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PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY DISCUSSION POST 2

Carolina Gonzalez & Gorge Yakoub

Nur_631

Feb 5, 2023 • The study of pharmacokinetics focuses on the movement of drugs through the body (Staudt et al.,

2019).

• Pharmacodynamics looks at the biochemical and physiological impacts of drugs on the organism.

• Pharmacogenetics investigates how genetic variability can affect an individual's response to one drug or a set of drugs (Staudt et al., 2019).

• Pharmacogenomics examines how genetic variability affects an individual's response to all drugs.

• The first pass is the period it takes for the drug to reach its peak level in the bloodstream after it is taken.

• Half-life is the time it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated from the body

• Steady-state is the period of time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to become constant.

• Potency measures the number of drugs needed to create a particular outcome.

• Endurance is the body's capacity to become less sensitive to the drug over time (de Leon, 2020).

• Effectiveness is the drug's capability to create the desired result.

• Inhibitors reduce the activity of enzymes.

• Inducers increase the activity of enzymes.

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• The therapeutic window is the zone of doses where the drug produces the desired result with only a few negative responses (de Leon, 2020).

• The therapeutic index is an indicator of the drug's safety, which is worked out by comparing the amount of the drug that has a toxic effect to the amount of the drug that generates the desired therapeutic effect.

• Upregulation is when the number of receptors for a particular molecule or signal

increases, allowing for an increased response to that molecule or signal.

• Downregulation is when the number of receptors for a particular molecule or

signal decreases, resulting in a decreased response to that molecule or signal

(Fatunde & Brown, 2020).

• P450 enzymes are a family of enzymes found in the liver that act as catalysts in

the body's metabolism of certain drugs, including psychiatric medications

(Fatunde & Brown, 2020).

• These enzymes play a key role in breaking down psychiatric medications and

other drugs into their components.

REFERENCES

Staudt, M. D., Herring, E. Z., Gao, K., Miller, J. P., & Sweet, J. A. (2019). Evolution

in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: from psychosurgery to

psychopharmacology to neuromodulation. Frontiers in neuroscience, 13, 108.

de Leon, J. (2020). Personalizing dosing of risperidone, paliperidone and clozapine

using therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacogenetics. Neuropharmacology, 168,

107656.

Fatunde, O. A., & Brown, S. A. (2020). The role of CYP450 drug metabolism in

precision cardio-oncology. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(2), 604.

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