Literature Evaluations

Diabetes Management

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Type 2 diabetes causes impairment in how an individual's body controls and uses glucose as fuel. This is a long-term condition that results in excess sugar circulating in the bloodstream, which can cause the development of disorders in the nervous, circulatory, and immune systems. The most suitable intervention for this disorder is to expose the patient to intensive lifestyle interventions through improved lifestyle through proper dieting to keep the sugar levels constant. The qualitative initiative for this disorder is to play the lead role in improving diabetes care quality by deploying real-time feedback with consistent glucose monitoring techniques and coaching on effective dietary practices for reduced carbohydrate consumption for patients with type 2 diabetes (Johansen et al., 2017). The education on this disorder will contribute to improved type 2 diabetes outcomes with fewer scenarios of extreme glucose levels. The patients will improve confidence in regulating an individual's health, leading to a better quality of life. The inter-professional model of care employed in this case will incorporate various health professionals, including diabetes educators, nurses, pharmacists, dieticians, and family physicians. These professionals will work together towards developing effective strategies to manage diabetes care, offer the necessary services, and make reference to community programs whenever possible (Huang et al., 2016). The place where these interventions will take place is in the healthcare facility.

Description

Type 2 diabetes is a common chronic disease in the United States with a prevalence estimated to affect more than 30 million people accounting for around 9.4% of the United States population (Gillani et al., 2017). As time progresses, the number of individuals with this condition continues to rise steadily, with a steady rate of 1.5 million American adults every year. Although lifestyle modifications and medications are increasing to improve diabetic control, a high proportion of patients contracting diabetes type 2 contribute to advanced contributions. Prolonged exposure to this form of diabetes can progress into many complications, including stroke and heart disease, which arise from induced oxidative stress (Fink et al., 2019). Type 2 diabetes also increases the risk of exposing the patient to microvascular complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and kidney failure.

In this case, effective intervention for type 2 diabetes will be intensive lifestyle interventions for the patient, which will involve practitioners working closely with patients to enable them to integrate new diet programs and healthy practices into their lives. This will be done better by coaching, counseling, and providing individualized guidance to the patient to assist them in undergoing successful changes in diet and improving the level of physical activity. The patients must follow up with practitioner’s multiple times during six months or longer (Chatterjee et al., 2017). The dietary elements can include provision with physical activity elements and tailored advice. The intervention will develop nutrition programs that will include a wide range of information, including weight loss goals or other elements associated with weight maintenance or loss.

On the other hand, the qualitative initiative will adopt a patient-centered approach by incorporating the patient preferences numeracy and focusing on addressing the underlying cultural barriers that threaten to compromise the efficiency of the intervention. Also, treatment decisions should be formulated on a timely basis to support critical evidence based on the patient's comorbidities, preferences, and prognoses (Gummeson et al., 2017). The collaborative efforts will be executed between different practitioners to ensure that the patient will access quality care that will enable them to enjoy a quality life and accomplish their life goals.

Impacts

Diabetes imposes a momentous economic burden on families and society because it is one of the most expensive chronic diseases to treat, including a total cost of $176 billion alone in direct medical costs in 2012 (Aminian et al., 2019). Therefore, enabling the patients to understand the different coping strategies that they can use to improve the quality of their lives will be important in providing a productive workforce and a reduction in healthcare costs. The intensive lifestyle intervention will ensure that the patient can follow up since it is not a strategy that will incur an additional cost from the patient's pocket. They have to make healthy choices by using the products they already have around their homes. On the other hand, the education programs will play an integral role in improving knowledge on strategies that the organization can use to maintain a steady blood glucose level reduce cardiovascular risk by maintaining an optimum body mass index and managing blood cholesterol. At the same time, the collaboration between different practitioners will increase the opportunity to identify effective measures that will play an integral role in boosting the patient's overall confidence and wellbeing of the patient.

Significance of the topic and its implication in the nursing practice

The significance of this topic is that it is addressing an issue that is already affecting many people and therefore developing an effective intervention will assist many people to understand effective coping mechanisms and assist the rest of the population on strategies to reduce contracting the disorder (Taheri et al., 2020). The impact of this topic to the nursing practice is that the medical practitioners will be able to accomplish their goals which is to produce a healthy population that is ready to focus on building the economy and nation.

References

Aminian, A., Zajichek, A., Arterburn, D. E., Wolski, K. E., Brethauer, S. A., Schauer, P. R., ... & Nissen, S. E. (2019). Association of metabolic surgery with major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Jama, 322(13), 1271-1282.

Chatterjee, S., Khunti, K., & Davies, M. J. (2017). Type 2 diabetes. The lancet, 389(10085), 2239-2251.

Fink, A., Fach, E. M., & Schröder, S. L. (2019). ‘Learning to shape life’–a qualitative study on the challenges posed by a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 2. International journal for equity in health, 18(1), 1-11.

Gillani, S. W., Sulaiman, S. A. S., Abdul, M. I. M., & Saad, S. Y. (2017). A qualitative study to explore the perception and behavior of patients towards diabetes management with physical disability. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 9(1), 1-10.

Gummesson, A., Nyman, E., Knutsson, M., & Karpefors, M. (2017). Effect of weight reduction on glycated haemoglobin in weight loss trials in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 19(9), 1295-1305.

Huang, X. L., Pan, J. H., Chen, D., Chen, J., Chen, F., & Hu, T. T. (2016). Efficacy of lifestyle interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 27, 37-47.

Johansen, M. Y., MacDonald, C. S., Hansen, K. B., Karstoft, K., Christensen, R., Pedersen, M., ... & Ried-Larsen, M. (2017). Effect of an intensive lifestyle intervention on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. Jama, 318(7), 637-646.

Taheri, S., Zaghloul, H., Chagoury, O., Elhadad, S., Ahmed, S. H., El Khatib, N., ... & Abou-Samra, A. B. (2020). Effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on bodyweight and glycaemia in early type 2 diabetes (DIADEM-I): an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology, 8(6), 477-489.