Peer editing NEED BY 10/2 11am pst time!

APA Citation

Purpose

Method

Sample

Findings

Themes

Similarities

Uniqueness

Source 2:

Dodge, M., Bosick, S., Antwerp, V., & Benson, M. (2013). Do Men and Women Perceive White-Collar and Street Crime Differently? Exploring Gender Differences in the Perception of Seriousness, Motives, and Punishment. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 29(3), 399-415.

The purpose of this article is to investigate perception of white-collar crime with a focus on gender. This article talks about the relationship between crime type and the respondent’s perception of appropriate punishment and Its relation to gender.

This is a secondary analysis. Data was collected from 900 El Paso County residents in 2011. They read a scenario and were asked to answer some questions.

Each person was asked to read 1 crime scenario. They were given 1 of 6 crime types, either street crime or white-collar crime. Then, they had to rate: the seriousness of the crime, type of punishment deserved, remorse felt by defendant and extent to which the crime was motivated by greed and stress.

White-collar crime was found to be as serious as street crime. Ponzi crime received the highest ratings for seriousness, while prostitution received the lowest. Every white-collar crime received a higher rating for greed than street crime. White-collar offenders were not viewed as having more stress.

Women’s perspective on white-collar crimes.

Men’s perspective on white-collar crimes.

I found this unique because the data showed that prostitution had the lowest seriousness in crime. I feel that is a new way of thinking compared to years in the past where prostitution was a huge epidemic.

Source 3:

Leeper Piquero, N., Carmichael, S., & Piquero, A. (2008). Research Note: Assessing the Perceived Seriousness of White-Collar and Street Crimes. Crime & Delinquency, 54(2), 291-312.

The purpose of this study is to compare the seriousness ratings of several white-collar and street crimes and examines the factors that distinguish seriousness ratings across the crime types.

This is a secondary analysis. The National White-Collar Crime Center conducted a single session telephone interview of U.S citizens using a random digit dialing system.

Survey participants were asked to compare the seriousness of white-collar crimes to street crimes. 6 different scenarios were split into two different groups.

Certain types of white-collar crimes are ranked as more serious than street crimes and that a limited set of demographic correlates distinguish seriousness ratings across the two crime types.

Public’s view on white-collar crimes.

Ratings of white-collar crimes.

I like this survey because I felt it was done in the most random way possibly, which gives better results.

Source 5

Michel, C. (2016). Violent Street Crime Versus Harmful White-Collar Crime: A Comparison of Perceived Seriousness and Punitiveness. Critical Criminology, 24(1), 127-143.

The purpose of this study was to better understand the publics feelings towards white-collar crimes in contrast with violent street crimes.

A survey was made available on Mechanical Turk on 04/1/13 for 500 participants. They were asked to read vignettes describing violent street crimes and physically harmful white-collar crimes, compare their seriousness, and determine appropriate sanctions.

They compared the sentiments about white-collar crimes and violent street crimes. The measures included; subjects’ perceived seriousness of these offenses, and their punitiveness toward their respective perpetrators.

Participants perceived the violent crime scenarios presented to them to be more serious than harmful white-collar crime vignettes. So, they were less punitive toward white-collar offenders compared with street criminals.

Public’s feelings towards white collar crimes.

Publics feelings towards violent street crimes.

I find this study unique because it was the first one I read that actually discarded some of its surveys due to incompletes and those who completed the survey too quickly.

Source 1:

Poortinga, E., Lemmen, C. and Jibson, M. (2006). A Case Control Study: White‐Collar Defendants Compared With Defendants Charged With Other Nonviolent Theft. [online] Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. Available at: http://jaapl.org/content/34/1/82 [Accessed 25 Sep. 2019].

The purpose of this study was to examine a clinical, criminal and sociodemographic characteristics of all white-collar crime defendants referred to the evaluation unit of a state center for forensic psychiatry.

The data was collected by adding up all defendants charged with white-collar crimes (73) and all other crimes from 1991 to 2002. Control subjects were selected from defendants remanded to the Michigan Center for Forensic Psychiatry by the courts for psychiatric assessment.

They reviewed evaluation letters to the court, police reports, and prior medical records. They also investigated symptoms of depression before and after the defendant was charged.

White-collar defendants were found to be mostly white, more years of education, and a lower likelihood of substance abuse than nonviolent theft.

White –collar offenders clinical characteristics.

White-collar offenders' sociodemographic characteristics.

Demographics of nonviolent theft criminals.

I found this unique because most other studies focused on white-collar crimes versus violent crimes, and this one focused on nonviolent crimes.

Source 4:

Watt, R. (2012). University students' propensity towards white-collar versus street crime. Studies by Undergraduate Researchers at Guelph, 5(2), 5.

Students at a university studied the role that personality plays in explaining the causes of white-collar crimes.

Guelph University students were emailed a link to a survey.

SurveyMonkey was used to collect the data. They were asked to rate personal statements from 1-7. The statements regarded desire for control, self-control, crimes and vignettes

The findings found that self-control has the most significant effect on offending, but only when students indicated that they were willing to commit both street and white-collar crime. Desire for control did not predict a propensity towards committing either types of crime.

Crime profiling, personality traits in crime offenders,

I found this one unique because the study focused on students at a university and their willingness to commit a crime. Other studies were based on others committing crimes.