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Figure 1: The caption of a single sentence does not have a period at the end

5.1 Examples of unacceptable figures

The following two example show examples of figures that are unacceptable for Capstone Reports.

5.1.1 Example #1

In order to place the figure in this template using MSWord, select Insert Picture from File, and use wrapping that is top and bottom. Figure ‘2 rejected because the text is fuzzy and unreadable. It was probably obtained by taking a screen shot of the computer output of the author’s software. This means the original figure was 72dpi (dots per inch) on a computer screen. There is no way to improve the quality such a low resolution figure. In order to understand how poor the quality of this figure is, please zoom in slightly, say to 200%. Notice that while the font of the paper is clear at this size, the font in the figures is fuzzy and blurred. It is impossible to make out the small symbol beside the numbers along the abscissa of the graph. Now consider the labels Time and Cost. They are clearly in fonts larger that the text of the article, yet the pixilation or rasterization, associated with low resolution is obvious. This figure must be regenerated at higher resolution to ensure quality presentation. The poor quality of this figure is immediately obvious on the printed page, and reduces the impact of the research contribution of the paper.

Figure 2. Example taken from a paper to illustrate low image quality of figures that are unacceptable

5.1.2 Example #2

An author provided the high resolution image in Figure 3 that was sized to a single column width of 3.25in. Upon seeing the poor quality of the text, the author scaled the image to double column width as shown in Figure 4 at which point it took half of a page. Even at the larger size, the text in this figure is unreadable, and it is doubtful that the author can print the output in a way that it is readable.

Figure 3. Another example of a figure with unreadable text.

Figure 4. A figure expanded to double size width from Figure 3 illustrating that the text is still unreadable.

6. Tables

Tables should be included in the main text (see Table 1), as close to the point of their introduction as possible. It is noted that figure and table numbering should be independent. The body of the table should be no smaller than 7 point font. Captions should fully describe the table and their guidelines are as follows:

· 10 point Times New Roman, centered;

· Placed above the table

· Leave one blank line above only.

· If not full width, center on page. If landscape mode (full-page tables only), table should face outward on page, i.e., top of table is at the inner margin.

· Left-align text column headings and entries; center numeric column headings and entries.

· If you must break a table between two pages:

· Repeat header row at top of second page.

· Include “continued” at bottom right on first page.

· Use “Table xx, continued” in caption location on second page.

· For example, see Table 1 below.

Table 1: Example table for demonstration

	Conservative	Epoch	Improvement (%)
Six epochs	Federation run time	1.1	0.44	62.8
	Number of time advance messages exchanged	9470	1027	89.2
	Number of checking messages exchanged	34302	23533	31.4

7. Equations

Equations can be presented in two ways: as an element within the surrounding text (“in-line”), or offset from the surrounding text (“displayed”).

7.1 In-line Equations

Use in-line equations when all three of these conditions apply:

1. The equation does not need vertical space for integrals, fractions, etc.

2. The equation can be expressed without breaking the flow of the sentence.

3. The equation will not be referenced again in the report.

Example:

The enthalpy of a homogeneous system (H) is calculated as H = U + pV, where U is the system’s internal energy, p is the system pressure, and V is the system volume.

If your equation does not meet any of the above criteria, use a displayed equation.

7.2 Displayed Equations

Offset displayed equations from the surrounding text by placing them on a separate line and either indenting or centering them. Number displayed equations sequentially in order of appearance in text, and put the equation number in parentheses to the right of the equation.

Example:

= E (1)

Displayed equations that do not fit on a single line should be broken into two or more lines, with line breaks occurring at operators, each subsequent line tabbed farther right, and the equation number on the lowest line (or one line below).

Example:

Lk(xk, dk, λk) = U (xk) + λk(1 – lk(xk, dk)) + Exk + 1 |xk, dk {max Lk + 1(xk + 1)} (2)

7.3 General Guidelines for Equation Presentation

As with tables and figures, you must introduce equations in text prior to presenting them. Immediately following the equation, define all equation variables in running text. (Or, for extensive variables listings, tabular format may be appropriate).

Example:

The stress-strain relationship for a linear-elastic member in uniaxial tension is defined as follows:

= E (1)

where is the stress, E is Young’s modulus, and is the strain. The project described in this proposal will investigate the applicability of this relationship to some nontraditional materials.

Use italic font for variables, both within the formula itself and when defining them. Use roman font for mathematical functions and numbers.

To refer to an equation in text, use “Eq. (#),” e.g., Eq. (3). If you start a sentence with an equation reference, spell the word out, e.g., Equation (3).

8. Use of SI Units

Capstone papers should use SI units. When preference is given to SI units, the U.S. customary units may be given in parentheses or omitted. When U.S. customary units are given preference, the SI equivalent shall be provided in parentheses or in a supplementary table.

9. Page Numbers

Page numbers should appear in the footer of all pages

10. Acknowledgements

Acknowledgement of funding support and/or any other kind of assistance should be contained in an "Acknowledgements" section (this section should have no section number), located immediately before the "References" section. This section is ONLY required for the final project report in MIME 498.

11. References and Citations from Texts

References should be numbered sequentially by order of occurrence in the text and listed in a separate section labeled References (this section should have no section number) at the end of the document. Within the text, they should be cited by the corresponding list number, which should be enclosed in brackets [1]. If you refer to two documents, use the following format [6, 7]. If you refer to more than three documents listed consecutively, use the format [5-8]. Follow the Capstone Style Guide for proper reference format.

12. Appendices

Avoid Appendices if possible. If required they will appear after the References section and have no section number.

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