MIDTERM ON CHAPTER CAPTIONS , HEADLINES ,DIGITAL JOURNALISM
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DigitalJournalism.pptxMCM 206
Introduction to Writing for Mass Media
Digital Journalism
Media writing in three parts
Grammar
Words, punctuation, sentences
General
Ledes, captions, headlines
Specifics
Journalism, pubic relations, advertising
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
2
Media writing in three parts
General
Ledes, captions, headlines
In general, media writing is …
Part 2
3
The three C’s of media writing
Clear
Concise
Compelling
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Lede
One sentence
25 words maximum
Gets right to the point
Can stand on its own
Statement, not question
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Format
Write to target audience
Short, clear sentences
After lede, short graphs (1-2 sentences each)
Facts ordered by importance
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Headline
10 words maximum
Like lede: One sentence
Like lede: Gets to the point
Like lede: New or different
Like lede: Statement, not Q
Not clickbait
Verb (usually) present tense
Only very familiar acronyms
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Caption
Complement, don’t repeat, beginning of story
Identify people in first sentence
If action, use present-tense verb
Don’t state the obvious (walks, talks, points, etc.)
Where: indicate location
(Will use only in Advertising lesson)
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Media writing in three parts
Grammar
Words, punctuation, sentences
General
Ledes, captions, headlines
Specifics
Journalism, pubic relations, advertising
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
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Part 3
Broadcast Journalism
Public Relations
Advertising
Digital Journalism
10
Part 3
Broadcast Journalism
Public Relations
Advertising
Digital Journalism
This week
Next week
2 weeks
3 weeks
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Different missions
Broadcast Journalism
Public Relations
Advertising
Digital Journalism
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Different missions
Broadcast Journalism
Public Relations
Advertising
Digital Journalism
Inform
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Different missions
Broadcast Journalism
Public Relations
Advertising
Digital Journalism
Inform
Persuade
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Different missions
Broadcast Journalism
Public Relations
Advertising
Digital Journalism
Inform
Persuade
Sell
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Summary
Digital Journalism
Definition
Three functions of journalism
Journalism ≠ personal opinion
No. 1 obligation: Accuracy
Five W’s + H
Quotations for authenticity
16
Journalism defined
Digital Journalism
Web and especially mobile
Also applies to print
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Journalism defined
News and information in the public interest
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News and information in the public interest
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News and information in the public interest
New; timely
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News and information in the public interest
New; timely
Events
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News and information in the public interest
New; timely
Events
Near
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News and information in the public interest
Near
Important
New; timely
Events
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News and information in the public interest
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News and information in the public interest
Written for audience, not for source
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News and information in the public interest
Written for audience, not for source
Near
Important
New; timely
Events
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Three functions define journalism
Edit
Distribute
Gather
1. Gather
Interview
Observation
Documents
Press conference
Data
Gather
2. Edit
Clear (get to the point)
Concise (25 words max)
Compelling (new, interesting)
Edit
3. Distribute
Broadcast
Website
Phone
Social media
Distribute
True or false
True or false
“I get my news from Instagram”
True or false
“I get my news from Instagram”
“I get my news from Twitter”
True or false
“I get my news from Instagram”
“I get my news from Twitter”
Social media does not gather news
True or false
“I get my news from Instagram”
“I get my news from Twitter”
Social media does not gather news
It only distributes news
True or false
We may get news through social media
True or false
We may get news through social media
But news does not start on social media
True or false
We may get news through social media
But news does not start on social media
News usually starts with journalists
Journalism ≠ personal opinion
1. No personal pronouns (I, we, our)
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Journalism ≠ personal opinion
1. No personal pronouns (I, we, our)
We learned that bees can do math and teach us about artificial intelligence.
Bees can do math and offer insight into artificial intelligence.
PERSONAL OPINION
JOURNALISM
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Journalism ≠ personal opinion
Sometimes personal opinion columns have a picture of the author
Kuwait Times
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Journalism ≠ personal opinion
2. Good journalists practice neutrality or impartiality, like a referee
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Journalism ≠ personal opinion
3. Neutral words
Said
For example, use said, not claim (sounds untrue)
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Journalism ≠ personal opinion
3. Neutral words
Avoid single-word quotes, or scare quotes
The student said he was “happy” to take the exam.
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The most important thing
The most important thing about journalism is …
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Accuracy, accuracy, accuracy
Accuracy, accuracy, accuracy
Motto of Joseph Pulitzer (created Pulitzer Prize)
Three ways to seek accuracy
1. Through verification: Is this true?
2. Attribute information sources
3. Fairly balance multiple perspectives
Three ways to seek accuracy
1. Through verification: Is this true?
Three ways to seek accuracy
1. Through verification: Is this true?
Consider this example …
Three ways to seek accuracy
1. Through verification: Is this true?
Too many expats are why Kuwait traffic is bad, a member of Parliament said.
Kuwait Times, March 11, 2019
Three ways to seek accuracy
1. Through verification: Is this true?
Yes, expats make up 70% of Kuwait
Source: Kuwait Public Authority for Civil Information, 2019
Kuwaitis
30%
Expats
70%
Three ways to seek accuracy
1. Through verification: Is this true?
But, Kuwaitis own 69% of vehicles
Source: Kuwait Interior Ministry (Kuwait Times, March 9, 2019)
Kuwaitis
69%
Expats
31%
Three ways to seek accuracy
2. Attribute information sources
Three ways to seek accuracy
2. Attribute information sources
Thirty domestic workers from the Philippines have returned to their country because of abuse they suffered in Kuwait
Source: Arab Times, March 9, 2019
Three ways to seek accuracy
2. Attribute information sources
Thirty domestic workers from the Philippines have returned to their country because of abuse they suffered in Kuwait
Source: Arab Times, March 9, 2019
Accusation requires source
Three ways to seek accuracy
2. Attribute information sources
Thirty domestic workers from the Philippines have returned to their country because of abuse they suffered in Kuwait, the Philippines government said.
Source: Arab Times, March 9, 2019
Accusation requires source
Source
Three ways to seek accuracy
2. Attribute information sources
Good journalism reports the information source most of the time, so the audience can evaluate it
Three ways to seek accuracy
Words within quotation marks must be exact
“Kuwait may be a small country in size but she has a big and broad and compassionate heart,” Ban Ki-moon said.
United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon honors His Highness the Emir Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah on Sept. 9, 2014, in New York (Source: Kuwait News Agency)
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Three ways to seek accuracy
3. Fairly balance multiple perspectives
Some French legislators say the hijab is a symbol of discrimination and should be banned.
Other French leaders say the hijab should be respected as a personal preference.
Source: New York Times, Feb. 28, 2019
Journalism requires independence
Independence from those in power or sources
Government
Business
Source
Journalism requires independence
Never accept money from a source
Journalism requires independence
Never take sides
Journalism requires independence
Independence is like a brick wall
Why is independence so important?
So the audience can expect journalists to tell the truth
Journalism = 5 W’s + H
Who
What
When
Where
Why
How
Journalism = 5 W’s + H
A woman has apologized to officials at a zoo near Phoenix, Arizona, after she climbed over a barrier Saturday while trying to take a photo and was attacked by a jaguar.
Where
Who
What
When
Why
Source: Multiple news reports, March 2019
How
Quotations for authenticity
Quotations for authenticity
Women horse jockeys are becoming as successful as men.
“Women are stronger people than men mentally,” said Ted Walsh, the father of two women jockeys.
Source: The Guardian (UK), March 13, 2019
Rachael Blackmore, who claimed a Cheltenham Festival winner aboard A Plus Tard. (Photo by Healy Racing/TG4)
Summary
Digital Journalism
Definition
Three functions of journalism
Journalism ≠ personal opinion
No. 1 obligation: Accuracy
Five W’s + H
Quotations for authenticity
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Sample Quiz Question (1/2)
1. Journalism is defined as
News and information in the public interest.
People on TV giving their personal opinions.
Reprinting portions of Wikipedia.
Writers giving their personal opinions.
Sample Quiz Question (2/2)
2. Three functions that define journalism are to
Deny, debate, and destroy political rivals.
Gather, edit, and distribute.
Make fun of people, places, and things.
Rely on Instagram, Snapchat, and Twitter.
