Political Science: Sustainment Operations

ELEMENT: J4

DEVELOP THE LOGISTICS ESTIMATE - OVERVIEW

MTG TASK SITUATION: CJTF has received a planning directive (e.g., Combatant Commander’s warning order, planning order). A Joint Planning Group has been assembled, and the planning of an operation is ongoing.

MTG TASK PURPOSE: Identify, coordinate, and integrate supply and services, transportation, engineering, medical, and maintenance operations and efforts into the JTF operation. The logistic estimate analyzes and compares COAs, and recommends a COA that provides the best logistic support for the concept of operation.

REFERENCES: CJCSI 3110.03D (SECRET), CJCSM 3122.01A (Limited Distribution), CJCSM 3130.03 (Limited Distribution), CJCSM 3150.14B CH2, CJCSM 3150.23C, JP 3-0, JP 3-17, JP 3-33, JP 3-34, JP 3-35, JP 4-0, JP 4-01, JP 4-01.5, JP 4-01.6, JP 4-02, JP 4-03, JP 4-05, JP 4-06, JP 4-08, JP 4-09, JP 4-10, JP 5-0

TASK STEPS

1. Conduct logistics situation analysis. a. Determine known facts, current status, or conditions of logistic forces provided in the Combatant Commander's planning guidance.

(1) Review guidance in the existing OPLANs, Warning Order, Planning Order, or Alert Order. (2) Assign staff responsibility for planning and OPLAN (annexes and appendices) development. Consider a functional approach (supply and services, transportation, engineering maintenance, health service support and contracting, if appropriate) with knowledgeable representation assigned to the JPG. (3) Perform logistics intelligence preparation of the battlespace/assess key areas and concerns.

(a) Recommend the size of the logistics footprint (if provided). (b) Determine joint missions assigned by the Combatant Commander to Service components. (c) Identify potential joint, common, and cross Service missions to be assigned to JTF components to avoid duplication of effort and maximize efficiencies. (d) Identify Combatant Commander-recommended stockage objective and accompanying supplies. (e) Identify the availability of host-nation support (HNS), coalition support, prepositioned stocks, and deficiencies in stocks/systems. (f) Determine gross force closure times using existing ports, transportation infrastructure and allocated transportation assets. (g) Identify bed-down/intermediate staging base requirements and environmental issues.

Plan or Order

Logistics Situation Analysis Develop

Log Options for Spt

Analyze Log Options

for Spt

Compare Log Options

for Spt Develop

Log input to OPORD

JTF J4

Staff Estimate Process

MA Brief

JTF Mission Analysis

Log Situation Analysis

Understanding the JTF’s mission

(h) Identify gross casualty and evacuation requirements. (i) Analyze the ability of the enemy to disrupt logistics operations. (j) Identify deployment and employment centers of gravity. (k) Conduct an initial logistic force structure analysis. This should include the availability of all required logistics assets and staging installations. (l) Conduct an initial logistic risk assessment. This should be based on the availability of strategic lift, support forces, support alternatives and the results caused by the loss of any support element or node.

(4) Conduct time analysis. The logistics staff must strive to stay ahead of the operational planning staff. Thorough logistics intelligence preparation of the battlespace will ideally provide the logistics staff with enough information about the area and situation to provide educated sustainment capabilities and limitations throughout the planning process.

b. Develop assumptions to replace missing or unknown facts. Examples include: (1) The status of forces at the probable time of execution. (2) The availability of prepositioned stocks and equipment. (3) The availability of strategic lift assets. (4) The use of reserve component logistics forces.

c. Analyze the Combatant Commander’s mission and intent from a logistics perspective.

d. Determine logistic forces limitations. (1) Things the logistics forces must do (constraints). (2) Things the logistics forces cannot do (restraints). (3) Others as appropriate.

e. Identify enemy and own forces center(s) of gravity (COGs) and tentative decisive points and critical nodes for support operations. f. Identify tasks to be performed by logistics forces.

(1) Determine specified logistics tasks. (2) Determine implied logistics tasks. (3) From (1) and (2) above, determine essential logistics tasks.

g. Determine the end state from a logistics perspective. h. Assist in developing the JTF mission statement. i. Assist in developing the mission analysis briefing for the CJTF (see Task 201).

2. Receive the CJTF planning guidance. CJTF should provide guidance at this point (see Task 202). Planning guidance should be disseminated to J4 personnel and the components. If needed, ask the CJTF for any guidance necessary for continued planning.

3. Develop logistics support options for each JTF COA. The logistics staff should now develop the general concept of support along with specific logistics requirements for each friendly COA. Consider:

a. Delegation of logistics directive authority for logistics from the Combatant Commander. b. Stockage objectives and accompanying supplies.

c. Priority for initial movement of supplies and equipment, by what mode. d. The overall concept for support (e.g., “push” system transitioning to a “pull” system of logistics). e. Develop logistics support options.

(1) Review the mission analysis and CJTF’s guidance. (2) Develop/refine common logistics requirements to support operations within the JOA. (3) Develop a clear statement of what is to be accomplished, including phasing of logistics operations (in coordination with the operations phasing). (4) Develop proposals for logistics support to military deception objectives. This could include decoy forward operations, staging bases, and aircraft or transportation assets. (5) Outline major logistics tasks to be performed, including supporting and supported relationships by phase and component. Identify tasks to be requested of supporting agencies (if any). This includes identifying potential intermediate staging bases (ISB) and forward operating bases (FOB). (6) Describe command and control (C2) means, and relationships for logistics support. (7) Identify any limiting factors (forces, material or equipment) that may disrupt logistics support. (8) Identify critical logistics functions or nodes that may impact support. (9) Identify critical main supply routes (MSRs) and chokepoints essential to the free movement of friendly forces, and support operations necessary to accomplish the mission. (10) Identify environmental support requirements and considerations in the AOR. This could include waste and material storage and disposal, salvage practices, water and air quality, erosion control, and protection of historical, cultural and religious facilities. (11) In conjunction with the comptroller, develop a plan for JTF contracting support. (12) Determine force sizing to accomplish the tasks.

(a) Test each COA input for feasibility (supportable). (see Task 204) (b) Provide input to the JTF COA statement and sketches.

4. Analyze logistics support options for each JTF COA (wargaming). Be prepared to contribute to the process of wargaming by mentally “fighting the battle” in time and space. The process may use the structure of action/reaction/counteraction sequences for phases, critical events (e.g., D-Day actions), or over a time line. The logistician participating in the wargame should develop additional details on:

a. Specific logistics tasks for components, by phase if known. b. Task organization of logistics forces throughout the operation. c. Command relationships (OPCON, TACON and Support).

JTF COA Development

Ways to accomplish the mission

Develop Log Options

JTF COA AnalysisWargaming

Logistics PerspectiveAnalyze

Log Options

d. Intra- and inter-theater movement requirements. e. Sustainment flow. f. Logistics decision points related to major events. g. Identification of branches (what if) and sequels (what then). h. Identification and management of risk factors.

5. Compare logistics support options for each JTF COA

a. Participate in determining the logistics criteria to be used for comparing COAs. Consider using the logistics functional approach with the JTF J4 determining the function’s feasibility.

(1) Address each COA using the agreed upon criteria (see Task 206) and evaluate each COA on additional logistics specific comparison criteria (if appropriate). (2) Determine transportation feasibility (gross) of the developed TPFDD. Provide force estimates and deployment requirements to TRANSCOM through the Joint Operational Planning and Execution System (JOPES) when available. (3) Compare relative success in accomplishing logistics tasks. (4) Evaluate all actions against risk factors. (5) Develop conclusions that address logistics supportability, known risks, and deficiencies necessary for the JTF Commander to select a COA. (6) Rank COAs for supportability.

b. Ensure that recommendations for logistics operations have been coordinated with all JTF components. c. Provide a recommendation to the CJTF.

6. Receive CJTF’s decision on the COAs. The CJTF may select or modify the recommended COA. Based on that decision, the JTF Commander’s Estimate document (or slides) will normally be sent/briefed to the supported Combatant Commander for approval.

7. Provide logistics input to the JTF plan/order. After the COA is selected, the plan/order is physically developed. Most of the information needed for this task should have already been developed through the estimate process (mission analysis through COA selection). Logistics operations input will be in many sections of the plan/order, however, input will primarily be made in:

a. Base Plan - Paragraph 4 - Administration and Logistics. b. Annex D - Logistics.

(1) Appendix 1 - Petroleum, Oils and Lubricants (see Task 216B and 216C). (2) Appendix 2 - Water Supply (3) Appendix 3 - Mortuary Affairs (see Task 216B). (4) Appendix 4 - Sustainability Analysis (see Task 216B).

JTF COA Comparison

Comparing COAs against a selected set of

criterion

Logistics Comparisons

Compare Log Options

Writing & issuing directives

Logistics Information

Draft Plan or Order

JTF Plan/ Order Devel

Develop Log Input

(5) Appendix 5 - Mobility and Transportation (see Task 216A). (6) Appendix 6 - Civil Engineering Support Plan (see Task 216D). (7) Appendix 7 - Nonnuclear Ammunition (see Task 216B). (8) Appendix 8 – Logistics Automation.

c. Annex L - Environmental Considerations (see Task 216B and 216D). d. Annex P - Host Nation Support. e. Annex Q - Medical Services (see Task 217). f. Others as appropriate (Contracting, etc.).

Note: For more details on plan/order formats, see CJCSM 3122.03A - “Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES - Vol II.” Also, other Appendices/Tabs may be developed as deemed appropriate to accomplish the mission.

ELEMENT: J4 TRANSPORTATION

TASK 216A: DEVELOP THE LOGISTICS ESTIMATE - TRANSPORTATION

(Relates to UJTL Tasks OP 1.1, 1.3, 4.1, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1)

MTG TASK SITUATION: CJTF has received a planning directive (e.g., Combatant Commander’s warning order, planning order). A Joint Planning Group has been assembled, and the planning of an operation is ongoing.

MTG TASK PURPOSE: Identify, coordinate, and integrate transportation operations and efforts into the JTF operation. The transportation estimate analyzes and compares COAs, and recommends a COA from a transportation standpoint.

REFERENCES: JP 4-0, JP 4-01, JP 4-01.1, JP 4-01.3, JP 4-01.5, JP 5-0, JP 5-00.2, CJCSM 3122.01, CJCSM 3122.03A

MTG TASK STEPS

1. Conduct the transportation situation analysis (Task 216A-01-J4). a. Determine known facts, current status, or conditions of transportation forces provided by the Combatant Commander, if any. b. Describe the transportation situation.

(1) Characteristics of the area of operations. Summarize data about the area with specific emphasis on factors affecting transportation and movement activities. These activities would include: weather, seasons, daily number of hours of darkness, terrain, roads, availability of real estate and facilities, host-nation support (HNS), limitations of country infrastructure, and other existing infrastructure. (2) Enemy forces. Review data from the intelligence estimate or area study. (3) Friendly forces.

(a) Air transportation. Determine the allocation of strategic and tactical air transport resources, air sorties, lift requirements, unload and offload capabilities, turnaround time, and local air transportation assets. (b) Sea transportation. Determine the allocation of sea transport resources (fixed and rotary wing), channel flights, air sorties, lift requirements, availability of Joint Logistics Over the Shore (JLOTS), Offshore Petroleum Distribution System (OPDS), Maritime Preposition Ships (MPS), sea containers, inland waterways/channel services, and port operator resources. (c) Road Transportation. Determine the condition of the road network, allocation of road transport assets, and inland transportation resources. (d) Rail Transportation. Determine rail network capabilities and allocation of military and/or HN rail assets.

Plan or Order

Transp Situation Analysis Develop

Transp Spt Options

Analyze Transp Spt

Options

Compare Transp Spt

Options Develop

Transp input to OPORD

JTF J4

Staff Estimate Process

MA Brief

JTF Mission Analysis

Trans Situation Analysis

Understanding the JTF’s mission

(e) Movement control. Determine the need for the deployment of a Joint Movement Center (JMC), assets/organization for all modes such as TALCE, ALCC, MCC and NCC. (f) In-transit visibility. Understand the use and availability of ADP, RFID, communications networks, and supporting systems such as the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES), Global Transportation Network (GTN), Global Decision Support System (GDSS), and World Port System (WPS) for reception, staging, onward movement, etc. (g) Intermediate Staging and Forward Operating Bases. Describe and provide the locations of these bases including existing facilities and installations/ arrangements that will support JTF movement operations. (h) APOD/E, SPOD/E. Determine capabilities (including throughput, staging areas, cargo/containers handling capabilities, Maximum On Ground (MOG), location, storage capacity indoor/outdoor, availability, limiting factors). Determine conditions limiting their effectiveness (including infrastructure, lack of facilities, physical security, existing damage) and policies regarding their use. (i) Supply. Determine the location and number of Pre-positioned War Reserve Materiel Stocks (PWRMS), stockpiled materials, and equipment to include all classes of materials. (j) Roads. Determine the condition of the road network including main supply routes (MSRs), choke points, bridge classifications/restrictions, speed blackout policies, special traffic regulations, and transportation policies. (k) Environmental Considerations. Describe the governing environmental laws, including transportation of hazardous material, waste storage, and solid waste. (l) HNS. Describe support agreements, treaties, rental and transportation contracts currently in place in the joint operations area (JOA) that can be made available to support the JTF. These could include the quality and quantity of transportation assets and equipment, water, food, fuel, oils, spare parts, snow removal, maintenance facilities, billeting, stevedoring and indigenous manpower, etc. to support transportation and movement operations. (m) Civil/Military Operations. Describe in detail requirements to support the civilian population during any phase of the operation. This support could include transportation, movement, evacuation, and support operations of refugees/displaced civilians/POWs. (n) Customs and Duties. Determine the rules and regulations of customs and duties to prevent interference with the expeditious movement of passengers, mail, cargo, and equipment.

(4) Time and space. Consider available time and space, distances, transportation request process including lead-time requirements, etc.

c. Develop assumptions to replace missing or unknown facts. Do not repeat assumptions from the basic guidance (see Task 201). Focus on additional assumptions regarding the transportation situation. They must be valid (logical and

realistic) and necessary (essential for planning to continue). Assumptions from the Combatant Commander are listed as facts by the JTF, not assumptions (see JP 5- 03.1). d. Analyze the Combatant Commander’s mission and intent from a transportation

perspective. e. Determine transportation force limitations.

(1) Things that transportation forces must do (constraints). (2) Things the transportation forces cannot do (restraints). (3) Others as appropriate (terrain, weather, etc.).

f. Review the JPG-developed enemy and friendly forces center(s) of gravity (COGs), and tentative decisive points for critical nodes for transportation support operations. g. Identify tasks to be performed by transportation forces.

(1) Determine specified tasks for transportation forces. (2) Determine implied tasks for transportation forces. (3) From (1) and (2) above, determine essential transportation tasks.

h. Conduct an initial transportation force structure analysis. This should include the availability of all required engineer assets, staging installations, PWRMS, known supply deficiencies, and availability of support alternatives (e.g., HNS, coalition/allied support). i. Conduct an initial transportation risk assessment. j. Assist in developing the logistics mission statement (to be included in Annex D of the OPLAN/OPORD). k. Assist in developing the mission analysis briefing for the CJTF (see Task 201).

2. Receive the CJTF planning guidance (Task 216A-02-J4). CJTF should provide guidance at this point (see Task 202). Planning guidance should be disseminated to J4- Trans personnel and the components. If needed, ask the CJTF for any guidance necessary for continued planning.

3. Develop transportation support options for each JTF COA (Task 216A-03-J4). a. Develop concepts of transportation support for each JTF COA in conjunction with the overall logistic support concept.

(1) Should be a clear description of what is to be accomplished during each phase of the campaign or major operation. Outline the deployment scheme for transportation and movement resources. (2) Support the transportation and movement aspects of the military deception objectives and story. This could include decoy forward operating and staging bases, aircraft, or transportation assets. (3) Refine (from transportation mission analysis) major transportation and movement tasks to be performed by joint transportation forces (including supporting-supported relationships, by phase and tasks, to be requested of supporting organizations or agencies).

b. Identify (in more detail) force structure requirements for transportation and

JTF COA Development

Ways to accomplish the mission

Develop Trans Options

movement support. c. Describe command and control (C2) means and relationships for transportation and movement support. d. Identify any limitations (must do or cannot do) or limiting factors (forces, staging areas, landing areas, material, or equipment) that may disrupt support. e. Identify critical logistics, transportation, and movement functions that may impact combat support. f. Identify critical MSRs, choke points, and traffic control requirements that are essential to the free movement of friendly forces to accomplish the mission. Conversely, identify areas that can be targeted to impact the enemy’s ability to move, resupply and provide transportation operations. g. In conjunction with the comptroller, develop a plan for JTF contracting support for transportation operations.

4. Analyze transportation support options for each JTF COA (wargaming) (Task 216A-04-J4).

a. Gather tools: (1) Review enemy and friendly COAs. (See the JPG for JTF COAs.) (2) Assist the JPG in preparing topographic maps of the operational area to include MSRs, bridges, watercourses, etc.

b. Identify available joint transportation forces, both combat and support. c. Review assumptions related to transportation

and movement. d. Review known critical events and decision points, specified and implied tasks, and decisions that must be made to ensure timely execution and synchronization of resources. e. Review or contribute to the selection of a wargame method -- generally action/reaction/ counteraction sequence and assessment. Include a method for recording transportation results. f. Participate in the wargame.

(1) Provide a perspective on transportation requirements related to friendly operations. (2) Combine/integrate (synchronize) joint force transportation operations to best accomplish combat and support objectives, within the context of the JTF COA under consideration. (3) Identify/adjust friendly force deployment requirements for transportation resources for the JTF COA under consideration. (4) Contribute to refinements or modifications to the JTF COAs and develop refinements to concepts for transportation support. (5) Contribute to branches, sequels, or additional critical events (transportation operations that might be required as a result of enemy actions not previously anticipated).

JTF COA AnalysisWargaming

Transportation PerspectiveAnalyze

Trans Options

(6) Contribute to defining information requirements (e.g., CCIRs, EEI/PIRs). (7) Contribute to JTF COAs for the associated military deception plan. (8) Identify more transportation tasks (requirements) to the JTF components. (9) Develop transportation input/information for the synchronization matrix, decision support template(s), etc., as appropriate.

g. Repeat the process for all combinations of enemy and friendly COAs. h. Determine whether transportation requirements can be met. If not, recommend corrective measures.

5. Compare transportation support options for each JTF COA (Task 216A-05-J4). a. Participate in determining the transportation criteria to be used for comparing JTF COAs.

(1) Address each COA using the agreed upon criteria (see Task 207) and evaluate each COA on additional transportation specific comparison criteria (if appropriate). Note the advantages and disadvantages of each proposed JTF COA from a transportation perspective. (2) Compare the relative success in accomplishing transportation tasks. (3) Evaluate all actions against risk factors. (4) Develop conclusions that address transportation supportability, known risks, and deficiencies to assist the CJTF in selecting a JTF COA. (5) Rank the JTF COAs for supportability.

b. Ensure recommendations for transportation operations have been coordinated with all JTF components. c. Receive deployment estimate(s) results from USTRANSCOM. d. Provide recommendations and conclusions to the CJTF.

(1) State whether the JTF mission is supportable from a transportation and movement perspective. (2) State which COA can best be supported from a transportation and movement standpoint. (3) Identify major transportation and movement deficiencies, and recommendations to reduce or eliminate deficiencies.

6. Receive the CJTF’s decision on COAs (Task 216A-06-J4). The CJTF may select or modify the recommended JTF COA. Based on that decision, the JTF Commander’s Estimate document (or slides) will normally be sent/briefed to the supported Combatant Commander for approval.

JTF COA Comparison

Comparing COAs against a selected set of

criterion

Transportation Comparisons

Compare Trans Options

7. Provide transportation input to the JTF plan/order (Task 216A-07- J4). After the COA is selected, the OPLAN/OPORD is developed. Most of the information needed for this task should have already been developed through the staff estimate process. Transportation and movement operations input will be in many sections of the plan/order. Some areas to consider for transportation input are:

a. Base OPLAN/OPORD - Administration and Logistics (Para 4) - As appropriate. b. Annex D (Logistics). Contribute transportation input to paragraphs:

(1) Situation (Para 1) - Assumptions, resources availability, and planning factors. (2) Mission (Para 2) - Overall logistics mission statement. (3) Execution (Para 3) - Concept of logistics support (Para 3a) and tasks (Para 3b). (4) Admin and Logistics (Para 4) - Mobility and transportation (Para 4.a.(4)). (5) Command and Signal - Command Relationships (Para 5.a.) - As appropriate.

c. Appendix 5 (Mobility and Transportation) to Annex D (Logistics) - Entire appendix as appropriate.

(1) Tab A (En Route Support Requirements) to Appendix 5 (Mobility and Transportation) to Annex D (Logistics) - As appropriate. (2) Tab B (Reception, Staging, Onward Movement, and Integration) to Appendix 5 (Mobility and Transportation) to Annex D (Logistics) - As appropriate.

d. Annex Q (Medical) Strategic Aero-Medical Evacuation.

Note: For more details on plan/order formats, see CJCSM 3122.03A, “Joint Operation Planning & Execution System (JOPES - Vol II).” Also, other Appendices/Tabs may be developed as deemed appropriate to accomplish the mission.

Develop Trans Input

Writing & issuing directives

Transportation Information

Plan or Order

JTF Plan/ Order Devel

ELEMENT: J4 SUPPLY AND SERVICES

TASK 216B: DEVELOP THE LOGISTICS ESTIMATE - SUPPLY AND SERVICES

(Relates to UJTL Task OP 4.1, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7)

MTG TASK SITUATION: CJTF has received a planning directive (e.g., Combatant Commander’s warning order, planning order). A Joint Planning Group has been assembled, and the planning of an operation is ongoing.

MTG TASK PURPOSE: Identify, coordinate, and integrate supply and services operations and efforts into the JTF operation. The S&S estimate analyzes and compares COAs, and recommends a COA from an S&S standpoint.

REFERENCES: JP 4-0, JP 4-03, JP 4-06, JP 4-07, JP 4-08, JP 5-00.2, CJCSM 3122.01, CJCSM 3122.03A

MTG TASK STEPS

1. Conduct the supply and services (S&S) situation analysis (Task 216B-01-J4). a. Determine known facts, current status, or conditions of supply and services (S&S) forces (petroleum, oils and lubricants; mortuary affairs; and sustainment) provided by the Combatant Commander (if any). b. Describe the S&S situation.

(1) Characteristics of the area of operations. Summarize data about the area with specific emphasis on factors affecting S&S. These characteristics include: weather, terrain, availability of facilities (e.g., POL, maintenance), host-nation support (HNS), limitations of country infrastructure (e.g., pipelines), and scheme of maneuver. (2) Enemy forces. Review data from the intelligence estimate or area study that could affect S&S forces. (3) Friendly forces.

(a) Present disposition of major S&S elements. (b) Probable operations/tactical developments. Review major deployments, unit maneuvers, bed-down/intermediate staging bases, existing fuel systems, and logistics preparations necessary in all phases of the proposed campaign/ major operation.

c. Develop assumptions (these assumptions will be reviewed later in the planning process – see task 216B-04-J4) to replace missing or unknown facts. Do not repeat assumptions from the basic guidance (see Task 201). Focus on additional assumptions regarding the S&S situation. They must be valid (logical and realistic) and necessary (essential for planning to continue). Assumptions from the Combatant Commander are listed as facts by the JTF, not assumptions (see CJCSM 3122.01).

Plan or Order

S&S Situation Analysis Develop S&S Spt Options

Analyze S&S Spt Options of Spt

Compare S&S Spt Options Develop

S&S input to OPORD

JTF J4

Staff Estimate Process

MA Brief

JTF Mission Analysis

S&S Situation Analysis

Understanding the JTF’s mission

d. Analyze the Combatant Commander’s mission and intent from a S&S perspective. (1) Things the S&S forces must do (constraints). (2) Things the S&S forces cannot do (restraints). (3) Others (weather, terrain, etc.).

e. Determine S&S forces limitations. f. Review the JPG-developed enemy and own forces center(s) of gravity (COGs), tentative decisive points, and critical nodes for S&S support operations. g. Identify tasks to be performed by S&S forces.

(1) Determine specified S&S tasks. (2) Determine implied S&S tasks. (3) From (1) and (2) above, determine essential S&S tasks.

h. Conduct an initial S&S force structure analysis. This should include availability of all required S&S assets, staging installations, pre-positioned war reserve materiel stocks (PWRMS), known supply deficiencies, and availability of support alternatives (host nation support, coalition support, etc.).

(1) Potential HNS agreements should address the following: (a) Labor support arrangements for port and terminal operations. (b) Available transportation assets in country. (c) Bulk petroleum distribution and storage facilities. (d) Other facilities. (e) Class I. (f) Possible supply of some Class III (bulk) and Class IV. (g) Other field services development and use.

(2) In a NATO operation, the S&S force structure of respective NATO nations should be analyzed since these nations have a collective responsibility for logistics support.

i. Conduct an initial S&S risk assessment. j. Assist in developing the logistics mission statement (to be included in Annex D of the OPLAN/OPORD). k. Assist in developing the mission analysis briefing for the CJTF (see Task 201).

2. Receive the CJTF planning guidance (Task 216B-02-J4). CJTF should provide guidance at this point (see Task 202). Planning guidance should be disseminated to J4-S&S personnel and the components. If needed, ask the CJTF for any guidance necessary for continued planning.

3. Develop S&S support options for each JTF COA (Task 216B-03-J4). a. For support operations:

(1) Develop concepts (or options) for S&S support of each JTF COA. This should be a clear description of what is to be accomplished during each phase of the campaign or major operation.

(a) S&S support to the military deception objective and story. This could include decoy forward operating, staging, and S&S bases.

JTF COA Development

Ways to accomplish the mission

Develop S&S Options

(b) Refine/develop major S&S tasks to be performed by joint S&S forces - - including supporting/supported relationships, by phase -- and tasks to be requested of supporting organizations and agencies.

(2) Identify (in more detail) force requirements to accomplish S&S tasks. (3) Describe possible joint command and control means for S&S support. (4) Further identify any limitations (forces, material, or equipment ) that may disrupt support. (5) Identify critical main supply routes (MSRs) and chokepoints that are essential to the free movement of friendly forces to accomplish the mission. Conversely, identify areas that can be targeted to impact the enemy’s ability to move and maneuver.

b. In conjunction with the comptroller, develop a plan for JTF contracting support for S&S operations. Examine options for contingency contracting to obtain supplies or services from the host nation, local vendors, or other U.S. support. Consider coordination and support through:

(1) US Embassy (if available) for emergency procurements. (2) Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) or the NATO Maintenance and Supply Agency (NAMSA) for contract administration services. (3) Civilian Augmentation Program (CAP) – a DOD program designed to pre- plan for the use of civilian contractors to perform selected services during military operations. The different Service CAP programs are:

(a) The Army Logistics Civil Augmentation Program (LOGCAP) is primarily used outside the continental United States (OCONUS) and focuses on base camp construction, base camp operations, and field services, and can include equipment maintenance and transportation. (b) The Air Force Contract Augmentation Program (AFCAP) provides for airbase operating support and temporary construction capabilities. (c) The Navy Contingency Contract Augmentation Program (CONCAP) is focused on construction and engineering services in support of natural disaster relief, humanitarian assistance, or military conflicts.

(4) International Agreements. Before negotiating contracts, consider international agreements including existing HNS arrangements, Standardization Agreements (STANAGs), Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreements (ACSAs), Implementation Arrangements (IAs), or other bilateral agreements to establish sources that are already in place. (5) Inter-Service, Intragovernmental Support Agreements (ISAs) that are developed between components to provide supplies or services for a specific period and, usually, on a reimbursable basis (see Inter-Service, Intragovernmental Support Agreements governing ISA procedures).

4. Analyze S&S support options for each JTF COA (wargaming) (Task 216B- 04-J4).

a. Assist the JPG in preparing topographic maps of the operational area to include MSRs, bridges, watercourses, etc.

b. Review the S&S support options (previously developed) for each JTF COA in light of forecasted or known enemy COAs. c. Review the capabilities of available joint S&S forces. d. Review the assumptions related to S&S. e. Review and/or contribute to the development of known critical events and decision points -- specified and implied tasks and decisions that must be made to ensure timely execution and synchronization of resources. f. Review or contribute to the selection of a wargame method such as the action/reaction/counteraction sequence and assessment. Have a plan to record the results of S&S factors. g. Participate in the wargame.

(1) Synchronize joint force S&S operations to best accomplish combat and support objectives, within the context of the COA under consideration. (2) Identify/adjust friendly force deployment requirements for S&S resources for the COA under consideration. (3) Contribute refinements or modifications to the operation’s COAs, and develop refinements to the concepts for S&S support. (4) Contribute to branches, sequels, or additional critical events -- S&S operations that might be required as a result of enemy actions not previously anticipated. (5) Contribute to defining information requirements (Commander’s Critical Information Requirements (CCIRs), Essential Elements of Information (EEI), Priority Intelligence Requirements (EEI/PIRs), etc.). (6) Contribute to the COAs for the associated military deception plan. (7) Identify more S&S tasks (requirements) to the JTF components. (8) Develop S&S input/information for the synchronization matrix, decision support template(s), etc. (9) Identify the advantages and disadvantages of JTF COAs from a S&S perspective. (10) Repeat the selected wargame method for all combinations of enemy and friendly COAs.

h. Determine whether S&S requirements can be met.

5. Compare S&S support options for each JTF COA (Task 216B-05-J4). a. Contribute to determining the S&S criteria to be used for comparing COAs.

(1) Address each COA using the agreed upon criteria (see Task 207) and evaluate each JTF COA on additional S&S specific comparison criteria. (2) Compare the relative success in accomplishing S&S tasks (advantages and disadvantages). (3) Evaluate all actions against risk factors. (4) Develop conclusions that address S&S supportability, known risks, and deficiencies necessary for the CJTF to select a COA.

JTF COA AnalysisWargaming

Engineering PerspectiveAnalyze

S&S Options

JTF COA Comparison

Comparing COAs against a selected set of

criterion

S&S Comparisons

Compare S&S Options

(5) Rank the COAs for supportability. b. Ensure recommendations for S&S operations have been coordinated with all JTF components. c. Provide S&S force estimates and deployment requirements to the Combatant Commander and TRANSCOM through the JOPES when available. d. Provide recommendations to the CJTF.

6. Receive the CJTF’s decision on COAs (Task 216B-06-J4). The CJTF may select or modify the recommended COA. Based on that decision, the JTF Commander’s Estimate document (or slides) will normally be sent/briefed to the supported Combatant Commander for approval.

7. Provide S&S input into the JTF plan/order (Task 216B-07- J4). After the COA is selected, the OPLAN/OPORD is developed. Most of the information needed for this task should have already been developed through the staff estimate process. S&S operations input will be in many sections of the plan/order. Some areas to consider for S&S input are:

a. Base OPLAN/OPORD - Administration and Logistics (Para 4) - As appropriate. b. Annex D (Logistics). Contribute S&S input to paragraphs:

(1) Situation (Para 1) - Assumptions, resources availability, and planning factors. (2) Mission (Para 2) - Overall logistics mission statement. (3) Execution (Para 3) - Concept of logistics support and tasks (Para 3 a/b). (4) Admin and Logistics (Para 4).

(a) Supply and distribution (Para 4.a.(1)). (b) Maintenance and Modification (Para 4.a.(2)).

(5) Command & Signal - Command Relationships (Para 5.a.). As appropriate. c. Appendix 1 (Petroleum, Oils, & Lubricants Supply) to Annex D (Logistics) – The

entire appendix as appropriate. d. Appendix 2 (Water Supply) to Annex D (Logistics). e. Appendix 3 (Mortuary Affairs) to Annex D (Logistics). f. Appendix 4 (Sustainability Analysis) to Annex D (Logistics). g. Tab A (En Route Support Requirements) to Appendix 5 (Mobility & Transportation) to Annex D (Logistics) - As appropriate. h. Tab B (Reception, Staging, Onward Movement, and Integration) to Appendix 5 (Mobility & Transportation) to Annex D (Logistics) - As appropriate. i. Appendix 7 (Nonnuclear Ammunition) to Annex D (Logistics).

Note: For more details on plan/order formats, see CJCSM 3122.03A - “Joint Operation Planning & Execution System (JOPES Vol II).” Also, other Tabs/Appendices may be developed as deemed appropriate to accomplish the mission.

Develop S&S Input

Writing & issuing directives

Supply & Svc Information

Plan or Order

JTF Plan/ Order Devel

ELEMENT: SUB-AREA PETROLEUM OFFICER (SAPO)

TASK 216C: DEVELOP THE LOGISTICS ESTIMATE - FUELS (Relates to UJTL 4.2)

MTG TASK SITUATION: CJTF has received a planning directive (e.g., Combatant Commander’s warning order, planning order). A Joint Planning Group has been assembled and the planning of an operation is ongoing.

MTG TASK PURPOSE: Identify, coordinate, and integrate fuels operations and efforts into the JTF operation. Analyze information pertaining to enemy capabilities, allied or host nation capabilities and limitations, and supportability of all potential COAs from the standpoint of petroleum product management. The Fuel Estimate should include a recommendation for the COA best suited for fuel support.

REFERENCES: JP 3-17, JP 3-57, JP 3-56.1, JP 4-0, JP 4-01, JP 4-01.1, JP 4-01.2, JP 4-01.3, JP 4-03, JP 5.0, JP 5-00.2

MTG TASK STEPS

1. Contribute to the JTF’s overall mission analysis (Task 216C-01-SAPO). a. Determine known facts, current status, or conditions of HTF HQ resources provided by the Combatant Commander. Review the situation as known at present. b. Conduct Petroleum Management Analysis. (Recommended sources of information are listed in parentheses.)

(1) Characteristics of the area of operations. Summarize data about the area with specific emphasis on factors affecting operational tempo, to include, but not limited to:

(a) Terrain. Availability and condition of road networks, airfield capabilities, railroad use and availability, port capabilities, and all factors that may affect fuel consumption and distribution. (J4JMC, MTMC-TEA) (b) Climate and Weather. Assess results on operational tempo. (J2, METOC) (c) Civilian Population. Collect historical statistics addressing types, source, and frequency of demand of various types of petroleum products. (J2, J4, J5) (d) Local Resources. The availability of petroleum products for contracting for host-nation support (HNS). (J2, J4, J5)

(2) Enemy forces. The enemy capability to inflict casualties on existing/potential petroleum products storage and distribution facilities. (J2) (3) Friendly forces.

(a) Number/type/disposition of major elements. (J3) (b) Expected tempo by operational phase. (J3)

c. Identify Command, Control, Communications, and Computers (C4) requirements. (J4, J6)

Plan or Order

Fuels Situation Analysis Develop

Fuels Spt Options

Analyze Fuels Spt Options

Compare Fuels Spt Options Develop

Fuels input to OPORD

JTF J4-Fuels

Staff Estimate Process

MA Brief

JTF Mission Analysis

Understanding the JTF’s mission

Fuels Situation Analysis

(1) Define C4 requirements that integrate all functional aspects of Petroleum Management (specific attention should be given inter-Service compatibility, linkage to/from forward elements through each echelon of storage/distribution). (2) Ensure all required capabilities are addressed (short-range, long-range, satellite, secure, etc.) and request dedicated, common frequencies for fuel operations. Ensure redundancy wherever possible. (3) Review CJCS Instruction 3150.14 for message text format requirements for REPOL and POLCAP. (4) Obtain the Combatant Commander Joint Petroleum Office report requirements.

d. Develop assumptions to replace missing or unknown facts (typical assumptions may include the following: no HNS available, Class IIIP movement will be limited by airlift availability, etc.). Do not repeat assumptions from the basic guidance; focus on additional assumptions regarding the logistics situation. (J3, J4, components’ staffs) e. Identify tasks that can be accomplished using joint Class III assets. f. Identify special considerations not covered elsewhere that may affect the logistics concept of support (e.g., WMD, PR, Special Operations, EPWs, migrant camps).

2. Receive the CJTF planning guidance (Task 216C-02-SAPO). CJTF should provide guidance at this point (see Task 202). Planning guidance should be disseminated to J4- Fuels personnel and the components. If needed, ask the CJTF for any guidance necessary for continued planning.

a. Although the CJTF planning guidance does not normally cover fuel-specific items, there is information that can be gleaned (implied tasks) from the guidance that will assist in developing the Logistics Concept of Support.

(1) Are A/SPODs and A/SPOEs identified or at least implied? (2) What fuel storage and distribution does the initial force structure require? (3) What is the Commander’s acceptable risk?

b. Ensure pertinent information from the planning guidance is passed to component fuel planners.

3. Develop fuels support options for each JTF COA (Task 216C-03-SAPO). The staff should now develop multiple friendly COAs. The J4-Fuels should:

a. Develop fuels support options for initial COAs. (1) Review the mission analysis and CJTF’s guidance. (2) Review the options for JTF fuels support.

(a) Fuel Planning. Availability and capabilities of lift for inter and intra-theater resupply, when will fuel usage peak, location of airfields and ports (A/SPOEs), availability of aircraft refueling crews and equipment, and bulk/packaged fuel replenishment. (J3, J4, J5, component staffs, DFSC) (b) Petroleum Logistics (Combatant Commander J4 JMC, Combatant Commander JPO, component staffs, DFSC).

JTF COA Development

Ways to accomplish the mission

Develop Fuels Spt Options

1 What is needed? 2 When is it needed? 3 Where is it needed? 4 How will it get to the JOA? 5 What is already in place, including for host nation support? 6 What are the critical shortfalls? 7 Will there be a lead/executive agency? 8 What Service should be the lead/executive agency? 9 What are the provisions of critical spares for fuel distribution equipment? (Combatant Commander JPO, DLA, component staffs).

(3) Identify potential fuel restrictions for specific locations (airfields, seaports, vehicle assembly areas, etc.)

b. Test each COA input for validity from a fuels perspective (see Task 204). c. Provide input to the JTF COA statement and sketches.

4. Conduct a fuel supportability analysis for each JTF course of action (COA) (wargaming) (Task 216C-04-SAPO). Be prepared to contribute to the process of wargaming by mentally “fighting the battle” in time and space. The JPG may use the process of action/reaction/counteraction sequences for phases, critical events (e.g., D-Day actions), or a time line.

a. Prepare to participate in the operations COA analysis. Review the following: (1) List of assumptions. (2) Limitations (constraints and restraints related to fuel support). (3) Fuel tasks and forces.

b. Participate in the operations wargame. The goal is to refine the concept of logistics fuels support to the JTF. Integrate (synchronize) joint force fuel operations to best accomplish operational objectives within the context of the COA under consideration. Accomplish the following:

(1) Define a clear concept of what is to be accomplished, by phases of the operation. (2) Outline the major petroleum management tasks to be performed by the JTF components, by phase. Include supporting/supported relationships and tasks to be requested of supporting organizations and agencies. (3) Outline the deployment scheme of petroleum management resources (storage and distribution facilities). (4) Identify friendly force deployment requirements for petroleum management resources for the COA under consideration. (5) Refine the list of petroleum management support forces. (6) Prepare a fuel support map overlay of the operational area. (7) Describe the command and control means and relationships for fuel support. (8) Determine sustainment requirements. (9) Integrate fuel support requirements for operational branches, sequels, or additional critical events.

JTF COA AnalysisWargaming

Analyze Fuels Spt Options

5. Compare and recommend a concept of fuels support for each JTF COA (Task 216C-05-SAPO).

a. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of each proposed COA. Develop a matrix using worst-case assessment criteria. b. Isolate petroleum management implications the CJTF should consider in his Commander’s Estimate. c. Finalize the sustainability analysis. d. State which COA can best be supported from a petroleum management standpoint.

6. Receive the CJTF’s decision on COAs (Task 216C-06-SAPO). The CJTF may select or modify the recommended COA. Based on that decision, the JTF Commander’s Estimate document will normally be sent/briefed to the supported Combatant Commander for approval.

7. Provide input to the JTF plan/order (Task 216C-07- SAPO). After the COA is selected, the plan/order is physically developed. Most of the information needed for this task should have already been developed through the estimate process (mission analysis through COA selection). The primary location for fuels information is in Appendix 1 (Petroleum, Oils, and Lubricants Supply) to Annex D (Logistics) to the JTF plan/order. See JOPES format in CJCSM 3122.03A.

Note: For more details on plan/order formats, see CJCSM 3122.03A - “Joint Operation Planning & Execution System (JOPES Vol II).” Also, other Tabs/Appendices may be developed as deemed appropriate to accomplish the mission.

JTF COA Comparison

Comparing COAs against a selected set of

criterion

Compare Fuels Spt Options

Develop Fuels spt

Input

Writing & issuing directives Plan or

Order

JTF Plan/ Order Devel

ELEMENT: J4 Engineer

TASK 216D: DEVELOP THE LOGISTICS ESTIMATE - ENGINEERING

(Relates to UJTL Tasks OP 1.3, 1.4, 2.2, 2.4, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 5.7, 6.2, 6.4, 6.5)

MTG TASK SITUATION: CJTF has received a planning directive (e.g., Combatant Commander’s warning order, planning order). A Joint Planning Group has been assembled, and the planning of an operation is ongoing.

MTG TASK PURPOSE: Identify, coordinate, and integrate engineering operations and efforts into the JTF operation. The engineering estimate analyzes and compares COAs, and recommends a COA from an engineering standpoint.

REFERENCES: JP 3-0, JP 3-34, JP 4-04, JP 5-03.1, CJCSM 3122.03A

MTG TASK STEPS

1. Conduct the engineering situation analysis (Task 216D-01-J4). a. Determine known facts, current status, or conditions of engineer forces provided by the Combatant Commander (if any). b. Describe the situation and engineering considerations through use of engineering Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace.

(1) Characteristics of the area of operations. Summarize data about the area with specific emphasis on factors affecting engineering activities. This includes:

(a) Weather and terrain conditions. (b) The availability of facilities. Describe and provide locations of key installations and other infrastructure that may support JTF operations. (c) The availability of supplies. Determine the availability and location of pre-positioned war reserve materiel stocks (PWRMS) and equipment. This includes Class IV, force protection materials, and construction equipment. In addition, determine the authorized levels of these supplies and any known deficiencies in stocks/systems. (d) The availability of host-nation support (HNS). Determine support agreements and contracts currently in place in the JOA that can be made available to support the JTF. These could include water, food, fuel, transportation, billeting, construction materials, etc. (e) Describe the environmental considerations. Executive Order 12114 and DOD Directive 6050.7 require completion of either an exemption or environmental planning documentation.

1 Determine if the operation will have a significant impact on the environment. If it will not, document findings in an Environmental

Plan or Order

Engineer Situation Analysis Develop Engr Spt Options

Analyze Engr Spt Options

Compare Engr Spt Options Develop

Engineer input to OPORD

JTF Engineers

Staff Estimate Process

MA Brief

JTF Mission Analysis

Eng. Situation Analysis

Understanding the JTF’s mission

Assessment with a Finding of “No Significant Impact.” If it will, complete either a Categorical Exclusion, Environmental Review, Environmental Study, or Overseas Environmental Assessment or Environmental Impact Statement as appropriate. 2 Determine the environmental compliance standards for each phase of the operation. A Joint Environmental Management Board (JEMB) may be employed to determine the environmental compliance standards for each phase of the operation. In general, the more secure the operation, the more environmental compliance standards are necessary. Environmental compliance standards may be addressed for air emissions, drinking water, wastewater, hazardous materials, hazardous waste, solid waste, medical waste, POL, noise, pesticides, historic and cultural resources, endangered species and natural resources, and spill prevention and response planning. Development of the environmental compliance standards must include consideration of any applicable international and host-nation laws. 3 Determine the environmental management practices that will be implemented. Consider implementation of periodic unit environmental coordinator meetings, internal environmental compliance unit inspections and audits, external environmental audits by the Combatant Commander, close coordination with host nations, and other environmental management practices.

(2) Enemy forces. Summarize data from the intelligence estimate or area study, with specific emphasis on enemy construction/repair and combat engineering capabilities (e.g., whether they are capable of environmental terrorism). Consider responses to worst-case scenarios for POL (spills and fires), drinking water (contamination), natural and cultural resources (degradation), and any other possible environmental events that may command adverse worldwide attention, even though they may not impede mission completion of the current operation. (3) Friendly forces.

(a) The present disposition of major elements. (b) Probable operations/tactical developments. Review major deployments, unit maneuvers, bed-down/intermediate staging bases, existing transportation system, and logistics preparations necessary in all phases of the proposed campaign/major operation.

c. Develop assumptions to replace missing or unknown facts. Do not repeat assumptions from the basic guidance (see Task 201). Focus on additional assumptions regarding the engineering situation. d. Analyze the Combatant Commander’s mission and intent from an engineering perspective. e. Determine engineering force limitations.

(1) Things the engineering forces must do (constraints). (2) Things the engineering forces cannot do (restraints). (3) Others - weather, terrain, etc.

f. Contribute to identifying enemy and friendly center(s) of gravity (COGs) and tentative decisive points and critical nodes for engineer support operations.

g. Identify tasks to be performed by engineering forces: (1) Determine specified tasks for engineering forces. (2) Determine implied tasks for engineering forces. (3) From (1) and (2) above, determine essential engineering tasks.

h. Conduct an initial engineering force structure analysis. This should include the availability of all required engineer assets, staging installations, PWRMS, known supply deficiencies and availability of support alternatives (HNS, coalition support, etc.). i. Conduct an initial engineering risk assessment. j. Determine the end state from an engineering perspective. k. Assist in developing the logistics mission statement (to be included in Annex D of the OPLAN/OPORD). l. Assist in developing the mission analysis briefing for the CJTF (see Task 201).

2. Receive the CJTF planning guidance (Task 216D-02-J4). CJTF should provide guidance at this point (see Task 202). Planning guidance should be disseminated to Engineer personnel and the components. If needed, ask the CJTF for any guidance necessary for continued planning.

3. Develop engineering support options for each JTF COA (Task 216D-03-J4). a. For combat operations.

(1) Develop a concept of engineering support options for each JTF COA.

(a) A clear statement of what is to be accomplished -- including phasing of the campaign or major operation. (b) Engineer support to the military deception story. This could include decoy forward operating and staging bases, aircraft, or transportation assets. (c) Specify ways (operations) and means (forces) to provide engineering support for the attack of enemy COGs and to prevent the enemy from attacking the JTF’s COGs. (d) Outline more detailed major engineering tasks to be performed by joint engineering forces -- including supporting/supported relationships, by phase -- and tasks to be requested of supporting organizations or agencies.

(2) Identify requirements for engineering resources. (a) Determine the possible APOD/E and SPOD/E. Understand their capabilities (including throughput, location, storage capacity indoor/outdoor, availability). Determine existing conditions that limit their effectiveness (including infrastructure and lack of facilities, physical security, existing damage), responsibilities and policies regarding their acquisition, construction, maintenance and repair. (b) Identify critical main supply routes (MSRs) and checkpoints that are

JTF COA Development

Ways to accomplish the mission

Develop Engr. Options

The concept of engineering support must be clearly defined for each of the COAs by the engineer

Rem inde

r

essential to the free movement of friendly forces to accomplish the mission. (c) Determine possible intermediate staging and bed-down bases. Describe and provide locations of these bases to include existing facilities, infrastructure and known deficiencies, responsibilities, and policies regarding their acquisition, construction, maintenance, repair and disposition. (d) Determine the possibility for Civil/Military Operations. Describe requirements to support the civil population during any of the phases of the operation. This support could include repairing damaged facilities, constructing medical facilities, housing and feeding displaced civilians, and repairing/expanding infrastructure. (e) Determine movement and maneuver support requirements. In coordination with the J3, describe in detail the mobility/countermobility actions to be taken by the engineers in support of combat operations. These actions include construction or clearing of obstacles and barriers and/or mine and countermine operations to enhance the friendly forces’ scheme of maneuver and restrict the enemy’s movement. Conversely, identify those areas that can be targeted to impact the enemy’s ability to move and maneuver. (f) Determine force protection support requirements. In coordination with the J3 and the lead for rear area operations (e.g., Rear Area Coordinator), describe the procedures and actions to be taken to ensure the forces under the JTF are protected. These procedures and actions could include construction of barriers and obstacles, airfield revetments, facility hardening, camouflage, decoys, etc.

(3) Describe the command and control (C2) means and relationships for engineering support. (4) Identify the engineering force structure (units) requirements in more detail to accomplish the tasks.

b. For noncombat operations. (1) Develop a concept of engineering support for each COA.

(a) State clearly what is to be accomplished. (b) Specify ways (operations) and means (forces/contract) to provide engineering support for operations other than war. (c) Outline major tasks to be performed by major joint engineering forces -- including supporting/supported relationships, by phase -- and tasks to be requested of supporting organizations and agencies.

(2) Identify force requirements for engineering resources. (3) Describe the C2 means and relationships for engineering support. (4) Identify the engineering force structure (units) requirements in more detail to accomplish the tasks. (5) Identify the environmental support requirements and considerations in the JOA. This could include waste and material storage and disposal, salvage practices, water and air quality, erosion control, and protection of historical, cultural and religious facilities, etc.

c. In conjunction with the comptroller, develop plans for JTF contracting support.

4. Analyze the engineering support options for each JTF COA (wargaming) (Task 216D-04-J4).

a. Gather tools. (1) Review enemy and friendly COAs. (2) Assist the JPG in preparing topographic maps of the operational area to include MSRs, bridges, watercourses, etc.

b. Review or contribute to the selection of a wargame method, such as action/reaction/counteraction sequence and assessment. Include a method for recording engineering results. c. Review the available joint engineering forces for both combat and support operations. d. Review the assumptions related to engineering. e. Review and/or contribute to the development of known critical events and decision points; specified and implied tasks and decisions that must be made to ensure timely execution and synchronization of resources. f. Participate in the wargame.

(1) Provide a perspective on engineering combat and support requirements related to friendly operations. (2) Combine/integrate (synchronize) joint force engineering operations to best accomplish combat and support objectives, within the context of the COA under consideration. (3) Identify/adjust friendly force deployment requirements for engineering resources for the COA under consideration. (4) Contribute refinements or modifications to the operation’s COAs and develop refinements to concepts for engineering support. (5) Contribute to branches, sequels, or additional critical events -- additional combat and support engineering operations that might be required as a result of enemy actions not previously anticipated. (6) Contribute to Essential Elements of Friendly Information (EEFI). (7) Contribute to the COAs for the associated military deception plan. (8) Identify major engineering tasks to JTF components. (9) Identify major requirements for engineering support to logistics operations. (10) Develop engineering input/information for the synchronization matrix and decision support template(s). (11) Identify the advantages, disadvantages, and risks associated with friendly COAs from an engineering perspective.

g. Repeat this process for all combinations of enemy and friendly COAs. h. Determine if engineering requirements can be met.

5. Compare the engineering support options for each JTF COA (Task 216D-05-J4). a. Determine the engineering criteria to be used for comparing COAs (e.g., facilities, MSRs).

JTF COA AnalysisWargaming

Engineering PerspectiveAnalyze

Engr Options

b. Compare the engineering support options for each JTF COA against the selected criteria. Matrices such as the ones explained in Task 206 may be useful (see the

sample in Figure 216D-1).

Figure 216D-1 Sample COA Comparison Matrix

(1) Refine the advantages and disadvantages (including risks) for each COA. (2) Develop conclusions that address engineering supportability, known risks, and deficiencies to assist the CJTF in selecting a COA. (3) Rank the COAs for supportability from an engineering perspective.

c. Ensure the recommendations for engineering operations have been coordinated with all JTF components. d. Provide engineering force estimates and deployment requirements to the Joint Operational Planning and Execution System (JOPES) deployment cell. e. Provide summarized comparisons and recommendations to the JPG for inclusion into the COA Decision Briefing (as appropriate).

6. Receive the CJTF’s decision on COAs (Task 216D-06-J4). The CJTF may select or modify the recommended COA. Based on that decision, the JTF Commander’s Estimate document (or slides) will normally be sent/briefed to the supported Combatant Commander for approval.

7. Provide engineering input into the JTF plan/order (Task 216D-07- J4). After the COA is selected/approved, the OPLAN/OPORD is developed. Most of the information needed for this task should have already been developed through the staff estimate process. Engineering input will be in many sections of the plan/order such as the following:

a. Base OPLAN/OPORD - Administration and Logistics (Para 4) - as appropriate. b. Annex D (Logistics). Contribute (as appropriate) engineering input to paragraphs:

(1) Situation (Para 1) - Assumptions, resources availability, and planning factors. (2) Mission (Para 2) - Overall logistics mission statement. (3) Execution (Para 3) - Concept of logistics support (Para 3a) and tasks (Para 3b).

CIVIL ENGINEERING SUPPORT

COA 1 COA 2 COA 3 FACILITIES APOD/SPOD INFRAST. MSRs CLASS IV CONTRACTS HNS MOBILITY

+ - - o + o - +

o + o o o - o o

+ o o + o + o -

JTF COA Comparison

Comparing COAs against a selected set of

criterion

Engineering Comparisons

Compare Engr Options

Writing & issuing directives

Engineering Information

Plan or Order

JTF Plan/ Order Devel

Develop Engr. Input

(4) Admin and Logistics (Para 4) - Civil Engineering Support Plan summary (Para 4.a.(5)). (5) Command and Control - Command relationships (Para 5.a.) (as appropriate).

c. Appendix 6 (Civil Engineering Support Plan) to Annex D (Logistics) – The entire appendix as appropriate.

(1) Tab A (Suggested Construction Standards for Military Construction and Civil Engineering Support of Joint Operations) to Appendix 6 (Civil Engineering Support Plan) to Annex D (Logistics) - As appropriate.

d. Annex L (Environmental Considerations) – The entire appendix as appropriate.

Note: For more details on plan/order formats, see CJCSM 3122.03 03A - “Joint Operation Planning & Execution System (JOPES Vol II).” Also, other Appendices/Tabs may be developed as deemed appropriate to accomplish the mission.

ELEMENT: SURGEON

TASK 217: DEVELOP THE MEDICAL SERVICES ESTIMATE (Relates to UJTL Tasks OP 1.6, 4.4)

MTG TASK SITUATION: CJTF has received a planning directive (e.g., Combatant Commander’s warning order, planning order). A Joint Planning Group has been assembled, and the planning of an operation is ongoing.

MTG TASK PURPOSE: Identify, coordinate, and integrate medical services operations and efforts into the JTF operation. The medical estimate analyzes information pertaining to enemy capabilities, allied or host-nation capabilities and limitations, and medical supportability of all COAs under consideration. The medical estimate should include a recommendation for the COA best suited for medical support.

REFERENCES: JP 3-17, JP 3-57, JP 3-56.1, JP 4-0, JP 4-01, JP 4-01.1, JP 4-01.2, JP 4-01.3, JP 4-02, JP 4-02.2, JP 4-02.2, JP 5.0, JP 5-00.2

MTG TASK STEPS

1. Conduct the medical services situation analysis (Task 217-01-Surg). (Recommended sources of information are listed in parenthesis).

a. Determine known facts, current status, or conditions of medical forces provided in the Combatant Commander’s planning guidance document (Warning Order, Planning Order, or Alert Order). b. Describe the medical situation.

(1) Characteristics of the area of operations. Summarize data about the area with specific emphasis on factors affecting medical activities to include, but not limited to:

(a) Terrain. Availability and condition of road networks, airfield capabilities, railroad use and availability, port capabilities, and all factors that may affect patient movement. (J4) (b) Climate and Weather. Effects on the types of DNBI incidents, air evacuation, sea evacuation, and pharmaceuticals; future weather conditions must also be considered. (AFMIC, J2, METOC) (c) Civilian Population. In terms of public health, collect historical statistics addressing the types, sources, frequency, and severity of diseases among the civilian populace. (AFMIC, J2, J4, J5) (d) Flora and Fauna. Types, prevalence, and distribution; preventive measures. (AFMIC, J2) (e) Local Resources. The availability of local food and water; medical materiel and supplies; associated implications on the PM Surveillance Program; contracting opportunities (labor). (AFMIC, J2, J4, J5)

(2) Enemy forces. The enemy capability to inflict casualties or impede patient movement; the general medical status of enemy forces and the subsequent result

Plan or Order

Develop Med Spt Options

Analyze Med Spt Options

Compare Med Spt Options Develop

Med input to OPORD

JTF Surgeon

Staff Estimate Process

Med Svc Situation Analysis

Med Threat Analysis

MA Brief

JTF Mission Analysis

Understanding the JTF’s mission

Med Situation Analysis

Med Threat Analysis

on the friendly medical workload. (AFMIC, J2) (3) Friendly forces.

(a) Disposition of major elements. (J3) (b) Expected combat intensities by operational phase. (JPG) (c) Estimated population at risk (PAR). (J1, JPG, component liaison officers) (d) Status/availability/location of MTFs and patient movement assets. (Combatant Commander Surgeon’s staff, components, J3, J4) (e) Status/availability/location of Class VIIIA and Blood. (components, J3, J4)

(4) Consider the available time and space, distances, and transportation lead-time requirements.

c. Identify Command, Control, Communications, and Computers (C4) requirements. (J4, J6)

(1) Define C4 requirements that integrate all functional aspects of medical support (specific attention should be given to inter-Service compatibility, linkage from forward medical elements through each echelon of care, patient movement from the point of injury (POI) through CONUS, and blood supply/distribution communications channels). (2) Ensure all capabilities are addressed (short range, long range, satellite, secure, etc.). Request dedicated common frequencies for medical operations. Ensure redundancy wherever possible. (3) Review CJCS Manual 6120.05 “Tactical Command and Control Procedures for Joint Operations” for message text format requirements, if applicable. (4) Obtain Combatant Commander Surgeon report requirements.

d. Develop assumptions to replace missing or unknown facts. Typical assumptions may include: no host-nation support (HNS) available; Class VIIIA, Class VIIIB, and patient movement will be limited by airlift availability, etc. Do not repeat assumptions from the basic guidance. Focus on additional assumptions regarding the medical situation. (Combatant Commander Surgeon’s staff, J3, J4, component’s staff) e. Ascertain Combatant Commander Surgeon Medical Regulating, Joint Blood Program Office (JBPO), and Single Integrated Medical Logistics Manager (SIMLM) concept of operations. f. Determine medical services force limitations.

(1) Things medical forces must do (constraints). (2) Things medical forces cannot do (restraints). (3) Other limitations.

g. From the Combatant Commander’s guidance, identify tasks that can be accomplished using joint medical assets (some areas include hospitalization, Class VIIIA and B, preventive medicine, and patient movement).

(1) Determine specified tasks for medical forces. (2) Determine implied tasks for medical forces. (3) From (1) and (2) above, determine essential medical tasks.

h. Conduct an initial medical force structure analysis. Compare what was provided in the Combatant Commander’s planning guidance to what is needed to perform the tasks developed above (only a first cut). i. Conduct an initial risk assessment. j. Assist in developing the medical mission statement (to be included in Annex Q of the OPLAN/OPORD). k. Identify special considerations not covered elsewhere that may affect the medical concept of support (e.g., WMD, PR, Special Operations, EPWs, migrant camps). (All staff) l. Assist in developing the mission analysis briefing for the CJTF (see Task 201).

2. Receive the CJTF planning guidance (Task 217-02-Surg). CJTF should provide guidance at this point (see Task 202). Planning guidance should be disseminated to medical personnel and the components. If needed, ask the CJTF for any guidance necessary for continued planning.

3. Develop medical services support options for each JTF COA (Task 217-03-Surg). Develop options for the following areas of medical support. These areas serve as the basis for Paragraph 3 (Execution) of Annex Q (Medical Services) in the OPLAN/OPORD.

a. The overall concept of operations - describe the overall concepts of medical support to meet mission requirements for:

(1) Transition. Concepts for transition from a peacetime to a contingency medical posture. (2) Responsibility and command relationships. State national Service responsibility. Indicate the responsibility and scope of medical support. (3) Hospitalization. Bed and staff requirements; when will the bed requirements peak; what is available by Service; what are the capabilities; how soon can they be in the AOR; how long before they are operational; will the right level of hospitalization be in place at the right time? (component staffs) (4) Patient Evacuation. The availability and types of air and ground platforms by Service; when will they be in theater? (J3, component staffs) (5) Host-Nation Medical Support. The availability in terms of hospitalization, evacuation, pharmacy, labor, etc.; when will it be available; value-added to the CJTF in terms of lift requirements, footprint, etc. (AFMIC, Combatant Commander Surgeon’s Staff, J2) (6) Adjunct Medical Support. If applicable, address the following: EPW, CI, DET, formerly captured US military personnel, evasion and recovery operations, noncombatant operations (NEO), and civil affairs. Outline concepts to provide medical care and treatment as well as personnel and material support. (7) The Joint Blood Program. When will it be required; where will it be stored; how will it be distributed; identify current sources, stockage levels, storage capabilities; and alternative ice/refrigeration sources. (Combatant Commander Surgeon’s Staff, Component Staffs)

JTF COA Development

Ways to accomplish the mission

Develop Med Options

(8) Preventive Medicine. Determine the threat to the forces. Consider endemic diseases, special immunization or chemoprophylaxis measures and their acquisition, local food and water hazards. Establish responsibility and mechanisms for performing required Disease and Non-Battle Injury epidemiological analysis and reporting IAW DOD Directives. (AFMIC, Combatant Commander Surgeon’s Staff, J2) (9) Theater Evacuation Policy. The objectives of the theater evacuation policy (see Enclosure E, CJCSI 3110.03, supplemental instructions for the JSCP (Logistics) and Combatant Commander policy). (10) Patient Movement. The availability and capabilities of lift platforms for inter and intra-theater regulating, when will patient movement requirements peak, location of airfields and ports (A/SPOEs), availability of AE crews, Patient Movement Item replenishment. (J3, J4, J5, Component Staffs) (11) Dental Services. The scope and responsibility for dental service in each operations area. (12) Veterinary Services. As necessary for the mission. (13) Medical Logistics. What and when is it needed; how will it get to the JOA; what is already in place; what are the critical shortfalls; will there be a SIMLM; what service should the SIMLM come from, what are the shortfalls? (Combatant Commander J4 JMC, Combatant Commander Surgeon’s Staff, Component Staffs) (14) Immunization. Identify immunization requirements for JTF personnel.

b. Tasks for components to accomplish. Refine the task list developed earlier in the mission analysis. c. Coordination requirements. Describe the coordination requirements (especially laterally among components).

4. Analyze medical services options for each COA (wargaming) (Task 217-04-Surg). a. Gather tools.

(1) Review enemy and friendly COAs. (2) Assist the JPG in preparing topographic maps of the operational area to include MSRs, bridges, watercourses, etc.

b. Review or contribute to the selection of the wargame method to generally allow action/reaction/counteraction sequence and assessment. Include a method for recording medical services results. c. Review the available joint medical forces. d. Review the assumptions related to medical services. e. Review and/or contribute to the development of known critical events and decision points: specified and implied tasks and decisions that must be made to ensure timely execution and synchronization of resources. f. Participate in the wargame.

(1) Integrate (synchronize) joint force medical operations to best accomplish medical objectives, within the context of the COA under consideration. (2) Provide a perspective on medical requirements related to friendly operations.

JTF COA AnalysisWargaming

Medical Svc PerspectiveAnalyze

Med Options

(3) Identify friendly force deployment requirements for medical resources for the COA under consideration. (4) Develop refinements to the concepts for medical support. (5) Integrate medical support requirements for operational branches, sequels, or additional critical events. (6) Estimate the duration of medical operations. (7) Develop medical input/information for the synchronization matrix and decision support template(s).

g. Repeat for all combinations of enemy and friendly COAs. h. Determine if medical services requirements can be met. i. Identify strengths and weaknesses of support options.

5. Compare the medical options for each JTF COA (Task 217-05-Surg).

a. Contribute to determining the medical criteria to be used for comparing COAs.

(1) Address each COA using the agreed upon criteria (see Task 207) and evaluate each COA on additional medical specific comparison criteria. (2) Compare relative success in accomplishing medical tasks (strengths and weaknesses). (3) Evaluate all actions against the risk factors. (4) Develop conclusions that address medical supportability, known risks, and deficiencies necessary for the CJTF to select a COA. (5) Rank COAs for supportability. See Figure 217-1 as a sample of a matrix used for comparisons. Also see Task 207.

b. Ensure that recommendations for medical support have been coordinated with all JTF components. c. Provide medical estimates and deployment requirements to the Combatant Commander (and therefore TRANSCOM) through Joint Operational Planning and Execution System (JOPES), when available. d. Provide a recommendation to the CJTF.

6. Receive the CJTF’s decision on COAs (Task 217-06-Surg). The CJTF may select or modify the recommended JTF COA. Based on that decision, the JTF Commander’s Estimate document (or slides) will normally be sent/briefed to the supported Combatant Commander for approval.

JTF COA Comparison

Comparing COAs against a selected set of

criterion

Medical Svc Comparisons

Compare Med Options

MMedical Support COA1 COA2 COA3

Reg Blood Hosp Evac VIIIA PM Etc.

+ + + +

+ + + + +

- -

- - - - -

- -

Area

Figure 217-1 Sample COA Comparison

7. Provide medical input into the JTF plan/order (Task 217- 07-J4). After the COA is selected, the OPLAN/OPORD is developed. Most of the information needed for this task should have already been developed through the staff estimate process. Medical input will be in many sections of the plan/order. Some areas to consider input are:

a. Base OPLAN/OPORD - Administration and Logistics (Para 4) - Refer to Annex Q. b. Annex B (Intelligence) - Provide medical RFIs. c. Annex C (Operations).

(1) Appendix 2 (NBC) - NBC medical support requirements. (2) Appendix 4 (Special Operations) - Support to special operations. (3) Appendix 5 (Personnel Recovery Operations) - Support to PR. (4) Appendix 9 (Combat Camera) - Refer to Annex Q. (5) Appendix 10 (NEO) - Medical NEO processing and health service support. Refer to Annex Q.

d. Annex D (Logistics). Contribute medical input to: (1) Basic annex:

(a) Situation (Para 1) - Assumptions, resource availability, and planning factors. (b) Mission (Para 2) - Overall logistics mission statement. (c) Execution (Para 3) - “Concept of Logistics Support” (Para 3a) and “Tasks.” (Para 3b) - As appropriate. (d) Admin & Logistics (Para 4) - “Medical Services” (Para a.(3)). Refer to Annex Q.

(2) Appendix 3 (Mortuary Affairs) - Medical examiner support. (3) Appendix 5 (Mobility & Transportation) - Evac/RTD policy. Evacuation operations requirements and abilities. Refer to Annex Q. (4) Appendix 6 (Civil Engr Spt Plan) - Health services support requirements.

e. Annex E (Personnel) - Basic annex - Medical RTD. Refer to Annex Q. (1) Appendix 1 (EPW, Civilian Internees, and Other Detained Persons) - HSS overview. Patient evacuation to CONUS. Refer to Annex Q. (2) Appendix 6 (Chaplain Activities) - Chaplain support to HSS.

f. Annex F (Public Affairs) (1) Basic annex - Immunization for the media. Refer to Annex Q. (2) Appendix 4 (DOD National Media Pool) - HSS for media pool.

g. Appendix 1 (Environmental Assessments) to Annex L (Environmental Considerations) - Wildlife hazards. h. Annex P (Host-Nation Support) - HNS and HS support. i. Annex Q (Medical Services) – The entire annex as appropriate.

(1) Appendix 1 (Joint Patient Movement System) - As appropriate. (2) Appendix 2 (Joint Blood Program) - As appropriate. (3) Appendix 3 (Hospitalization) - As appropriate. (4) Appendix 4 (Returns to Duty) - As appropriate. (5) Appendix 5 (Medical Logistics (Class 8A) System) - As appropriate.

Develop Med Input

Writing & issuing directives

Medical Svc Information

Plan or Order

JTF Plan/ Order Devel

(6) Appendix 6 (Force Health Protection) - As appropriate. (7) Appendix 7 (Medical Command, Control, Communications, and Computers) - As appropriate. (8) Appendix 8 (Host-Nation Medical Support) - As appropriate. (9) Appendix 9 (Medical Sustainability Assessment) - As appropriate. (10) Appendix 10 (Medical Intelligence Support to Military Operations) - as appropriate. (11) Appendix 11 (Medical Planning Responsibilities and Task Identification) - as appropriate.

Note: For more details on plan/order formats, see CJCSM 3122.03A - “Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES - Vol II.” Also, other Appendices/Tabs may be developed as deemed appropriate to accomplish the mission.