Nutrition
A 69 year old retiree was diagnosed 5 years ago with type 2 diabetes. The patient is 5.7’ tall, weighs 178lb and has a waist measuring 40inches. He gets up multiple times during the night to use the restroom, especially after large pasta meals. He may feel unusually thirsty from time to time. Lately he has also been feeling unusually tired and fatigued. He has been unsuccessfully trying to lose weight for the past 6 months. He is not monitoring his sugar as recommended by his physician. The patient also has a family history of diabetes; as both his parents were diabetic. The patient has limited knowledge of self-management and states that he does not eat sweets and has never been sick in his life. He lives with his wife of 48 years. She scours the internet for information regarding diabetes and brings home supplements and herbal medications to help his condition.
He has never visited a dietician. He is referred to you by his physician. His dietary habits reveal excessive carbohydrate consumption mostly in the form of pasta, pizza and white bread. He prefers chicken and fish but these are usually combined with pasta in tomato or white sauce. He may sometimes eat fruits for snacks. He used to smoke, but has not done so for the past ten years.
Lab report
|
|
Patient |
Normal |
|
Blood glucose |
178mg/dl |
65-109mg/dl |
|
Lipid panel Total Cholesterol HDL Cholesterol LDL Cholesterol Triglycerides Cholesterol to HDL ratio |
162mg/dl 43mg/dl 84mg/dl 177mg/dl 3.8 |
<200mg/dl >40mg/dl <100mg/dl <150mg/dl <5 |
|
A1C |
8.1% |
4-6% |
Use the following links to help design a diet plan for ONE day to help this patient manage his diabetes
http://www.diabetes.org/food-and-fitness/food/what-can-i-eat/
Write a two paragraph analysis on how you would approach this patient and make recommendations to help him achieve his goal of losing about 20lb in a sustainable manner.
On the diet plan find ways to balance the following nutrients
carbohydrates (45-65% of the daily calories),
lipids (20-35% with < 10% saturated), and
protein (10-25% of the daily calories.
Diet plan should not exceed recommended levels of cholesterol or sodium. The plan should also be showing okay under each food group (the top line) and be within 200 kcal of the recommended kcalories per day and not go over the recommended “extra calories.” The amount of added sugar should be kept below 20 grams. Most of the vitamins and minerals should be as close to 100% (specially water soluble vitamins).