Thursday

Running Head: CRITICAL APPRAISAL 1

CRITICAL APPRAISAL 2

Critical Appraisal

Dailyn Diaz

Introduction to Nursing Research

03/1102021

With a formal paper, you need to be sure to start your paper with an introduction. This is where you will discuss the practice problem that you developed and why this is an issue for nursing.

Background

According to Sandri et al (2016), the number and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) reduce with ageing and chronic heart failure. It is important to understand how exercise can impact chronic heart failure development and in turn improve the number and functioning of EPCs. The study by Sandri et al (2016) sought to assess the effects of aging on the endothelial function and regeneration of EPCs in in patients with chronic heart failure and how to improve it through regular exercises. This is critical for the nursing profession as the nurses are able to understand from the results the advice to offer to the patients. The other research which is critical for the current study is by Vujic et al (2018) Exercise induces new cardiomyocyte generation in the adult mammalian heart. According to the research, there is little known about what regulates the ability of the heart to manage cardiomyocites. The purpose of the study is to find out if exercise has an impact on the birth of new cardiomyocites in the heart by using adult mice for the study. This is important in nursing in the regulation of heart diseases by referring the right intervention for the aging patients with heart complications. You did a good job with the background information. You did not address each element for the articles. To earn full points you need to address the research problem, the significance to nursing, the purpose of the research, the objective and the research question and this should be for both articles.

How Articles Support the Research

These two articles will be critical in answering the PICOT question for this study. The PICOT is: Among heart failure patients, does those who engage in exercise programs experience lesser hospital admissions due to heart failure than those who do not engage in exercise programs in their lifetime? Sandri et al (2016) gives an insight on the impacts of exercise on different age groups on the issue of heart failure. This shows how the aging are impacted by exercise on this matter. Vujic et al (2018) will give an insight into how exercise impacts on the regeneration of cardiomyocytes in the mammal’s heart. The loss of cardiomyocytes is one of the contributors to heart failure and thus, this information will be important in the analysis.

The two studies involve populations which are appropriate for this study. Sandri et al (2016) uses different populations in their study including the aging. This study studies the aging population and thus, the population is properly chosen. The second article, Vujic et al (2018) examines the generation of cardiomyocytes using mice. The mice is a representation of mammals which is commonly used in scientific studies. With the human beings being mammals, the study population is appropriate for use in the current research. Good discussion

Methods of Study

Sandri et al (2016) uses case-control study method. The study randomized 60 patients with stable CHF and 60 referent control to a training for use as control group. The training group exercised four times daily for four weeks under supervision. The second article, Vujic et al (2018), used experimental method in its study. The study uses mice to represent the mammalian heart which is the heart of human beings. Cardiomyogenesis is not easy and as a result, using a mice were the best option for the researcher. You didn’t really describe the method for the second article. You need to describe what data was collected, how it was collected and who participated.

These methods have both advantage and limitations. The use of case control study involves less time to complete the study. This is majorly because the disorder which is being researched on has already occurred. The control group thus acts as a point of reference when carrying out the research. On the other hand, this method is limited to finding a suitable control group which can be effectively used to guide the study. If a perfect control group is not found, it is very easy to make mistakes during the study. The experimental method gives the researcher a high level of control over the experiment. When using the experimentation method in research, the variables can be manipulated to create a scenario which allows observations to be made a required. However, this method is subject to errors when data is not properly collected. Good discussion

Results

The two articles present important results for this research. Sandri et al (2016) found out that the Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPC) increased on exercise for those above the age of 65 years and remained unchanged for the young people. The increase recorded was of 24 percent among those above the age of 65 years. This is a show that exercise was critical in increasing the EPC in aging population and thus, important for the reduction in the risk of acquiring heart failure disease. For those above 65 years of age who were in the control group, the number of EPC reduced in the course of the month since they were not subjected to the exercise. The results of Vujic et al (2018) were also found to be interesting and to provide instrumental information for the study. The article found out that cardiomyogenesis was activated by physical exercise in the heart of the mice. There was also a substantial increase in miR-222 inhibition in the mice heart when physical exercise was employed. The research also found out that there were new cardiomyocytes which were formed in the heart of the mice when it was exercised. This was a proof that exercising reduces the risk of heart failure.

The results of the two researches are instrumental in the new research. They offer primary insight into the possible results from the research. The two articles already give a proof that exercising is healthy in increasing the content of important compositions of the heart which are critical in reducing heart attack like the increase in the number of cardiomyocytes and miR-222 inhabitants as well as the Endothelial Progenitor Cells. The current research aim at finding the effects of physical exercise among the aging population in reduction of heart failure disease and thus, the articles provide crucial literature for review purposes. The results of these two articles is also important in the nursing profession. Caring for the aging who have heart failure problem is one of the primary roles of the nurses. They thus need to understand the best ways to handle these patients. With quantitative research, the results should be presented using numbers. What were the statistically significant results? What is the implication of the results to nursing

Outcome Comparison

The outcome of the current research is most likely to be similar to that of the two articles evaluated. The two articles provided positive results when exercise was used on different groups to reduce risks of heart failure disease. This is an important part in answering the current PICOT. The results of the two articles will thus have a great contribution to answering the PICOT question and thus, just as anticipated, exercise will have a positive effect on those suffering from heart failure and there will be less hospitalization among the group that exercises regularly compared to those who do not exercise. Good dicussion

References

Sandri, M., Viehmann, M., Adams, V., Rabald, K., Mangner, N., Höllriegel, R., ... & Gielen, S. (2016). Chronic heart failure and aging–effects of exercise training on endothelial function and mechanisms of endothelial regeneration: Results from the Leipzig Exercise Intervention in Chronic heart failure and Aging (LEICA) study. European journal of preventive cardiology, 23(4), 349-358. Retrieved From: https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487315588391

Vujic, A., Lerchenmüller, C., Wu, T. D., Guillermier, C., Rabolli, C. P., Gonzalez, E., ... & Rosenzweig, A. (2018). Exercise induces new cardiomyocyte generation in the adult mammalian heart. Nature communications, 9(1), 1-9. Retrieved From: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04083-1

You did a good job with this assignment. You did not provide an introduction to the paper. This is a big part of a formal paper and a good way to start the information. The background section was incomplete. You need to address each element for both articles to earn full points. The method section was good for the first article. The second article you did not describe as well. You provided a lot of information for the results but you did not use any numbers. With quantitative research, the results should include numbers and their significance.