Week 9 Assignment

Literature Review

Introduction

The significant impairments produced by ADHD include; difficulty maintaining focus, hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention, and distractibility. These symptoms affect adults in a variety of ways.

Hyperactivity can cause problems with social relationships and work. Adults with ADHD are often misdiagnosed with other mental health disorders because they present differently from children with ADHD. This misdiagnosis can lead to the adult suffering from untreated ADHD symptoms for years before seeking help for their condition. The symptoms of ADHD may also make it difficult for some adults to hold down jobs or relationships with others (Weibel et al., 2020).

Impulsivity can negatively impact an adult's ability to make good decisions when it comes time to act on those decisions. In addition, impulsivity can cause problems with personal hygiene. Hygiene habits that are important for personal hygiene habits, such as brushing teeth or flossing regularly, are essential for good oral health. That leads to potential tooth decay or gum disease later in life if not addressed early on by a dentist specializing in treating dental issues caused by tooth decay or gum disease caused by other conditions such as diabetes).

Inattention is another significant impairment produced by ADHD that impacts adults in many ways, including a lack of motivation and poor organizational skills (Castells et al., 2018).

Neurodevelopmental disorders consist of a group of disorders characterized by early-onset, severe intellectual disability, and severe physical impairments. There are several different types of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), bipolar disorder with psychotic features (BDP), and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). These conditions are characterized by social, behavioral, and cognitive abnormalities that start in childhood or adolescence (Morris-Rosendahl et al., 2021).

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social impairment and impaired communication skills. More than half of those diagnosed with ASD have very high levels of intellect; however, IQ scores below 70 are not uncommon. The average IQ score for children with ASD is between 50 to 70—lower than that of typically developing children but higher than that of individuals with learning disabilities (Parenti et al., 2020).

Asperger syndrome is a form of ASD that presents at a younger age than typical cases. People with Asperger syndrome typically know how to communicate verbally but may struggle with complex social interactions, body language, and gestures such as eye contact and facial expressions.

References

Weibel, S., Menard, O., Ionita, A., Boumendjel, M., Cabelguen, C., Kraemer, C., ... & Lopez, R. (2020). Practical considerations for evaluating and managing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults. L'encephale, 46(1), 30-40.

Castells, X., Blanco‐Silvente, L., & Cunill, R. (2018). Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (8).

Parenti, I., Rabaneda, L. G., Schoen, H., & Novarino, G. (2020). Neurodevelopmental disorders: from genetics to functional pathways. Trends in Neurosciences, 43(8), 608-621.

Morris-Rosendahl, D. J., & Crocq, M. A. (2022). Neurodevelopmental disorders—the history and future of a diagnostic concept. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience