (44.3%, 41.2% and 40.5%) of them strongly disagree and disagree that working load expected to finish each day is reasonable, all the equipment were provided for handling patients in the ICU and working condition is favorable for them to do their work respectively. In addition more than half (58.9%) of them strongly disagree and disagree that responsibilities assigned to them was within their capacity.
Table (2): Frequency Distribution of Studied Sample Regarding Their Satisfaction Continue (N= 158).
|
Parameter |
Strongly disagree
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Disagree |
Neutral |
Agree |
Strongly agree |
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N |
% |
N |
% |
N |
% |
N |
% |
N |
% |
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There is effective collaboration with my co-nurses |
51 |
32.3 |
58 |
36.7 |
38 |
24.1 |
7 |
4.4 |
4 |
2.5 |
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My direct supervisor is able to address my questions or concerns |
49 |
31.0 |
45 |
28.5 |
47 |
29.7 |
13 |
8.2 |
4 |
2.5 |
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Moral in my department is high. |
44 |
27.8 |
42 |
26.6 |
51 |
32.3 |
12 |
7.6 |
9 |
5.7 |
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Within the last few months, have you thought about leaving your job |
34 |
21.5 |
30 |
19.0 |
41 |
25.9 |
19 |
12.0 |
34 |
21.5 |
Additionally table 2 shows that more than two thirds (69%) of nurses strongly disagree and disagree that there was effective collaboration with their co-nurses, more than half (59.5% and 54.4) of them strongly disagree and disagree that direct supervisor was able to address their questions and moral in their department was high respectively. However nearly two fifths (40.5%) of them strongly disagree and disagree that within the last few months, they thought about leaving their job.
Table (3): Frequency Distribution of Studied Sample Regarding Their total Satisfaction (N= 158).
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Parameters |
N |
% |
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Low satisfaction |
142 |
89.9 |
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High satisfaction |
16 |
10.1 |
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Mean and SD |
2.8439±0.731 |
Regarding total nurses’ satisfaction table 3 reflects that majority (89.9%) of nurses had low satisfaction. In addition it shows that nurses’ satisfaction mean was (2.8439±0.731).
Table (4): Relation between Socio Demographic Characteristics and Satisfaction of Studied Sample (N= 158).
|
Parameter |
Mean |
SD |
F and T test |
Sig |
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Age/ years |
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4.778 |
0.003 |
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20-30 |
2.9542 |
0.60729 |
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31-40 |
2.9865 |
0.81331 |
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41-50 |
2.4575 |
0.64259 |
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>50 |
2.5905 |
0.62967 |
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Gender |
-0.020 |
0.984 |
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Male |
2.8414 |
0.84917 |
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Female |
2.8444 |
0.70594 |
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Marital Status |
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1.556
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0.202 |
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Single |
2.9133 |
0.69802 |
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Married |
2.7831 |
0.76018 |
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Divorced |
2.1556 |
0.74337 |
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Widowed |
3.4667 |
0 |
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Educational level |
0.694 |
0.501 |
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Diploma in Nursing 3.0111 .72837 Diploma in Nursing |
2.7381 |
0.67369 |
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bachelor's degree in nursing |
2.8752 |
0.75404 |
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Master's degree |
3.0111 |
0.72837 |
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Work Experience/ years |
3.675 |
0.014 |
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< one year |
2.2667 |
0.61824 |
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1- 5 years |
2.9886 |
0.62319 |
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6–10 years |
3.0270 |
0.73710 |
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>10 |
2.6920 |
0.74300 |
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Job title |
2.665 |
0.073 |
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Head Nurse |
2.5111 |
0.40000 |
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Staff Nurse |
2.8795 |
0.73737 |
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Nursing Aid. |
2.1111 |
0.73131 |
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Nationality |
-1.324 |
0.188 |
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Saudi |
2.6296 |
0.67649 |
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Non Saudi |
2.8714 |
0.73586 |
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Table 4 illustrates the relation between socio demographic characteristics and satisfaction of nurses, it illustrates that middle age of them from 31 to 40 years and young age from 20 to 30 years had significantly higher score of satisfaction (2.9865±0.81331and 2.9542±0.60729)) than older age from 41 to 50 years and more than 50 years (2.4575±0.64259 and 2.5905±0.62967) respectively whereas p value (0.003). Similarly it shows that significant relation regarding years of work experience whereas nurses who had experience from 6 to 10 years their satisfaction mean score was (3.0270±0.73710) where p value (0.014). In contrast it reveals that insignificant relation among satisfaction, gender, marital status, educational level, job title, and nationality whereas p value >0.05.
Age 20-30 31-40 41-50 > 50 32.299999999999997 40.5 18.399999999999999 8.9 work experience < 1 year 1-5 years. 6-10 years > 10 years 3.1645569620253164 22.151898734177216 29.746835443037973 44.936708860759495
