CONSTRUCTION COST ANALYSIS AND BIDDING - Assgn 1

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2015 NATIONAL BUILDING COST MANUAL 39th Edition

$78.00

Craftsman Book Company 6058 Corte del Cedro, Carlsbad, CA 92011

Edited by

Ben Moselle

Turn your estimate into a bid.Turn your estimate into a bid.

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Cover design by: Jennifer Johnson Photos: iStock by Getty Images™ Illustrations by Laura Knight, Devona Quindoy © 2014 Craftsman Book Company Portions © 2011 Saylor Publications, Inc. ISBN 978-1-57218-305-6 Published November 2014 for the year 2015

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Contents of This Manual

Explanation of the Cost Tables ................................ 4 Area Modification Factors ........................................ 7 Construction Cost Index .......................................... 9

Residential Structures Section ...............................10 Single Family Residences .............................................. 10 Manufactured Housing................................................... 16 Multi-Family Residences ................................................ 19 Motels............................................................................. 23 Additional Costs for Residences.................................... 27 Multi-Family and Motel Garages .................................... 31 Cabins and Recreational Dwellings ............................... 32 Conventional Recreational Dwellings............................. 33 “A-Frame” Cabins .......................................................... 38 Additional Costs for Recreational Dwellings .................. 42 Life in Years and Depreciation for Residences .............. 43

Public Buildings Section .........................................44 Elementary Schools ....................................................... 44 Secondary Schools ........................................................ 53 Government Buildings.................................................... 56 Public Libraries............................................................... 62 Fire Stations ................................................................... 68

Commercial Structures Section ..............................74 Urban Stores, Masonry or Concrete .............................. 76 Urban Stores, Wood or Wood and Steel ....................... 82 Suburban Stores, Masonry or Concrete ........................ 89 Suburban Stores, Wood or Wood and Steel.................. 94 Supermarkets, Masonry or Concrete ........................... 103 Supermarkets, Wood or Wood and Steel .................... 105 Small Food Stores, Masonry or Concrete.................... 107 Small Food Stores, Wood Frame................................. 109 Discount Houses, Masonry or Concrete...................... 111 Discount Houses, Wood or Wood and Steel ............... 113 Banks and Savings Offices, Masonry or Concrete ...... 115 Banks and Savings Office, Wood Frame ..................... 120 Department Stores, Reinforced Concrete.................... 126 Department Stores, Masonry or Concrete ................... 129 Department Stores, Wood Frame ................................ 132 General Office Buildings, Masonry or Concrete .......... 135 General Office Buildings, Wood Frame ....................... 143 Medical-Dental Buildings, Masonry or Concrete ......... 151 Medical-Dental Buildings, Wood Frame ...................... 159 Convalescent Hospitals, Masonry or Concrete ........... 167 Convalescent Hospitals, Wood Frame ........................ 169 Funeral Homes............................................................. 171 Ecclesiastic Buildings .................................................. 173 Self Service Restaurants .............................................. 175 Coffee Shop Restaurants ............................................. 178 Conventional Restaurants ............................................ 181 “A-Frame” Restaurants ................................................ 183

Theaters, Masonry or Concrete.................................... 185 Mobile Home Parks...................................................... 192 Service Stations, Wood, Masonry or Steel ................... 198 Service Stations, Porcelain Finished Steel ................... 200 Service Stations, Ranch or Rustic ................................ 202 Additional Costs for Service Stations ........................... 204 Service Garages, Masonry or Concrete....................... 208 Service Garages, Wood Frame.................................... 213 Auto Service Centers, Masonry or Concrete................ 218

Industrial Structures Section................................ 222 Warehouses ................................................................. 224 Light Industrial Buildings .............................................. 225 Factory Buildings ......................................................... 226 Internal Offices ............................................................. 227 External Offices ............................................................ 227 Steel Buildings.............................................................. 228 Alternate Costs for Steel Buildings............................... 230 Commercial and Industrial Building Lives.................... 235 Additional Commercial and Industrial Costs................ 236 Material Handling System ............................................ 242 Display Fronts .............................................................. 243 Satellite Receiver Systems ........................................... 245 Signs ............................................................................ 246 Yard Improvements ...................................................... 247

Agricultural Structures Section ............................ 249 General Purpose Barns ................................................ 250 Hay Storage Barns ....................................................... 251 Feed Barns ................................................................... 252 Shop Buildings ............................................................. 253 Machinery and Equipment Sheds................................ 254 Small Sheds ................................................................. 255 Pole Barns .................................................................... 256 Low Cost Dairy Barns................................................... 257 Stanchion Dairy Barns.................................................. 258 Walk-Through Dairy Barns ........................................... 259 Modern Herringbone Barns ......................................... 260 Miscellaneous Dairy Costs........................................... 261 Poultry Houses, Conventional ...................................... 262 Poultry Houses, Modern Type...................................... 263 Poultry Houses, High Rise Type .................................. 264 Poultry Houses, Deep Pit Type .................................... 265 Poultry House Equipment ............................................ 266 Green Houses .............................................................. 267 Migrant Worker Housing .............................................. 268 Miscellaneous Agricultural Structures .......................... 269 Typical Lives for Agricultural Buildings......................... 269

Military Construction Section............................... 270 Facility Costs ........................................................ 271 Index ...................................................................... 273

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Explanation of the Cost Tables

This manual shows construction or replacement costs for a wide variety of residential, commercial, industrial, public, agricultural and military buildings. For your convenience and to minimize the chance of an error, all the cost and reference information you need for each building type is brought together on two or three pages. After reading pages 4 to 6, you should be able to turn directly to any building type and create an error-free estimate or appraisal of the construction or replacement cost.

The costs are per square foot of floor area for the basic building and additional costs for optional or extra components that differ from building to building. Building shape, floor area, design elements, materials used, and overall quality influence the basic structure cost. These and other cost variables are isolated for the building types. Components included in the basic square foot cost are listed with each building type. Instructions for using the basic building costs are included above the cost tables. These instructions include a list of components that may have to be added to the basic cost to find the total cost for your structure.

The figures in this manual are intended to reflect the amount that would be paid by the first user of a building completed in mid 2015.

Costs in the tables include all construction costs: labor, material, equipment, plans, building permit, supervision, overhead and profit. Cost tables do not include land value, site development costs, government mandated fees (other than the building permit) or the cost of modifying unusual soil conditions or grades. Construction expense may represent as much as 60% or as little as 40% of the cost to the first building owner. Site preparation, utility lines, government fees and mandates, finance cost and marketing are not part of the construction cost and may be as much as 20% of the cost to the first building owner.

Building Quality

Structures vary widely in quality and the quality of construction is the most significant variable in the finished cost. For estimating purposes the structure should be placed in one or more quality classes. These classes are numbered from 1 which is the highest quality generally encountered. Each section of this manual has a page describing typical specifications which define the quality class.

Each number class has been assigned a word description (such as best, good, average or low) for convenience and to help avoid possible errors.

The quality specifications do not reflect some design features and construction details that can make a building both more desirable and more costly. When substantially more than basic design elements are present, and when these elements add significantly to the cost, it is appropriate to classify the quality of the building as higher than would be warranted by the materials used in construction.

Many structures do not fall into a single class and have features of two quality classes. The tables have “half classes” which apply to structures which have some features of one class and some features of a higher or lower class. Classify a building into a “half class” when the quality elements are fairly evenly divided between two classes. Generally, quality elements do not vary widely in a single building. For example, it would be unusual to find a top quality single family residence with minimum quality roof cover. The most weight should be given to quality elements that have the greatest cost. For example, the type of wall and roof framing or the quality of interior finish are more significant than the roof cover or bathroom wall finish. Careful evaluation may determine that certain structures fall into two distinct classes. In this case, the cost of each part of the building should be evaluated separately.

Building Shapes

Shape classification considers any cost differences that arise from variations in building outline. Shape classification considerations vary somewhat with different building types. Where the building shape often varies widely between buildings and shape has a significant effect on the building cost, basic building costs are given for several shapes. Use the table that most closely matches the shape of the building you are evaluating. If the shape falls near the division between two basic building cost tables, it is appropriate to average the square foot cost from those two tables.

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Explanation of the Cost Tables

Area of Buildings

The basic building cost tables reflect the fact that larger buildings generally cost less per square foot than smaller buildings. The cost tables are based on square foot areas which include the following:

1. All floor area within and including the exterior walls of the main building.

2. Inset areas such as vestibules, entrances or porches outside of the exterior wall but under the main roof.

3. Any enclosed additions, annexes or lean-tos with a square foot cost greater than three-fourths of the square foot cost of the main building.

Select the basic building cost listed below the area which falls closest to the actual area of your building. If the area of your building falls nearly mid- way between two listed building areas, it is appropriate to average the square foot costs for the listed areas.

Wall Heights

Building costs are based on the wall heights given in the instructions for each building cost table. Wall height for the various floors of a building are computed as follows: The basement is measured from the bottom of floor slab to the bottom of the first floor slab or joist. The main or first floor extends from the bottom of the first floor slab or joist to the top of the roof slab or ceiling joist. Upper floors are measured from the top of the floor slab or floor joist to the top of the roof slab or ceiling joist. These measurements may be illustrated as follows:

Square foot costs of most building design types must be adjusted if the actual wall height differs from the listed wall height. Wall height adjustment tables are included for buildings requiring this adjustment. Wall height adjustment tables list square foot costs for a foot of difference in perimeter wall height of buildings of various areas. The amount applicable to the actual building area is added or deducted for each foot of difference from the basic wall height.

Buildings such as residences, medical-dental buildings, funeral homes and convalescent hospitals usually have a standard 8-foot ceiling height except in chapels or day room areas. If a significant cost difference exists due to a wall height variation, this factor should be considered in establishing the quality class.

Other Adjustments

A common wall exists when two buildings share one wall. Common wall adjustments are made by deducting the in-place cost of the exterior wall finish plus one-half of the in-place cost of the structural portion of the common wall area.

If an owner has no ownership in a wall, the in- place cost of the exterior wall finish plus the in- place cost of the structural portion of the wall should be deducted from the total building costs. Suggested common wall and no wall ownership costs are included for many of the building types.

Some square foot costs include the cost of expensive veneer finishes on the entire perimeter wall. When these buildings butt against other buildings, adjustments should be made for the lack of this finish. Where applicable, linear foot cost deductions are provided.

The square foot costs in this manual are based on composite costs of total buildings including usual work room or storage areas. They are intended to be applied on a 100% basis to the total building area even though certain areas may or may not have interior finish. Only in rare instances will it be necessary to modify the square foot cost of a portion of a building.

Multiple story buildings usually share a common roof structure and cover, a common foundation and common floor or ceiling structures. The costs of these components are included in the various floor levels as follows:

Basement

1s t story

Upper stories

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Explanation of the Cost Tables

The first or main floor includes the cost of a floor structure built at ground level, foundation costs for a one-story building, a complete ceiling and roof structure, and a roof cover. The basement includes the basement floor structure and the difference between the cost of the first floor structure built at ground level and its cost built over a basement. The second floor includes the difference between the cost of a foundation for a one-story building and the cost of a foundation for a two-story building and the cost of the second story floor structure.

Location Adjustments

The figures in this manual are intended as national averages for metropolitan areas of the United States. Use the information on page 7 to adapt the basic building costs to any area listed. Frequently building costs outside metropolitan areas are 2% to 6% lower if skilled, productive, lower cost labor is available in the area. The factors on page 7 can be applied to nearly all the square foot costs and some of the “additional” costs in this book.

Temporary working conditions in any community can affect construction and replacement costs. Construction which must be done under deadline pressure or in adverse weather conditions or after a major fire, flood, or hurricane or in a thin labor market can temporarily inflate costs 25% to 50%. Conditions such as these are usually temporary and affect only a limited area. But the higher costs are real and must be considered, no matter how limited the area and how transient the condition.

Depreciation

Depreciation is the loss in value of a structure from all causes and is caused primarily by three forms of obsolescence: (1) physical (2) functional, and (3) economic.

Physical obsolescence is the deterioration of building components such as paint, carpets or roofing. Much of this deterioration is totally curable. The physical life tables on pages 43, 235 and 269 assume normal physical obsolescence. Good judgment is required to evaluate how deferred maintenance or rehabilitation will reduce or extend the anticipated physical life of a building.

Functional obsolescence is due to some deficiency or flaw in the building. For example, too few bathrooms for the number of bedrooms or an

exceptionally high ceiling can reduce the life expectancy of a residence. Some functional obsolescence can be cured. The physical life tables do not consider functional obsolescence.

Economic obsolescence is caused by conditions that occur off site and are beyond control of the owner. Examples of economic obsolescence include a store in an area of declining economic activity or obsolescence caused by governmental regulation (such as a change in zoning). Because this kind of obsolescence is particularly difficult to measure, it is not considered in the physical life tables.

“Effective age” considers all forms of depreciation. It may be less than chronological age, if recently remodeled or improved, or more than the actual age, if deterioration is particularly bad. Though effective age is not considered in the physical life tables, it may yield a better picture of a structure's life than the actual physical age. Once the effective age is determined, considering physical, functional and economic deterioration, use the percent good tables on pages 43, 235 or 269 to determine the present value of a depreciated building. Present value is the result of multiplying the replacement cost (found by using the cost tables) by the appropriate percent good.

Limitations

This manual will be a useful reference for anyone who has to develop budget estimates or replacement costs for buildings. Anyone familiar with construction estimating understands that even very competent estimators with complete working drawings, full specifications and precise labor and material costs can disagree on the cost of a building. Frequently exhaustive estimates for even relatively simple structures can vary 10% or more. The range of competitive bids on some building projects is as much as 20%. Estimating costs is not an exact science and there’s room for legitimate disagreement on what the “right” cost is. This manual can not help you do in a few minutes what skilled estimators may not be able to do in many hours. This manual will help you determine a reasonable replacement or construction cost for most buildings. It is not intended as a substitute for judgment or as a replacement for sound professional practice, but should prove a valuable aid to developing an informed opinion of value.

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Area Modification Factors

Construction costs are higher in some cities than in other cities. Add or deduct the percentage shown on this page or page 8 to adapt the costs in this book to your job site. Adjust your estimated total project cost by the per- centage shown for the appropriate city in this table to find your total estimated cost. Where 0% is shown it means no modification is required. Factors for Canada adjust to Canadian dollars.

These percentages were compiled by comparing the construction cost of buildings in nearly 600 communities throughout North America. Because these percentages are based on completed projects, they consider all con-

struction cost variables, including labor, equipment and material cost, labor productivity, climate, job conditions and markup.

Modification factors are listed alphabetically by state and city, followed by the first three digits of the postal zip code.

These percentages are composites of many costs and will not necessarily be accurate when estimating the cost of any particular part of a building. But when used to modify costs for an entire structure, they should improve the accuracy of your estimates.

Alabama Average -6% Anniston 362 -9% Auburn 368 -6% Bellamy 369 -3% Birmingham 350-352 3% Dothan 363 -6% Evergreen 364 -12% Gadsden 359 -13% Huntsville 358 -3% Jasper 355 -11% Mobile 365-366 -3% Montgomery 360-361 -2% Scottsboro 357 -6% Selma 367 -6% Sheffield 356 -1% Tuscaloosa 354 -5%

Alaska Average 21% Anchorage 995 27% Fairbanks 997 24% Juneau 998 22% Ketchikan 999 11% King Salmon 996 24%

Arizona Average -4% Chambers 865 -4% Douglas 855 -3% Flagstaff 860 -9% Kingman 864 -5% Mesa 852 1% Phoenix 850 1% Prescott 863 -7% Show Low 859 -9% Tucson 856-857 -6% Yuma 853 0%

Arkansas Average -7% Batesville 725 -10% Camden 717 -5% Fayetteville 727 -5% Fort Smith 729 -7% Harrison 726 -14% Hope 718 -1% Hot Springs 719 -13% Jonesboro 724 -8% Little Rock 720-722 -3% Pine Bluff 716 -2% Russellville 728 -6% West Memphis 723 -6%

California Average 8% Alhambra 917-918 9% Bakersfield 932-933 3% El Centro 922 -1% Eureka 955 -4% Fresno 936-938 -1% Herlong 961 -1% Inglewood 902-905 9% Irvine 926-927 13% Lompoc 934 6% Long Beach 907-908 10% Los Angeles 900-901 8% Marysville 959 -1% Modesto 953 -1% Mojave 935 6% Novato 949 13% Oakland 945-947 19% Orange 928 12% Oxnard 930 4% Pasadena 910-912 9% Rancho Cordova 956-957 6% Redding 960 -3% Richmond 948 19% Riverside 925 3% Sacramento 958 6%

Salinas 939 3% San Bernardino 923-924 4% San Diego 919-921 7% San Francisco 941 28% San Jose 950-951 18% San Mateo 943-944 20% Santa Barbara 931 6% Santa Rosa 954 6% Stockton 952 1% Sunnyvale 940 20% Van Nuys 913-916 8% Whittier 906 8%

Colorado Average 1% Aurora 800-801 6% Boulder 803-804 3% Colorado Springs 808-809 -1% Denver 802 6% Durango 813 0% Fort Morgan 807 -3% Glenwood Springs 816 4% Grand Junction 814-815 -1% Greeley 806 4% Longmont 805 2% Pagosa Springs 811 -6% Pueblo 810 2% Salida 812 -5%

Connecticuit Average 12% Bridgeport 066 12% Bristol 060 12% Fairfield 064 14% Hartford 061 14% New Haven 065 12% Norwich 063 8% Stamford 068-069 16% Waterbury 067 12% West Hartford 062 9%

Delaware Average 2% Dover 199 -5% Newark 197 7% Wilmington 198 5%

District of Columbia Average 12%

Washington 200-205 12%

Florida Average -7% Altamonte Springs 327 -6% Bradenton 342 -8% Brooksville 346 -9% Daytona Beach 321 -12% Fort Lauderdale 333 -1% Fort Myers 339 -9% Fort Pierce 349 -13% Gainesville 326 -9% Jacksonville 322 -4% Lakeland 338 -8% Melbourne 329 -10% Miami 330-332 -2% Naples 341 -5% Ocala 344 -13% Orlando 328 -2% Panama City 324 -12% Pensacola 325 -9% Saint Augustine 320 -7% Saint Cloud 347 -5% St Petersburg 337 -7% Tallahassee 323 -9% Tampa 335-336 -3% West Palm Beach 334 -3%

Georgia Average -4% Albany 317 -9% Athens 306 -6%

Atlanta 303 13% Augusta 308-309 -4% Buford 305 -4% Calhoun 307 -11% Columbus 318-319 -6% Dublin/Fort Valley 310 -9% Hinesville 313 -6% Kings Bay 315 -4% Macon 312 -3% Marietta 300-302 4% Savannah 314 -5% Statesboro 304 -11% Valdosta 316 -3%

Hawaii Average 24% Aliamanu 968 25% Ewa 967 23% Halawa Heights 967 23% Hilo 967 23% Honolulu 968 25% Kailua 968 25% Lualualei 967 23% Mililani Town 967 23% Pearl City 967 23% Wahiawa 967 23% Waianae 967 23% Wailuku (Maui) 967 23%

Idaho Average -9% Boise 837 -2% Coeur d’Alene 838 -11% Idaho Falls 834 -8% Lewiston 835 -12% Meridian 836 -9% Pocatello 832 -10% Sun Valley 833 -10%

Illinois Average 5% Arlington Heights 600 16% Aurora 605 15% Belleville 622 0% Bloomington 617 1% Carbondale 629 -5% Carol Stream 601 15% Centralia 628 -3% Champaign 618 0% Chicago 606-608 17% Decatur 623 -8% Galesburg 614 -6% Granite City 620 3% Green River 612 4% Joliet 604 16% Kankakee 609 1% Lawrenceville 624 -6% Oak Park 603 19% Peoria 615-606 7% Peru 613 3% Quincy 602 17% Rockford 610-611 4% Springfield 625-527 0% Urbana 619 -3%

Indiana Average -2% Aurora 470 -4% Bloomington 474 -1% Columbus 472 -4% Elkhart 465 -4% Evansville 476-477 4% Fort Wayne 467-468 -3% Gary 463-464 20% Indianapolis 460-462 7% Jasper 475 -8% Jeffersonville 471 -4% Kokomo 469 -8% Lafayette 479 -6%

Muncie 473 -9% South Bend 466 -3% Terre Haute 478 -3%

Iowa Average -4% Burlington 526 -3% Carroll 514 -11% Cedar Falls 506 -4% Cedar Rapids 522-524 3% Cherokee 510 -1% Council Bluffs 515 -1% Creston 508 -8% Davenport 527-528 3% Decorah 521 -7% Des Moines 500-503 4% Dubuque 520 -3% Fort Dodge 505 -3% Mason City 504 -3% Ottumwa 525 -6% Sheldon 512 -8% Shenandoah 516 -13% Sioux City 511 3% Spencer 513 -8% Waterloo 507 -5%

Kansas Average -7% Colby 677 -7% Concordia 669 -13% Dodge City 678 -6% Emporia 668 -5% Fort Scott 667 -8% Hays 676 -13% Hutchinson 675 -7% Independence 673 0% Liberal 679 -7% Salina 674 -8% Wichita 670 -5%

Kentucky Average -4% Ashland 411-412 -6% Bowling Green 421 -5% Campton 413-414 -10% Covington 410 1% Elizabethtown 427 -9% Frankfort 406 -1% Hazard 417-418 -6% Hopkinsville 422 -7% Lexington 403-405 2% London 407-409 -7% Louisville 400-402 1% Owensboro 423 -3% Paducah 420 -2% Pikeville 415-416 -4% Somerset 425-426 -10% White Plains 424 -5%

Louisiana Average 0% Alexandria 713-714 -4% Baton Rouge 707-708 10% Houma 703 6% Lafayette 705 2% Lake Charles 706 0% Mandeville 704 -1% Minden 710 -6% Monroe 712 -9% New Orleans 700-701 2% Shreveport 711 -4%

Maine Average -7% Auburn 042 -5% Augusta 043 -8% Bangor 044 -8% Bath 045 -7% Brunswick 046 -2%

Camden 047 -11% Cutler 048 -10% Dexter 049 -8% Northern Area 050 -10% Portland 051 0%

Maryland Average 2% Annapolis 214 8% Baltimore 210-212 8% Bethesda 208-209 13% Church Hill 216 -4% Cumberland 215 -10% Elkton 219 -2% Frederick 217 5% Laurel 206-207 9% Salisbury 218 -6%

Massachusetts Average 13%

Ayer 015-016 8% Bedford 017 18% Boston 021-022 34% Brockton 023-024 21% Cape Cod 026 4% Chicopee 010 8% Dedham 019 17% Fitchburg 014 13% Hingham 020 20% Lawrence 018 16% Nantucket 025 11% New Bedford 027 10% Northfield 013 1% Pittsfield 012 1% Springfield 011 9%

Michigan Average 1% Battle Creek 490-491 -1% Detroit 481-482 8% Flint 484-485 -5% Grand Rapids 493-495 1% Grayling 497 -8% Jackson 492 -2% Lansing 488-489 2% Marquette 498-499 1% Pontiac 483 10% Royal Oak 480 8% Saginaw 486-487 -6% Traverse City 496 -1%

Minnesota Average 0% Bemidji 566 -5% Brainerd 564 -1% Duluth 556-558 1% Fergus Falls 565 -8% Magnolia 561 -9% Mankato 560 -3% Minneapolis 553-555 12% Rochester 559 -2% St Cloud 563 5% St Paul 550-551 11% Thief River Falls 567 -1% Willmar 562 -3%

Mississippi Average -8% Clarksdale 386 -9% Columbus 397 -1% Greenville 387 -15% Greenwood 389 -11% Gulfport 395 -2% Jackson 390-392 -5% Laurel 394 -8% McComb 396 -11% Meridian 393 -4% Tupelo 388 -9%

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Area Modification Factors

Missouri Average -4% Cape Girardeau 637 -4% Caruthersville 638 -9% Chillicothe 646 -8% Columbia 652 -5% East Lynne 647 -6% Farmington 636 -9% Hannibal 634 -2% Independence 640 5% Jefferson City 650-651 -5% Joplin 648 -8% Kansas City 641 7% Kirksville 635 -13% Knob Noster 653 -7% Lebanon 654-655 -13% Poplar Bluff 639 -7% Saint Charles 633 2% Saint Joseph 644-645 2% Springfield 656-658 -9% St Louis 630-631 7%

Montana Average -4% Billings 590-591 0% Butte 597 -5% Fairview 592 3% Great Falls 594 -4% Havre 595 -10% Helena 596 -3% Kalispell 599 -7% Miles City 593 -7% Missoula 598 -7%

Nebraska Average -9% Alliance 693 -10% Columbus 686 -6% Grand Island 688 -7% Hastings 689 -9% Lincoln 683-685 -5% McCook 690 -11% Norfolk 687 -9% North Platte 691 -10% Omaha 680-681 -1% Valentine 692 -15%

Nevada Average 4% Carson City 897 -6% Elko 898 21% Ely 893 1% Fallon 894 2% Las Vegas 889-891 3% Reno 895 1%

New Hampshire Average 0%

Charlestown 036 -4% Concord 034 -1% Dover 038 3% Lebanon 037 -2% Littleton 035 -3% Manchester 032-033 3% New Boston 030-031 5%

New Jersey Average 14% Atlantic City 080 10% Brick 087 6% Dover 078 15% Edison 088 17% Hackensack 076 15% Monmouth 077 16% Newark 071-073 16% Passaic 070 16% Paterson 074-075 13% Princeton 085 15% Summit 079 21% Trenton 086 13%

New Mexico Average -10% Alamogordo 883 -13% Albuquerque 870-871 -4% Clovis 881 -12% Farmington 874 -1% Fort Sumner 882 -3% Gallup 873 -8% Holman 877 -11% Las Cruces 880 -13% Santa Fe 875 -9% Socorro 878 -17% Truth or

Consequences 879 -13% Tucumcari 884 -11%

New York Average 9% Albany 120-123 9% Amityville 117 15% Batavia 140 1%

Binghamton 137 0% Bronx 104 16% Brooklyn 112 14% Buffalo 142 2% Elmira 149 -1% Flushing 113 23% Garden City 115 21% Hicksville 118 20% Ithaca 148 -3% Jamaica 114 22% Jamestown 147 -5% Kingston 124 -3% Long Island 111 36% Montauk 119 13% New York

(Manhattan) 100 37% New York City 100-102 37% Newcomb 128 1% Niagara Falls 143 -6% Plattsburgh 129 -1% Poughkeepsie 125-126 2% Queens 110 25% Rochester 144-146 2% Rockaway 116 18% Rome 133-134 -4% Staten Island 103 15% Stewart 127 -3% Syracuse 130-132 2% Tonawanda 141 -1% Utica 135 -6% Watertown 136 2% West Point 109 9% White Plains 105-108 19%

North Carolina Average -5% Asheville 287 -8% Charlotte 280-282 6% Durham 277 1% Elizabeth City 279 -8% Fayetteville 283 -7% Goldsboro 275 -1% Greensboro 274 -4% Hickory 286 -10% Kinston 285 -10% Raleigh 276 2% Rocky Mount 278 -7% Wilmington 284 -8% Winston-Salem 270-273 -6%

North Dakota Average 5% Bismarck 585 4% Dickinson 586 10% Fargo 580-581 3% Grand Forks 582 1% Jamestown 584 -3% Minot 587 11% Nekoma 583 -8% Williston 588 21%

Ohio Average 0% Akron 442-443 1% Canton 446-447 -1% Chillicothe 456 -4% Cincinnati 450-452 4% Cleveland 440-441 3% Columbus 432 6% Dayton 453-455 -1% Lima 458 -6% Marietta 457 -4% Marion 433 -3% Newark 430-431 4% Sandusky 448-449 -1% Steubenville 439 1% Toledo 434-436 6% Warren 444 -3% Youngstown 445 0% Zanesville 437-438 -1%

Oklahoma Average -6% Adams 739 -9% Ardmore 734 -6% Clinton 736 -3% Durant 747 -13% Enid 737 -4% Lawton 735 -12% McAlester 745 -9% Muskogee 744 -8% Norman 730 -4% Oklahoma City 731 -3% Ponca City 746 -1% Poteau 749 -9% Pryor 743 -8% Shawnee 748 -10% Tulsa 740-741 -1% Woodward 738 2%

Oregon Average -5% Adrian 979 -14% Bend 977 -8% Eugene 974 -3% Grants Pass 975 -6% Klamath Falls 976 -10% Pendleton 978 -4% Portland 970-972 10% Salem 973 -3%

Pennsylvania Average -1% Allentown 181 4% Altoona 166 -8% Beaver Springs 178 -5% Bethlehem 180 6% Bradford 167 -8% Butler 160 -2% Chambersburg 172 -8% Clearfield 168 -2% DuBois 158 -10% East Stroudsburg 183 -4% Erie 164-165 -7% Genesee 169 -7% Greensburg 156 -2% Harrisburg 170-171 3% Hazleton 182 -5% Johnstown 159 -9% Kittanning 162 -6% Lancaster 175 1% Meadville 163 -11% Montrose 188 2% New Castle 161 -3% Philadelphia 190-191 13% Pittsburgh 152 5% Pottsville 179 -8% Punxsutawney 157 -2% Reading 195196 2% Scranton 184-185 -1% Somerset 155 -9% Southeastern 193 10% Uniontown 154 -5% Valley Forge 194 13% Warminster 189 11% Warrendale 150-151 6% Washington 153 8% Wilkes Barre 186-187 -3% Williamsport 177 -2% York 173-174 2%

Rhode Island Average 6% Bristol 028 7% Coventry 028 7% Cranston 029 6% Davisville 028 7% Narragansett 028 7% Newport 028 7% Providence 029 6% Warwick 028 7%

South Carolina Average -4% Aiken 298 2% Beaufort 299 -6% Charleston 294 -1% Columbia 290-292 -5% Greenville 296 -4% Myrtle Beach 295 -9% Rock Hill 297 -8% Spartanburg 293 -4%

South Dakota Average -8% Aberdeen 574 -7% Mitchell 573 -8% Mobridge 576 -11% Pierre 575 -13% Rapid City 577 -8% Sioux Falls 570-571 -2% Watertown 572 -8%

Tennessee Average -3% Chattanooga 374 0% Clarksville 370 1% Cleveland 373 -2% Columbia 384 -7% Cookeville 385 -10% Jackson 383 -4% Kingsport 376 -5% Knoxville 377-379 -1% McKenzie 382 -8% Memphis 380-381 2% Nashville 371-372 5%

Texas Average -1% Abilene 795-796 -3% Amarillo 790-791 -2% Arlington 760 1% Austin 786-787 4% Bay City 774 23% Beaumont 776-777 8% Brownwood 768 -9% Bryan 778 -5% Childress 792 -14%

Corpus Christi 783-784 5% Dallas 751-753 5% Del Rio 788 -8% El Paso 798-799 -12% Fort Worth 761-762 1% Galveston 775 10% Giddings 789 -1% Greenville 754 4% Houston 770-772 12% Huntsville 773 11% Longview 756 -1% Lubbock 793-794 -7% Lufkin 759 -6% McAllen 785 -13% Midland 797 9% Palestine 758 -6% Plano 750 6% San Angelo 769 -8% San Antonio 780-782 -1% Texarkana 755 -9% Tyler 757 -7% Victoria 779 0% Waco 765-767 -6% Wichita Falls 763 -10% Woodson 764 -6%

Utah Average -4% Clearfield 840 -1% Green River 845 -2% Ogden 843-844 -10% Provo 846-847 -9% Salt Lake City 841 1%

Vermont Average -5% Albany 058 -7% Battleboro 053 -4% Beecher Falls 059 -8% Bennington 052 -8% Burlington 054 3% Montpelier 056 -4% Rutland 057 -8% Springfield 051 -7% White River

Junction 050 -6%

Virginia Average -5% Abingdon 242 -9% Alexandria 220-223 11% Charlottesville 229 -6% Chesapeake 233 -3% Culpeper 227 -5% Farmville 239 -13% Fredericksburg 224-225 -5% Galax 243 -12% Harrisonburg 228 -8% Lynchburg 245 -9% Norfolk 235-237 -2% Petersburg 238 -4% Radford 241 -10% Reston 201 8% Richmond 232 2% Roanoke 240 -10% Staunton 244 -9% Tazewell 246 -6% Virginia Beach 234 -5% Williamsburg 230-231 -4% Winchester 226 -5%

Washington Average 0% Clarkston 994 -6% Everett 982 3% Olympia 985 -1% Pasco 993 2% Seattle 980-981 12% Spokane 990-992 -3% Tacoma 983-984 3% Vancouver 986 2% Wenatchee 988 -5% Yakima 989 -4%

West Virginia Average -5% Beckley 258-259 -6% Bluefield 247-248 0% Charleston 250-253 6% Clarksburg 263-264 -4% Fairmont 266 -11% Huntington 255-257 -1%

Wisconsin Average 1% Amery 540 0% Beloit 535 6% Clam Lake 545 -6% Eau Claire 547 -3% Green Bay 541-543 2% La Crosse 546 -1% Ladysmith 548 1% Madison 537 8% Milwaukee 530-534 7% Oshkosh 549 3% Portage 539 4% Prairie du Chien 538 -6% Wausau 544 -2%

Lewisburg 249 -15% Martinsburg 254 -6% Morgantown 265 -5% New Martinsville 262 -10% Parkersburg 261 2% Romney 267 -8% Sugar Grove 268 -8% Wheeling 260 -1%

Wyoming Average -2% Casper 826 2% Cheyenne/Laramie 820 -3% Gillette 827 2% Powell 824 -8% Rawlins 823 2% Riverton 825 -7% Rock Springs 829-831 2% Sheridan 828 -5% Wheatland 822 -7%

UNITED STATES TERRITORIES

Guam 18% Puerto Rico -21%

VIRGIN ISLANDS (U.S.)

St. Croix 2% St. John 20% St. Thomas 5%

CANADIAN AREA MODIFIERS

These figures assume an exchange rate of $1.00 Canadian to $0.93 U.S.

Alberta Average 13% Calgary 14% Edmonton 14% Fort McMurray 11%

British Columbia Average 7%

Fraser Valley 6% Okanagan 6% Vancouver 9%

Manitoba Average 0% North Manitoba 0% South Manitoba 0% Selkirk 0% Winnipeg 0%

New Brunswick Average -13%

Moncton -13%

Nova Scotia Average -8% Amherst -8% Nova Scotia -7% Sydney -8%

Newfoundland/Labrador Average -3%

Ontario Average 7% London 7% Thunder Bay 6% Toronto 7%

Quebec Average -1% Montreal -1% Quebec City -1%

Saskatchewan Average 3%

La Ronge 3% Prince Albert 2% Saskatoon 5%

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Building Cost Historical Index

Use this table to find the approximate current dollar building cost when the actual cost is known for any year since 1948. Multiply the figure listed below for the building type and year of construction by the known cost. The result is the estimated 2015 construction cost. Masonry Concrete Steel Wood-Frame Agricultural Year of Year Buildings Buildings Buildings Buildings Buildings Construction

1948 14.58 15.62 18.33 13.60 12.22 1948 1949 14.66 15.44 18.25 13.77 12.60 1949 1950 13.95 14.74 17.90 13.16 11.71 1950 1951 13.05 13.92 16.25 12.31 10.87 1951 1952 12.58 13.58 15.90 12.10 10.77 1952 1953 12.41 13.13 15.18 11.80 10.54 1953 1954 12.18 12.66 15.18 11.80 10.54 1954 1955 11.68 12.08 14.38 11.17 10.08 1955 1956 11.08 11.55 13.24 10.70 9.66 1956 1957 10.76 11.11 12.71 10.63 9.43 1957 1958 10.46 10.69 12.10 10.60 11.24 1958 1959 10.13 10.35 11.81 10.15 9.01 1959 1960 9.89 10.16 11.62 10.00 8.83 1960 1961 9.69 10.12 11.43 9.81 8.80 1961 1962 9.48 9.82 11.15 9.70 8.67 1962 1963 9.33 9.57 11.02 9.51 7.86 1963 1964 9.06 9.46 10.86 9.19 8.26 1964 1965 8.77 9.21 10.49 8.99 8.04 1965 1966 8.38 8.95 10.09 8.60 7.81 1966 1967 8.18 8.52 9.44 8.18 7.50 1967 1968 7.84 8.05 9.01 7.73 7.17 1968 1969 7.41 7.69 8.70 7.45 6.76 1969 1970 7.11 7.35 8.26 7.08 6.43 1970 1971 6.67 6.73 7.67 6.09 5.99 1971 1972 6.20 6.23 7.17 6.11 5.57 1972 1973 5.66 5.91 6.37 5.64 5.23 1973 1974 5.04 5.42 5.98 5.27 4.86 1974 1975 4.58 4.78 5.38 4.96 4.33 1975 1976 4.29 4.56 5.10 4.77 4.10 1976 1977 4.00 4.27 4.85 4.43 3.86 1977 1978 3.72 4.00 4.46 4.08 3.49 1978 1979 3.42 3.56 4.00 3.74 3.31 1979 1980 3.10 3.23 3.56 3.35 2.99 1980 1981 2.92 3.05 3.26 3.20 2.80 1981 1982 2.83 2.92 3.16 3.09 2.69 1982 1983 2.69 2.83 3.10 2.95 2.54 1983 1984 2.52 2.65 2.96 2.72 2.47 1984 1985 2.45 2.52 2.88 2.64 2.43 1985 1986 2.39 2.50 2.83 2.60 2.38 1986 1987 2.38 2.45 2.80 2.55 2.36 1987 1988 2.33 2.36 2.74 2.53 2.32 1988 1989 2.27 2.32 2.61 2.48 2.24 1989 1990 2.14 2.22 2.48 2.30 2.14 1990 1991 2.32 2.19 2.36 2.18 2.03 1991 1992 2.07 2.16 2.33 2.17 2.01 1992 1993 2.02 2.14 2.24 2.14 1.98 1993 1994 1.97 2.00 2.16 2.06 1.84 1994 1995 1.87 1.83 2.00 1.94 1.73 1995 1996 1.81 1.80 1.95 1.89 1.70 1996 1997 1.74 1.74 1.87 1.85 1.66 1997 1998 1.66 1.66 1.80 1.77 1.64 1998 1999 1.60 1.60 1.75 1.75 1.61 1999 2000 1.56 1.56 1.68 1.69 1.56 2000 2001 1.51 1.51 1.65 1.63 1.52 2001 2002 1.47 1.47 1.61 1.61 1.49 2002 2003 1.45 1.45 1.57 1.60 1.46 2003 2004 1.39 1.39 1.53 1.56 1.42 2004 2005 1.29 1.29 1.37 1.39 1.39 2005 2006 1.21 1.21 1.26 1.25 1.24 2006 2007 1.17 1.17 1.20 1.16 1.15 2007 2008 1.10 1.10 1.14 1.11 1.09 2008 2009 1.09 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.09 2009 2010 1.07 1.07 1.04 1.10 1.08 2010 2011 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.12 1.11 2011 2012 1.07 1.07 0.96 1.08 1.09 2012 2013 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 2013 2014 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 2014 2015 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2015

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Residential Structures Section

10 Residential Structures Section

The figures in this section include all costs associated with normal construction:

Foundations as required for normal soil conditions. Excavation for foundations, piers, and other foundation components given a fairly level construction site. Floor, wall, and roof structures. Interior floor, wall, and ceiling finishes. Exterior wall finish and roof cover. Interior partitions as described in the quality class. Finish carpentry, doors, windows, trim, etc. Electric wiring and fixtures. Rough and finish plumbing as described in applicable building specifications. Built-in appliances as described in applicable building specifications. All labor

and materials including supervision. All design and engineering fees, if necessary. Permits and fees. Utility hook-ups. Contractors’ contingency, overhead and profit.

The square foot costs do not include heating and cooling equipment or the items listed in the section “Additional Costs for Residential Structures” which appear on pages 27 to 31. The costs of the following should be figured separately and added to the basic structure cost: porches, basements, balconies, exterior stairways, built-in equipment beyond that listed in the quality classifications, garages and carports.

Single Family Residences

Single family residences vary widely in quality and the quality of construction is the most significant factor influencing cost. Residences are listed in six quality classes. Class 1 is the most expensive commonly encountered and Class 6 is the minimum required under most building codes. Nearly all homes built from stock plans or offered to the public by residential tract developers will fall into Class 3, 4, 5, or 6. For convenience, these classes are labeled Best Standard, Good Standard, Average Standard or Minimum Standard. Class 1 residences are labeled Luxury. Class 2 residences are labeled Semi-Luxury. Class 1 and 2 residences are designed by professional architects, usually to meet preferences of the first owner. The shape of the outside perimeter also has a significant influence on cost. The more complex the shape, the more expensive the structure per square foot of floor. The shape classification of multiple story or split-level homes should be based on the outline formed by the outer-most exterior walls, including the garage area, regardless of the story level. Most residences that fall into Classes 3, 4, 5 or 6 have 4, 6, 8 or 10 corners, as illustrated below. Small insets that do not require a change in the roof line can be ignored when evaluating the outside perimeter. Class 1 and 2 (Luxury and Semi-Luxury) residences have more than ten corners and are best evaluated by counting the “building masses.” A building mass is a group of contiguous rooms on one or more levels with access at varying angles from a common point or

hallway. The illustration at the right below represents a residence with two building masses. Most Class 1 and Class 2 residences have from one to four building masses, ignoring any attached garage. For convenience, cost tables for Class 1 and 2 single family residences with one, two, three or four building masses have been appended to cost tables for Class 3, 4, 5 and 6 residences with 4, 6, 8 and 10 building corners.

Residences on larger lots often include a separate housekeeping unit, either remote from the main structure (as illustrated below at the right) or joined to the main structure by a hallway (no common wall). Evaluate any separate housekeeping unit as a separate residence. The quality class of separate housekeeping units will usually be the same as the main residence if designed and built at the same time as the main residence.

Residences which have features of two or more quality classes can be placed between two of the six labeled classes. The tables have five half-classes (1 & 2, 2 & 3, etc.) which can be applied to residences with some characteristics of two or more quality classes. If a portion of a residence differs significantly in quality from other portions, evaluate the square footage of each portion separately.

These figures can be applied to nearly all single-family residences built using conventional methods and readily available materials, including the relatively small number of highly decorative, starkly original or exceptionally well- appointed residences.

4 corners 6 corners 8 corners 10 corners 2 building masses and one separate unit

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Single Family Residences

Residential Structures Section 11

Quality Classification Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 Luxury Semi-Luxury Best Std. Good Std. Average Std. Minimum Std.

Foundation Reinforced Reinforced Reinforced Reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete. (9% of total cost) concrete. concrete. concrete. or concrete block. or concrete block. Floor Engineered Engineered Engineered Wood frame or Standard wood Slab on grade. Structure wood or steel wood or steel wood or steel slab on grade, frame or slab No changes (12% of total cost) exceeding code or reinforced or reinforced changes in shape on grade with in elevation. minimums. concrete slab. concrete slab. and elevation. elevation changes. Wall Framing Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel, and Exterior very irregular walls, irregular shape, several wall offsets, stucco or wood stucco or wood stucco or hardboard Finish stone veneer, masonry veneer, wood or masonry siding, some trim siding, few offsets, siding, minimum (14% of total cost) many architectural better grade doors accents, good grade or veneer, average commodity grade grade doors and doors and windows. and windows. doors and windows. doors and windows. doors and windows. windows. Roof Complex plan, tile, Multi-level, slate, Multi-pitch, shake, Wood trusses, tile Wood frame, shingle Wood frame, (10% of total cost) slate or metal, tile or flat surface, tile or flat surface, or good shingles, or built-up cover, composition shingle highly detailed. decorative details. large closed soffit. closed soffit. open 24" soffit. cover, open soffit. Floor Finish Terrazzo, marble, Marble or granite Simulated marble Better sheet vinyl Good sheet vinyl Composition tile (5% of total cost) granite, or inlaid entry, hardwood, tile entry, good and average carpet, and standard carpet, or minimum grade hardwood or best good carpet or sheet carpet, hardwood some areas with small area with sheet vinyl. carpet throughout. vinyl elsewhere. or vinyl elsewhere. masonry or tile. tile or hardwood. Interior Wall Plaster or gypsum Plaster on gypsum Gypsum wallboard 1/2" gypsum 1/2" gypsum 1/2" gypsum and Ceiling wallboard with or metal lath or 2 with putty or texture wallboard with wallboard with wallboard, smooth Finish artistic finish, layers of 5/8" coat finish, some textured finish, textured finish, or orange peel (8% of total cost) many offsets and gypsum wallboard, irregular walls, several irregular most walls are finish. Nearly all wall openings, decorative details, decorative details walls and wall rectangular, doors walls are regular, decorative details many irregular in living room, entry openings, some. and windows are no decorative in nearly all rooms. wall openings. and kitchen. decorative details. the only openings. details. Interior Exposed beams or Great room has Cathedral ceiling 8' or 9' ceiling 8' or 9' ceiling Drop ceiling in Detail decorative ceiling, 12' to 16' ceiling, at entry, one or throughout, walk- throughout, sliding kitchen, other (5% of total cost) 12' to 16' ceiling most rooms have more floor level in closet in master mirrored closet rooms have 7'6" in great room, windows on two changes, several bedroom, separate doors, standard to 8' ceiling, many sky widows, sides, formal dining wall openings or dining area, some grade molding and minimum grade built-in shelving area, several framed pass-throughs, decorative wood trim, breakfast bar molding and trim. and alcoves for art. openings. formal dining area. trim. or nook. Bath Custom large tile Large tile showers, Tile or fiberglass Good plastic tub and Average plastic tub Minimum plastic Detail showers, separate at least one bathtub, shower, at least one shower in at least one and shower in at tub and shower in (4% of total cost) elevated spa in glass block or large built-in bathtub, bathroom, one small least one bathroom. one bathroom. master bathroom. window by each bath. window in bathroom. window in each bath. Kitchen Over 30 LF of Over 25 LF of Over 20 LF of good Over 15 LF of stock Over 10 LF of stock Less than 10 Detail deluxe wall and good custom base stock wall and base standard grade wall standard grade wall LF of low-cost (8% of total cost) base cabinets, and wall cabinets, cabinets, tile or and base cabinets, and base cabinets, wall and base stone counter top, synthetic stone acrylic counter top, low-cost tile or low-cost acrylic or cabinets, laminated island work area, counter top, desk desk and breakfast acrylic counter top, laminated plastic plastic counter top, breakfast bar. and breakfast bar. bar or nook. breakfast nook. counter top. space for table. Plumbing 4 deluxe fixtures 4 good fixtures 3 good fixtures 3 standard fixtures 3 standard fixtures 3 minimum (12% of total cost) per bathroom, per bathroom, per bathroom, per bathroom, per bathroom, fixtures per more bathrooms more bathrooms as many bathrooms less bathrooms less bathrooms bathroom, than bedrooms. than bedrooms. as bedrooms. than bedrooms. than bedrooms. 2 bathrooms. Special 10 luxury built-in 8 good built-in 6 good built-in 5 standard built-in 4 standard grade 4 minimum Features appliances, wet appliances, wet appliances, walk-in appliances, sliding kitchen appliances. grade kitchen. (3% of total cost) bar, home theater, bar, walk-in pantry, pantry, wet bar, glass or French doors, appliances. pantry, wine cellar. central vacuum. central vacuum. laundry room. Electrical Over 100 recessed 80 to 100 recessed Ample recessed Limited recessed 12 lighting fixtures, 10 or less lighting System or track lights, lighting fixtures. lighting on dimmers, lighting on dimmers, switch-operated fixtures, switch- (10% of total cost) security system, security system, computer network, multiple TV outlets. duplex plug outlets operated plug outlets computer network. computer network. multiple TV outlets. in bedrooms. in most rooms. If Exterior Reinforced split Reinforced block Textured or coated Colored or coated Colored concrete Painted concrete Walls are face concrete or brick with concrete block concrete block block or painted block or common- Masonry block or brick with masonry veneer or good quality or good quality common brick. brick. face brick veneer. or stucco coat. detailed brick. brick.

Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification.

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Single Family Residences

12 Residential Structures Section

4 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5 and 6) or One Building Mass (Classes 1 and 2 Only)

Estimating Procedure 1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 11. 2. Multiply the structure floor area (excluding the garage) by the appropriate square foot cost below. 3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8. 4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of a porch, garage, heating and cooling equipment, basement, fireplace, carport,

appliances and plumbing fixtures beyond that listed in the quality classification. See the cost of these items on pages 27 to 31.

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000

1, Luxury 504.17 483.07 465.64 450.58 438.86 428.39 419.12 410.79 404.55 398.43 392.86 388.12 379.29 1, & 2 438.42 420.06 404.90 391.82 381.63 372.46 364.48 357.19 351.79 346.49 341.55 337.44 329.80 2, Semi-Luxury 306.41 293.59 282.99 273.83 266.71 260.36 254.74 249.68 245.87 242.04 238.74 235.91 230.46 2 & 3 224.91 215.54 207.73 201.05 195.82 191.12 186.98 183.27 180.44 177.71 175.19 173.17 169.19 3, Best Std. 196.25 188.10 181.26 175.46 170.80 166.76 163.17 159.95 157.48 155.11 152.94 151.07 147.63 3 & 4 167.84 160.73 154.96 150.03 146.03 142.56 139.52 136.69 134.65 132.49 130.75 129.15 126.27 4, Good Std. 144.62 138.45 133.53 129.23 125.88 122.88 120.17 117.77 115.94 114.21 112.63 111.16 108.77 4 & 5 130.26 124.78 120.34 116.42 113.36 110.60 108.20 106.14 104.47 102.87 101.47 100.26 97.91 5 Avg. Std. 117.23 112.38 108.31 104.85 102.14 99.67 97.51 95.50 94.05 92.62 91.34 90.25 88.18 5 & 6 101.79 97.53 94.02 91.01 88.60 86.48 84.60 82.87 81.65 80.37 79.40 78.33 76.55 6, Min. Std. 92.54 88.65 85.45 82.70 80.55 78.60 76.92 75.38 74.21 73.06 72.12 71.18 69.54

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400 3,600 4,000 4,200 4,400 4,600 5,000

1, Luxury 372.68 366.43 361.39 356.89 353.71 350.74 347.53 345.19 340.34 337.26 334.56 332.23 328.90 1, & 2 324.15 318.64 314.24 310.34 307.55 305.00 302.21 300.15 295.96 293.26 290.92 288.89 286.01 2, Semi-Luxury 226.63 222.69 219.65 216.91 214.93 213.11 211.17 209.79 206.84 204.96 203.31 201.91 199.89 2 & 3 166.28 163.49 161.24 159.24 157.76 156.39 155.05 153.98 151.84 150.47 149.25 148.21 146.73 3, Best Std. 145.11 142.63 140.64 138.97 137.71 136.54 135.29 134.35 132.47 132.49 131.42 130.51 129.21 3 & 4 124.07 121.98 120.33 118.85 117.71 116.67 115.72 114.93 113.31 112.30 111.38 110.61 109.50 4, Good Std. 106.90 105.06 103.68 102.34 101.47 100.56 99.69 98.93 97.59 96.71 95.91 95.26 94.31 4 & 5 96.26 94.69 93.25 92.19 91.32 90.61 89.69 89.16 87.95 87.14 86.47 85.85 85.00 5 Avg. Std. 86.69 85.28 84.09 82.95 82.29 81.56 80.82 80.27 79.17 78.02 77.84 77.31 76.55 5 & 6 75.26 74.01 72.96 72.04 71.45 70.74 70.10 69.60 68.72 68.02 67.58 67.05 66.44 6, Min. Std. 68.32 67.23 66.34 65.55 64.93 64.34 63.79 63.31 62.46 61.82 61.42 60.95 60.38

Note: Tract work and highly repetitive jobs may reduce the cost 8 to 12%. Add 4% to the square foot cost of floors above the second floor level. Work outside metropolitan areas may cost 2 to 6% less. When the exterior walls are masonry, add 9 to 10% for class 2 and 1 structures and 5 to 8% for class 3, 4, 5 and 6 structures. The building area includes all full story (7'6" to 9' high) areas within and including the exterior walls of all floor areas of the building, including small inset areas such as entrances outside the exterior wall but under the main roof. For areas with a ceiling height of less than 80", see the section on half-story areas on page 30.

Single Family Residence, Class 4 Single Family Residence, Class 6

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Single Family Residences

Residential Structures Section 13

6 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5, and 6) or Two Building Masses (Classes 1 and 2 Only)

appliances and plumbing fixtures beyond that listed in the quality classification. See the cost of these items on pages 27 to 31.

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000

1, Luxury 513.86 492.34 474.59 459.24 447.32 436.94 428.39 419.94 413.28 407.20 401.63 396.66 388.21 1, & 2 446.83 428.14 412.69 399.34 388.94 379.87 372.46 365.19 359.38 354.08 349.30 344.94 337.56 2, Semi-Luxury 312.36 299.29 288.22 279.53 271.82 265.52 260.36 255.21 251.13 247.43 244.13 241.03 235.97 2 & 3 229.26 219.69 211.56 205.20 199.51 194.86 191.12 187.34 184.33 181.63 179.18 176.88 173.19 3, Best Std. 200.06 191.68 184.63 179.00 174.13 170.07 166.76 163.49 160.92 158.49 156.36 154.45 151.13 3 & 4 171.04 163.95 157.78 153.09 148.93 145.35 142.64 139.76 137.63 135.47 133.71 131.98 129.17 4, Good Std. 147.39 141.24 135.96 131.87 128.28 125.27 122.88 120.43 118.44 116.75 115.27 113.76 111.25 4 & 5 132.83 127.25 122.40 118.78 115.51 112.80 110.60 108.43 106.81 105.14 103.79 102.44 100.31 5 Avg. Std. 119.57 114.61 110.27 107.00 104.07 101.57 99.67 97.79 96.22 94.74 93.45 92.27 90.26 5 & 6 103.78 99.39 95.76 92.88 90.25 88.11 86.48 84.79 83.43 82.20 81.10 80.00 78.38 6, Min. Std. 94.38 90.44 87.04 84.40 82.08 80.17 78.60 77.08 75.80 74.67 73.68 72.76 71.22

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400 3,600 4,000 4,200 4,400 4,600 5,000

1, Luxury 381.95 376.08 370.85 366.43 362.86 359.36 356.41 353.71 350.00 346.85 344.07 343.00 339.57 1, & 2 332.13 327.09 322.54 318.64 315.57 312.44 309.94 307.55 304.41 301.65 300.62 298.51 295.52 2, Semi-Luxury 232.22 228.52 225.36 222.69 220.48 218.36 216.59 214.93 212.72 210.80 209.10 207.65 205.56 2 & 3 170.40 167.75 165.46 163.49 161.86 160.28 158.99 157.76 156.11 154.94 153.02 151.85 150.79 3, Best Std. 148.66 146.39 144.31 142.63 141.30 139.87 138.74 137.71 136.25 135.03 133.94 133.01 131.67 3 & 4 127.11 125.16 123.39 121.98 120.74 119.55 118.57 117.71 116.42 115.36 114.45 113.66 112.52 4, Good Std. 109.51 107.78 106.30 105.06 104.04 102.99 102.23 101.47 100.38 99.49 98.71 97.99 97.02 4 & 5 98.67 97.07 95.76 94.69 93.65 92.80 92.05 91.32 90.41 89.60 88.88 88.25 87.37 5 Avg. Std. 88.81 87.45 86.32 85.28 84.37 83.57 82.88 82.29 81.42 80.69 80.02 79.49 78.67 5 & 6 77.08 75.80 74.79 74.01 73.21 72.57 71.97 71.45 70.61 69.97 69.41 68.95 68.24 6, Min. Std. 70.07 69.01 68.05 67.23 66.59 65.94 65.40 64.93 64.22 63.63 63.14 62.69 62.06

Single Family Residence, Class 5 Single Family Residence, Class 5

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Single Family Residences

14 Residential Structures Section

8 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5, and 6) or Three Building Masses (Classes 1 and 2 only)

appliances and plumbing fixtures beyond that listed in the quality classification. See the cost of these items on pages 27 to 31.

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000

1, Luxury 524.31 502.69 484.07 468.83 456.39 446.11 436.94 428.68 421.33 415.70 410.29 405.57 397.13 1, & 2 455.89 437.19 420.91 407.72 396.83 387.92 379.87 372.82 366.40 361.48 356.77 352.66 345.38 2, Semi-Luxury 317.46 304.53 293.73 284.72 277.34 271.09 265.49 260.52 256.06 252.63 249.38 246.43 241.36 2 & 3 233.05 223.53 215.57 208.97 203.59 199.00 194.86 191.23 187.97 185.46 183.00 180.93 177.18 3, Best Std. 203.36 195.07 188.17 182.40 177.64 173.67 170.07 166.85 164.02 161.85 159.71 157.94 154.63 3 & 4 173.84 166.74 160.79 155.86 151.85 148.52 145.35 142.71 140.18 138.38 136.54 135.00 132.18 4, Good Std. 149.79 143.64 138.56 134.39 130.75 127.93 125.27 122.98 120.80 119.28 117.62 116.30 113.87 4 & 5 134.96 129.45 124.79 121.05 117.77 115.18 112.80 110.81 108.82 107.38 105.95 104.73 102.53 5 Avg. Std. 121.53 116.56 112.42 109.01 106.09 103.79 101.57 99.77 97.92 96.72 95.40 94.41 92.36 5 & 6 105.46 101.15 97.54 94.57 92.09 90.10 88.11 86.58 85.05 83.93 82.81 81.85 80.17 6, Min. Std. 95.86 91.97 88.67 85.98 83.67 81.85 80.17 78.73 77.30 76.29 75.31 72.62 71.27

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400 3,600 4,000 4,200 4,400 4,600 5,000

1, Luxury 390.45 389.61 379.29 375.36 371.85 368.73 365.03 362.96 358.43 355.21 352.35 349.90 346.40 1, & 2 339.52 332.13 329.80 326.39 323.35 320.66 317.40 315.67 311.78 308.95 306.47 304.32 301.29 2, Semi-Luxury 237.24 232.22 230.46 228.10 226.08 224.10 221.79 220.52 217.87 215.94 214.19 212.72 210.55 2 & 3 174.15 170.40 169.19 167.45 165.89 164.51 162.83 161.92 159.95 158.51 157.25 156.15 154.60 3, Best Std. 151.95 148.66 147.63 146.11 144.74 143.54 142.11 141.31 140.76 139.52 138.43 137.47 136.08 3 & 4 129.80 127.11 126.27 124.89 123.77 122.76 121.54 120.80 119.35 118.27 117.34 116.51 115.33 4, Good Std. 111.95 109.51 108.77 107.65 106.65 105.84 104.73 104.05 102.83 101.88 101.08 100.35 99.37 4 & 5 100.87 98.67 97.91 96.94 96.13 95.27 94.21 93.76 92.62 91.26 90.51 89.88 88.98 5 Avg. Std. 90.81 88.81 88.18 87.33 86.47 85.78 84.93 84.47 83.40 82.67 81.99 81.42 80.62 5 & 6 78.86 77.08 76.55 75.75 75.11 74.44 73.67 73.24 72.42 71.78 71.19 70.69 69.99 6, Min. Std. 70.08 68.62 68.14 67.50 66.89 66.33 65.71 65.29 64.57 63.99 63.49 64.11 62.41

Single Family Residence, Class 1 Single Family Residence, Class 2 & 3

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Single Family Residences

Residential Structures Section 15

10 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5 and 6) or Four Building Masses (Classes 1 and 2 only)

appliances and plumbing fixtures beyond that listed in the quality classification. See the cost of these items on pages 27 to 31.

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000

1, Luxury 535.27 512.88 494.35 479.75 465.95 455.15 446.24 438.69 431.34 425.28 419.94 415.05 406.35 1, & 2 465.47 446.10 429.91 417.20 405.17 395.83 388.02 381.50 375.07 370.26 365.21 360.94 353.36 2, Semi-Luxury 322.50 309.72 299.30 290.14 283.18 276.62 271.20 266.61 262.15 258.45 255.21 252.19 246.92 2 & 3 236.76 227.38 219.71 213.04 207.85 203.04 199.03 195.65 192.43 189.63 187.34 185.11 181.27 3, Best Std. 206.59 198.38 191.72 185.86 181.36 177.22 173.71 170.76 167.95 165.54 163.49 161.59 158.16 3 & 4 176.64 169.49 163.95 158.92 155.11 151.45 148.54 145.97 143.52 141.52 139.76 138.16 135.29 4, Good Std. 152.22 146.14 141.33 136.93 133.54 130.53 127.93 125.85 123.67 121.98 120.43 118.98 116.54 4 & 5 137.09 131.62 127.27 123.36 120.37 117.59 115.27 113.33 111.44 109.91 108.43 107.16 105.00 5 Avg. Std. 123.49 118.45 114.65 111.10 108.39 105.94 103.83 102.05 100.38 98.89 97.79 96.56 94.57 5 & 6 107.10 102.85 99.41 96.41 94.05 91.89 90.14 88.56 87.05 85.83 84.79 83.69 82.08 6, Min. Std. 97.43 93.49 90.45 87.66 85.49 83.53 81.88 80.53 79.12 77.98 77.08 76.12 74.58

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400 3,600 4,000 4,200 4,400 4,600 5,000

1, Luxury 399.80 398.04 388.67 384.00 380.64 377.52 374.44 371.99 367.22 363.91 360.99 358.47 354.83 1, & 2 347.67 342.42 338.02 333.88 331.10 328.28 325.64 323.46 319.42 315.63 313.13 310.97 307.89 2, Semi-Luxury 242.94 239.32 236.19 233.41 231.36 229.41 227.57 226.13 223.19 221.20 219.39 217.87 215.68 2 & 3 178.32 175.62 173.37 171.32 169.79 168.43 167.02 165.93 163.86 157.43 156.19 155.08 153.54 3, Best Std. 155.63 153.33 151.34 149.47 148.16 146.91 145.74 144.81 143.00 141.71 140.57 139.59 138.19 3 & 4 133.01 131.07 129.37 127.83 126.70 125.60 124.66 123.80 122.15 121.07 120.10 119.27 118.06 4, Good Std. 114.65 112.95 111.57 110.07 109.12 108.21 107.38 106.81 105.32 104.38 103.18 102.11 101.09 4 & 5 103.33 101.70 100.40 99.18 98.31 97.51 96.72 96.14 94.82 93.97 93.21 92.58 91.63 5 Avg. Std. 92.92 91.60 90.44 89.33 88.49 87.85 87.10 86.62 85.38 84.60 83.93 83.34 82.52 5 & 6 80.69 79.50 78.43 77.48 76.76 76.21 75.60 75.12 74.14 73.48 72.88 72.37 71.66 6, Min. Std. 73.39 72.23 71.34 70.45 69.83 69.30 68.72 68.29 67.40 66.79 66.26 65.78 65.15

Single Family Residence, Class 2 & 3 Single Family Residence, Class 1

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Manufactured Housing

16 Residential Structures Section 16

Quality Classification

Class 1 Best Quality

Class 2 Good Quality

Class 3 Average Quality

Class 4 Low Quality

Class 5 Lowest Quality

Roof (11% of total cost)

Gable accented roof; asphalt shingles; min roof pitch of 3" in 12"; front and rear overhangs

One piece white baked enamel; asphalt shingles, gable accents; front and rear overhangs

One piece white baked enamel metal; asphalt shingles on gable accented roof

One piece fabricated steel; minimum pitch; small overhang in front; or asphalt shingles

Painted lightweight galvanized steel with minimum pitch; or asphalt shingles

Exterior Walls (16% of total cost)

Pre-finished shiplap aluminum siding or 1/2" masonite siding; stone accent; matching skirting; coordinated exterior colors; 6" exterior wall construction

Pre-finished shiplap alum. siding or flush-type masonite with concealed fasteners; coordinated exterior colors; exterior walls 4" thick; aluminum skirting

Pre-finished aluminum siding and/or flush-type masonite panels with concealed fasteners; 4" exterior wall thickness; aluminum skirting

Covering is pre-finished aluminum siding or flush- type masonite panels with some concealed fasteners; exterior wall thickness is 3" to 4"; skirting is lightweight

Pre-finished aluminum panels with exposed hex-heads; panels of modified corrugated pattern; exterior wall thickness 3" to 4"; lightweight skirting

Trim and Sash (8% of total cost)

Painted aluminum and/or imitation stone trim; many sash; picture/bay windows; sliding glass doors; recessed entry; dual glazed vinyl windows

Painted aluminum and/or imitation stone (fiberglass) trim; large amount of good house-type sash; picture windows; sliding glass door; recessed entry

Little or no trim; two-tone exterior coverings; large, good, house-type sash; some picture windows; optional 6' sliding glass door

No trim; exterior decoration two types of color; coordinated exterior covering; tract house windows; optional 6' sliding glass door

No ornamental trim; minimum window area and sash

Interior (5% of total cost)

Expensive hardwood paneling/gypsum board; careful workmanship throughout; coffered/ vaulted/beamed ceiling; plank-type acoustical tile; 8' min ceiling; mirrored walls; built-in buffet cabinet; custom drapes; raised panel doors; skylights; window sills

Pre-finished and grooved hardwood paneling or gypsum board; careful workmanship throughout; vaulted/beamed, ceilings; 8' min ceiling height; floor to ceiling drapes over sheer underlays in living room and dining room; raised panel doors; window sills

Pre-finished and grooved hardwood, plywood paneling, or gypsum board; 8' acoustical plank-type ceilings; decorator coordinated drapes in all rooms except kitchen and baths; optional vaulted ceilings with decorative beams

Pre-finished fire rated plywood paneling or partial gypsum board; acoustical tile ceiling, 8' height; drapes in living room, dining room, and bedrooms

Walls are pre-finished 3/16" fire rated paneling; hardboard or firtex ceiling cover with exposed fasteners and/or stapled holding strips; 7' 6" ceiling heights

Floors (7% of total cost)

Hardwood or ceramic tile entry, deluxe carpet; vinyl tile in utility and guest bath. Good tile or hardwood flooring in kitchen.

Carpet with 1/2" thick pads in all rooms except guest bath and utility room; vinyl tile in kitchen, utility, and guest bath

Carpet with 1/2" thick pad in all rooms except baths and kitchen; vinyl in kitchen and baths

Carpet with 1/2" thick pad in living, dining, and bedrooms; vinyl in other areas

Vinyl; lightweight carpet in living room and master bedroom only

Heating (6% of total cost)

110,000 BTU upflow air- condition-ready forced air furnace with exterior access door; ducting to all rooms; optional air conditioning and fireplace; dual-zone heating in larger units

80,000 to 110,000 BTU upflow or downflow air- condition-ready furnace with exterior access door; ducting to all rooms; optional air conditioning and fireplace

80,000 BTU upflow or downflow forced air furnace; ducting to all rooms; optional air conditioning and fireplace

Forced air furnace; ducting in all rooms; perimeter floor return system; optional air conditioning

Forced air furnace; minimum ducting and outlets

Kitchen (21% of total cost)

18± linear foot plastic laminate or ceramic tile counter top; quality wood cabinets and hardware; dropped luminous ceiling; island work space; walk-in pantry; good quality vinyl tile

Circular or elaborate kitchen; walk-in pantry; 16± linear feet of plastic laminate counter; quality wood cabinets; dropped luminous ceiling; island work space; microwave oven

14± linear foot plastic laminate counter; good quality cabinets; built-in range and oven with a hood and fan; optional dishwasher and pantry

12± linear foot plastic laminate counter; average quality plywood cabinets with raised panel doors; built-in range and oven, hood and fan; optional dishwasher

10± linear foot plastic laminate counter; minimum quality plywood cabinets; built- in or drop-in range and oven

Baths and Plumbing (13% of total cost)

2 to 2¾ baths; 8 fixtures; master bath with two basins, sunken tub, fiberglass shower with glass door; quality medicine cabinets; 4± feet of mirror over 8± feet of cultured marble or ceramic tile lavatory top; decorative faucets; 40- gal. water heater; separate commode closet

2 baths; vent fans; master bath will have two basins, sunken tub, and stall shower; quality medicine cabinets and fixtures; cultured marble vanities; good cabinets; fiberglass shower in guest bath; 30- to 40-gallon water heater; separate commode closet

2 baths; vent fans; fiberglass shower with glass or plastic door; fiberglass or enameled steel tub; 6 to 8 linear foot cultured marble vanity, twin basin master bath; good cabinets; 30- to 40-gallon water heater

1¾ baths; fiberglass shower with glass or plastic door; fiberglass or enameled steel tub; 4 to 5 linear foot cultured marble vanity single basin; average quality cabinets; 30-gallon hot water heater

One bath; fiberglass tub or shower with curtain; small 4' plastic marble vanity; minimum quality cabinets

Bedrooms (4% of total cost)

9 to 14 linear foot floor-to- ceiling sliding mirrored wardrobe doors, or large walk- in closets

9 to 14 linear foot floor-to- ceiling mirrored sliding wardrobe doors in master bedroom, or walk-in closets

10± linear foot wardrobe; floor-to-ceiling mirrored sliding doors in master bedroom

8± linear foot wardrobe; pre-finished and grooved plywood doors; mirrored wardrobe door in master bedroom

Five to six linear foot wardrobe; plain plywood sliding doors

Exterior features (9% of total cost)

Set on concrete and/or metal piers; axle and wheel assembly for each towable section

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Manufactured Housing

Residential Structures Section 17

A manufactured home is a structure in one or more sections that is transportable, with or without a permanent foundation. No recreational vehicle or method of transporting is included in these costs. They can be from 8 to 36 feet wide and up to 80 feet long. Manufactured homes assembled from two or three attached sections are referred to as double wide or triple wide.

Tip-out, expando, or tag-a-long units have one or more telescoping or attached rooms to the side. All sections are to be included in the total square footage computations.

Area modification factors should not be used when computing the cost of manufactured housing.

Estimating Procedure 1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 16. 2. Multiply the structure floor area (excluding the garage) by the appropriate square foot cost below. 3. Add, when appropriate, the cost of foundation, air conditioning, built-ins, porch, skirting, tie-downs, carport, screen walls and roof snow load capability. See the following page.

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500

1, Best 108.51 107.16 105.84 104.47 103.14 101.79 100.48 99.10 97.79 96.46 95.10 1, & 2 102.15 100.80 99.49 98.20 96.78 95.43 94.05 92.78 91.41 90.11 88.74 2, Good 95.74 94.42 93.10 89.20 87.95 86.68 85.30 84.04 82.68 81.43 80.14 2 & 3 89.45 88.05 86.76 81.50 80.20 78.94 77.66 76.40 75.11 73.80 72.59 3, Average 83.39 82.10 80.64 75.75 72.36 71.07 69.89 68.65 67.39 66.18 64.91 3 & 4 78.03 76.66 75.38 70.69 67.39 66.18 64.91 63.66 62.41 61.18 59.91 4, Low Average 72.65 71.35 69.99 65.55 62.41 61.18 59.91 58.67 57.46 56.20 54.96 4 & 5 68.30 66.91 65.62 61.34 58.37 57.14 55.92 54.66 53.43 52.21 50.89 5 Lowest 64.26 62.97 61.62 55.92 54.66 53.43 52.21 50.89 49.66 48.45 47.22

Manufactured Housing, Class 4 Manufactured Housing, Class 5

Manufactured Housing, Class 1 Manufactured Housing, Class 3

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Manufactured Housing

18 Residential Structures Section 18

Additional Costs

Permanent Foundation Single Story Less than 1,000 square feet of floor area $8,260 to $14,430 Over 1,000 square feet to 1,800 square feet of floor area $14,430 to $26,320 Over 1,800 square feet to 2,500 square feet of floor area $26,320 to $43,200 For two-story units, use the footprint of the first floor and select a figure higher in the range of costs. For difficult site conditions, such as a high water table, heavy clay soil, over 3' foundation depth or a sloping site, use a figure in the higher range of costs. Air Conditioning Central air for use by existing furnace and ducts 2 ton, up to 1,100 S.F. $3,565 2-1/2 to 3 ton, over 1,100 to 1,600 S.F. $4,090 4 to 5 ton, over 1,600 to 2,500 S.F. $4,490 to $5,290. Cost per unit Thru-wall small unit 1/2 H.P., 6,000 Btu $1,240 Thru-wall large unit 1 H.P., 12,000 Btu $1,645 Evaporative cooler, roof mounted $1,170 to $1,850 Wiring for air conditioning $225 to $474

Built-Ins Dishwasher (included in classes 1, 2 & 3) $940 - $1,250 Garbage disposal (included in all base cost, deduct if missing) $190 - $1,160 Built-in microwave oven $525 - $730 Trash compactor $855 - $1,080 Wet bar (walk-up – if not included in class) $750 - $900 Wet bar (walk behind – if not included in class) $2,465 - $2,690 Separate shower in master bath $855 - $1,080 One-half bath: toilet, sink, and pullman $1,695 - $1,800 Bathroom sink or laundry sink $360 Fireplace (permanent – includes flue) $3,300 - $4,485 Fireplace (free standing – includes flue) $1,505 - $2,695 Built-in buffet-hutch (included in classes 1 and 2) $1,140 - $1,435 Whirlpool tub in master bath $1,380 - $1,685

Porches and Decks (no roofs included) Wood deck at home floor level with handrail, skirting, steps and outdoor carpet, per square foot of porch or deck $18.38 to $25.76

Skirting, cost per linear foot of skirt Lightweight aluminum panels $8.38 Lap aluminum siding $14.95 Painted hardboard panels $19.19 Flagstone-type aluminum panels $14.95 Concrete composite panels $25.05 - $31.31 Vinyl panels $16.67 Brick or stone $26.26

Storage Buildings, per S.F. of floor

Aluminum exterior $20.01 Enameled steel exterior $16.06 Hardboard panel exterior $35.05

Tie Downs

Cork screw anchor and straps, per each $105 - $155

Steps And Rails, per flight to 36" high

Fiberglass steps $265 - $415 Handrail $60 - $90

Upgraded Components

Upgraded Carpets $1,575 - $3,920 Upgraded Drapes $1,620 - $3,365

Carport, Porch, or Deck Roof, per S.F. covered

Aluminum supports and roof cover, free standing $15.05 - $20.00 Aluminum supports and roof cover, attached to house $9.70 - $14.05 Wood supports and enameled steel cover, free standing $17.65 - $22.00

Screen Wall Enclosure, per linear foot of 8' wall

Wood frame with screen walls and door $69.00 Wood or aluminum frame with screen and glass walls, with door $120.00

Roof Snowload Capability Cost per square foot of roof 30 pound design load $.76 - $1.21 40 pound design load $1.20 - $2.18 50 pound design load $2.18 - $2.89 60 pound design load $2.88 - $3.85 80 pound design load $3.65 - $5.80 100 pound design load $4.81 - $6.65 175 pound design load $6.10 - $7.35

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Multi-Family Residences – Apartments

Residential Structures Section 19

Quality Classification Class 3 Class 4 Class 1 Class 2 High Average Low Average Class 5 Best Quality Good Quality Quality Quality Minimum Quality

Foundation Conventional crawl space Conventional crawl space Conventional crawl space, Concrete slab or crawl Concrete slab. (9% of total cost) built on a sloping site. built on a sloping site. footing over 40" deep. space with 30" footing.

Floor Engineered wood, steel Engineered wood or steel Standard wood frame with Standard wood frame Simple slab on grade Structure or concrete exceeding built to meet code irregular shape and changes or concrete slab, with no changes in (12% of total cost) code requirements, complex requirements, changes in in elevation. simple floor plan. elevation. plan, changes in elevation. shape and elevation.

Walls and Complex wood or light Wood or light steel Wood or light steel frame, Wood frame, some Wood frame, little Exterior steel frame, stone or frame, masonry veneer decorative trim at entrance, ornamental details or no ornamentation, Finish masonry veneer, at entrance, good wood plywood or stucco siding, at entrance, plywood inexpensive stucco or (12% of total cost) 10' average wall height. or stucco siding. simple framing plan. or hardboard siding. hardboard siding.

Roof & Cover Complex roof plan, Good insulation, 4-ply built-up roof, 4-ply built-up roof, 4-ply built-up roof (10% of total cost) good insulation, tile good shake, tile or some portions heavy some portions shake or minimum grade or good shake cover. 5-ply built-up roof. shake or tile. or composition shingles. composition single.

Windows and Many large, good quality Large, good-quality Good quality vinyl or Standard residential- Minimum grade Doors vinyl or metal windows, vinyl or metal windows, metal windows, grade doors and doors and windows. (5% of total cost) architectural grade doors. commercial grade doors. residential grade doors. windows.

Interior Gypsum board with heavy Textured gypsum board, Textured 1/2" gypsum Textured 1/2" gypsum 1/2" gypsum board Finish texture or plaster, some some paneled walls, board, several irregular walls board, some wall-cover with smooth finish, (8% of total cost) paneled walls, cathedral decorative or stain grade or wall openings, few or hardboard paneling, no ornamental details, ceiling at entry, built-in trim at entrance or living ornamental details, most walls are rectangular, doors and windows cases, several wall offsets room, several irregular standard grade trim and standard grade trim and are the only wall and level changes. walls and wall openings. wall molding. wall molding. openings.

Floor Finish Masonry or stone tile entry, Masonry or tile at entry, Hardwood or tile at entry, Average quality carpet Minimum carpet (5% of total cost) good hardwood or deluxe hardwood or good carpet standard carpet in most or hardwood in most or resilient tile carpet in most rooms, good in most rooms, sheet rooms, sheet vinyl in rooms, sheet vinyl or throughout. sheet vinyl in other rooms. vinyl in other rooms. kitchen and bath. resilient tile in kitchen.

Interior Breakfast bar or nook, Formal dining room Separate dining Dining area is in the Dining area is part Features formal dining room, one ample closet space area, good closet kitchen, small closet of kitchen, minimum (5% of total cost) walk-in closet, linen closet linen closet and utility space, linen closet in each bedroom, closet space, utility room or pantry. closet, extra shelving. and small utility closet. linen closet. minimum shelving.

Bath Detail Good tile shower, 8' Tile shower, 6' vanity Better vanity cabinet Good vanity cabinet, Vanity and one small (4% of total cost) simulated marble top. cabinet and top. and good wall cabinet. good medicine cabinet. medicine cabinet.

Kitchen 16 LF of better hardwood 12 LF of good hardwood 8 LF of standard hardwood 6 LF of low-cost 5 LF of low-cost. (8% of total cost) wall and base cabinets, wall and base cabinets, wall and base cabinets, wall and base cabinets, wall & base cabinets, synthetic stone top, 6 very tile or acrylic top, 5 acrylic top, 4 standard laminate counter top, 4 laminate counter top, good built-in appliances. good built-in appliances. grade built-in appliances. standard grade appliances. low cost appliances.

Electrical Ample recessed lighting, Recessed lighting in most Recessed lighting in kitchen Low-cost recessed lighting Fluorescent ceiling (10% of total cost) task lighting in kitchen and rooms, good task lighting in and living room, switched in kitchen and living room, fixture in kitchen, bath, security & computer, kitchen & bath, security & receptacles in bedrooms, switched receptacles in switched receptacles networks, good chandelier. computer networks. wired for cable TV. other rooms, cable TV. in other rooms.

Plumbing Four excellent fixtures per Three good fixtures per Three standard fixtures per Three low cost fixtures Three minimum-grade (12% of total cost) bathroom, copper bathroom, copper supply bathroom, copper supply per bathroom, plastic fixtures per bathroom, supply and drain lines. and drain lines. and plastic drain lines. supply and drain lines. plastic supply & drains.

Plumbing costs assume 1 bathroom per unit. See page 30 for the costs of additional bathrooms.

For Masonry Good textured block, tile Colored or detailed block Colored concrete block, Colored concrete Concrete block or Walls or decorative brick. tile or decorative brick. tile or decorative brick. block or brick. common brick.

When masonry walls are used in lieu of wood or light steel frame walls, add 9% to the appropriate S.F. cost.

Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification. Exceptional class multi-family residences have architectural details and features uncommon in conventional apartment buildings. Many exceptional class multi-family structures are designed for sale or conversion to condominium ownership.

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Multi-Family Residences – Apartments

20 Residential Structures Section

2 or 3 Units

Estimating Procedure 1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 19. 2. Multiply the average unit area by the appropriate square foot cost below. The average unit area is found by dividing the

building area on all floors by the number of units in the building. The building area should include office and utility rooms, interior hallways and interior stairways.

3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8. 4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of balconies, porches, garages, heating and cooling equipment, basements,

fireplaces, carports, appliances and plumbing fixtures beyond that listed in the quality classification. See the cost of these items on pages 27 to 31.

5. Costs assume one bathroom per unit. Add the cost of additional bathrooms from page 30.

Average Unit Area in Square Feet

Quality Class 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1,000

Exceptional 221.89 212.17 206.88 202.16 198.57 195.29 192.84 190.02 188.38 185.13 182.10 1, Best 194.94 186.35 181.71 177.59 174.35 171.59 169.43 166.94 165.51 162.55 160.01 1, & 2 170.96 163.43 159.33 155.68 152.96 150.49 148.54 146.49 145.12 142.49 140.25 2, Good 149.59 143.07 139.44 136.33 133.86 131.63 130.01 128.16 126.99 124.72 122.77 2 & 3 136.81 130.76 127.59 124.60 122.39 120.49 118.90 117.28 116.16 114.16 112.30 3, Hi Average 125.20 119.61 116.66 114.10 112.03 110.22 108.70 107.34 106.27 104.36 102.73 3 & 4 115.59 110.48 107.78 105.28 103.38 101.82 100.48 99.03 98.16 96.38 94.87 4, Lo Average 106.78 102.03 99.47 97.20 95.50 93.96 92.67 91.43 90.65 89.05 87.56 4 & 5 98.61 94.21 91.87 89.79 88.12 86.73 85.66 84.43 83.70 82.15 80.82 5 Minimum 91.00 87.05 84.85 82.92 81.49 80.13 79.02 78.05 77.30 75.80 74.66

Average Unit Area in Square Feet

Quality Class 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,200

Exceptional 180.02 178.09 176.50 175.18 174.06 173.03 172.15 171.37 170.63 170.07 169.53 1, Best 158.01 156.54 154.98 153.88 152.84 151.96 151.17 150.63 149.90 149.36 148.95 1, & 2 138.60 137.19 135.94 134.90 134.12 133.28 132.56 132.04 131.45 131.09 130.65 2, Good 121.26 120.07 119.00 118.09 117.37 116.62 116.05 115.51 115.04 114.60 114.32 2 & 3 111.02 109.72 108.93 108.01 107.35 106.68 106.14 105.77 105.23 104.91 104.57 3, Hi Average 101.52 100.48 99.59 98.76 98.17 97.58 97.07 96.78 96.22 95.94 95.65 3 & 4 93.76 92.70 91.91 91.19 90.68 90.08 89.73 89.22 88.86 88.64 88.33 4, Lo Average 86.58 85.66 84.86 84.22 83.72 83.21 82.77 82.40 82.05 81.81 81.55 4 & 5 79.93 79.12 78.46 77.74 77.32 76.83 76.43 76.15 75.76 75.55 75.31 5 Minimum 73.73 73.06 72.38 71.85 71.35 70.90 70.59 70.22 70.01 69.69 69.54

Note: Work outside metropolitan areas may cost 2 to 6% less. Add 2% to the costs for second floor areas and 4% for third floor areas. Add 9% when the exterior walls are masonry.

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Multi-Family Residences – Apartments

Residential Structures Section 21 Residential Structures Section 2

4 to 9 Units

building area on all floors by the number of units in the building. The building area should include office and utility rooms, interior hallways and interior stairways.

3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8. 4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of balconies, porches, garages, heating and cooling equipment, basements,

fireplaces, carports, appliances and plumbing fixtures beyond that listed in the quality classification. See the cost of these items on pages 27 to 31.

5. Costs assume one bathroom per unit. Add the cost of additional bathrooms from page 30.

6995

Average Unit Area in Square Feet

Quality Class 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1,000

Exceptional 208.96 199.72 194.63 190.52 186.89 183.96 181.75 179.22 177.56 174.14 171.37 1, Best 183.65 175.48 170.98 167.36 164.28 161.62 159.63 157.44 156.00 153.08 150.63 1, & 2 160.95 153.87 149.89 146.80 143.97 141.71 140.03 138.02 136.81 134.24 132.04 2, Good 140.87 134.68 131.23 128.41 126.04 124.03 122.50 120.71 119.61 117.41 115.51 2 & 3 128.89 123.16 120.07 117.47 115.28 113.42 112.07 110.46 109.51 107.37 105.77 3, Hi Average 117.92 112.74 109.77 107.42 105.33 103.74 102.54 100.97 100.20 98.18 96.78 3 & 4 108.93 104.04 101.32 99.16 97.38 95.86 94.61 93.21 92.53 90.75 89.22 4, Lo Average 100.52 96.02 93.70 91.61 89.90 88.45 87.31 86.17 85.42 83.77 82.40 4 & 5 92.80 88.71 86.52 84.59 82.98 81.67 80.74 79.57 78.85 77.36 76.15 5 Minimum 85.71 81.89 79.78 78.13 76.65 75.43 74.58 73.49 72.74 71.39 70.22

Average Unit Area in Square Feet

Quality Class 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,200

Exceptional 169.67 167.83 166.33 164.98 163.96 162.84 162.04 161.39 160.58 160.02 159.63 1, Best 148.98 147.48 146.10 144.92 144.07 143.08 142.38 141.75 141.04 140.60 140.25 1, & 2 130.67 129.26 128.16 127.09 126.24 125.43 124.86 124.29 123.70 123.32 122.95 2, Good 114.36 113.16 112.15 111.18 110.48 109.81 109.29 108.76 108.26 107.88 107.59 2 & 3 104.64 103.49 102.54 101.68 101.15 100.52 99.96 99.53 98.98 98.65 98.42 3, Hi Average 95.73 94.61 93.78 93.13 92.53 91.87 91.42 91.00 90.57 90.34 90.01 3 & 4 88.40 87.31 86.60 85.87 85.37 84.85 84.43 84.07 83.70 83.30 83.16 4, Lo Average 81.57 80.74 79.98 79.37 78.85 78.34 78.05 77.65 77.30 76.96 76.76 4 & 5 75.33 74.58 73.88 73.23 72.74 72.35 71.96 71.68 71.30 71.05 70.85 5 Minimum 69.58 68.87 68.22 67.61 67.22 66.83 66.48 66.23 65.89 65.56 65.47

Note: Work outside metropolitan areas may cost 2 to 6% less. Add 2% to the costs for second floor areas and 4% for third floor areas. Add 9% when the exterior walls are masonry.

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Multi-Family Residences – Apartments

22 Residential Structures Section 22

10 or More Units

building area on all floors by the number of units in the building. The building area should include office and utility rooms, interior hallways and interior stairways.

3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8. 4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of balconies, porches, garages, heating and cooling equipment, basements,

fireplaces, carports, appliances and plumbing fixtures beyond that listed in the quality classification. See the cost of these items on pages 27 to 31.

5. Costs assume one bathroom per unit. Add the cost of additional bathrooms from page 30.

Average Unit in Square Feet

Quality Class 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1,000

Exceptional 197.56 187.83 183.96 180.12 176.50 173.75 171.37 169.25 167.54 164.60 162.20 1, Best 173.46 165.03 161.62 158.18 154.98 152.67 150.63 148.69 147.12 144.67 142.47 1, & 2 152.09 144.72 141.71 138.74 135.94 133.92 132.04 130.32 129.08 126.73 124.97 2, Good 133.10 126.61 124.03 121.35 119.00 117.20 115.51 114.11 112.97 110.97 109.30 2 & 3 121.76 115.85 113.42 111.12 108.93 107.22 105.77 104.39 103.37 101.52 99.99 3, Hi Average 111.38 105.90 103.74 101.60 99.59 98.01 96.78 95.50 94.50 92.80 91.48 3 & 4 102.88 97.93 95.86 93.78 91.91 90.46 89.22 88.12 87.26 85.75 84.50 4, Lo Average 94.95 90.38 88.45 86.60 84.86 83.67 82.40 81.49 80.69 79.13 78.08 4 & 5 87.75 83.50 81.67 79.98 78.46 77.19 76.15 75.13 74.40 73.07 72.02 5 Minimum 80.98 77.06 75.43 73.88 72.38 71.28 70.22 69.43 68.67 67.48 66.50

Average Unit in Square Feet

Quality Class 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,200

Exceptional 160.17 158.57 157.03 155.85 154.62 153.79 153.16 152.41 151.75 151.07 150.75 1, Best 140.69 139.28 138.01 136.81 135.80 135.06 134.56 133.87 133.39 132.70 132.38 1, & 2 123.36 122.11 120.99 120.07 119.10 118.52 117.99 117.43 116.89 116.44 116.03 2, Good 107.98 106.91 105.90 105.00 104.13 103.69 103.19 102.74 102.21 101.82 101.60 2 & 3 98.86 97.82 96.89 96.11 95.20 94.82 94.47 93.96 93.58 93.16 92.93 3, Hi Average 90.38 89.50 88.64 87.88 87.17 86.73 86.43 85.97 85.62 85.26 84.92 3 & 4 83.50 82.59 81.88 81.16 80.44 80.13 79.69 79.43 79.02 78.68 78.53 4, Lo Average 77.06 76.29 75.55 74.93 74.38 73.99 73.61 73.25 73.05 72.66 72.52 4 & 5 71.17 70.54 69.81 69.24 68.65 68.25 67.99 67.72 67.39 67.14 66.92 5 Minimum 65.70 65.02 64.46 63.95 63.38 63.02 62.83 62.50 62.26 61.96 61.83

Note: Work outside metropolitan areas may cost 2 to 6% less. Add 2% to the costs for second floor areas and 4% for third floor areas. Add 9% when the exterior walls are masonry.

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Motels

Residential Structures Section 23

Quality Classification Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Best Quality Good Quality Average Quality Low Quality

Foundation (4%) Concrete slab Concrete slab Concrete slab Concrete slab Foundation costs will vary greatly with substrate, type, and location.

Framing* Wood frame. Wood frame. Wood frame. Wood frame. (20% of total Cost)

Windows Large, good quality. Average number and Average number and Small, few, low (2% of total Cost) quality. quality. cost.

Roofing Heavy, shake, Medium shake or good Wood or good Inexpensive (8% of total Cost) tile or slate. built-up with large composition shingles rock, inexpensive tile. shingle, light shake, or built-up with or good built-up rock. with rock.

Overhang 36" open or 30" open 16" open. 12" to 16" open. (2% of total Cost) 24" closed. or small closed.

Exterior Walls Good wood or Good wood siding or Hardboard, wood Low cost stucco, (10% of total Cost) stucco, masonry stucco with some shingle, plywood hardboard or veneer on front. veneer. or stucco. plywood.

Flooring Good carpet, good Good carpet, sheet vinyl Average carpet, average Minimum tile or (5% of total Cost) sheet vinyl. or inlaid resilient. resilient tile in bath. low cost carpet.

Interior Finish Gypsum board with Gypsum board, taped, Gypsum board taped Minimum gyp- (23% of total cost including heavy texture or textured and painted and textured or sum board. finish carpentry, wiring, plaster with putty coat. or plaster. Some wall- colored interior lighting, etc.) Some good sheet wall paper. stucco. cover or paneling.

Baths Vinyl or foil wall cover, Ceramic tile over tub Plastic coated hard- Plastic coated (15% of total Cost) ceramic tile over tub with glass shower board with low cost hardboard with with glass shower door, door. glass shower door. one small mirror. ample mirrors.

Plumbing** Copper tube, good Galvanized pipe, Average cost fixtures. Plastic pipe, (9% of total Cost) quality fixtures. good fixtures. low cost fixtures.

Special 8' sliding glass door, 8' sliding glass door, Small tile or plastic None. Features 8' to 10' tile pullman good tile or plastic pullman in bath. (2% of total Cost) in bath. top pullman in bath.

*For Masonry Walls 8" textured face 8" colored or detailed 8" colored block 8" painted reinforced masonry. reinforced masonry. or common brick, concrete block. reinforced. Note: When masonry walls are used in lieu of wood frame walls add 8% to the appropriate cost

**Add the Following Amounts per Kitchen Unit Kitchens Good sink, 8' to 10' Average sink and 6' Low cost sink, and 5' Minimum sink, of good cabinets and to 8' average cabinet of cabinets and cabinets and drainboard - $3,700 and drainboard - $3,430 drainboard - $2,460 drainboard - $2,090 Add the cost of built-in kitchen fixtures from the table of costs for built-in appliances on page 29.

Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification.

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Motels

Residential Structures Section 24

9 Units or Less

Estimating Procedure 1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 23. 2. Multiply the average unit area by the appropriate cost below. The average unit area is found by dividing the total building

area on all floors (including office and manager's area, utility rooms, interior hallways and stairway area) by the number of units in the building.

3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8. 4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of heating and cooling equipment, porches, balconies, exterior stairs, garages, kitchens,

built-in kitchen appliances and fireplaces. See pages 23 and 27 to 31.

VACANCY

M O T E L

Average Unit Area in Square Feet

Quality Class 200 225 250 275 300 330 375 425 500 600 720

1, Best 165.64 159.71 155.05 151.11 147.87 144.67 140.79 137.38 133.58 129.93 126.94 1 & 2 152.16 146.69 142.41 138.82 135.88 132.87 129.25 126.17 122.67 119.38 116.57 2, Good 141.20 136.17 132.17 128.86 126.08 123.35 120.01 117.16 113.85 110.76 108.20 2 & 3 129.74 125.15 121.42 118.39 115.86 113.32 110.23 107.63 104.63 101.82 99.47 3, Average 120.40 116.10 112.72 109.86 107.49 105.12 102.32 99.82 97.07 94.44 92.28 3 & 4 110.50 106.57 103.44 100.83 98.69 96.50 93.88 91.68 89.07 86.71 84.66 4, Low 101.02 97.36 94.50 92.17 90.16 88.22 85.82 83.78 81.40 79.20 77.37

Note: Add 2% for work above the first floor. Work outside metropolitan areas may cost 2 to 6% less. Add 8% when the exterior walls are masonry. Deduct 2% for area built on a concrete slab.

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Motels

Residential Structures Section 25

10 to 24 Units

area on all floors (including office and manager's area, utility rooms, interior hallways and stairway area) by the number of units in the building.

built-in kitchen appliances and fireplaces. See pages 23 and 27 to 31.

Average Unit Area in Square Feet

Quality Class 200 225 250 275 300 330 375 425 500 600 720

1, Best 160.49 154.79 150.18 146.47 143.33 140.17 136.39 133.14 129.44 125.89 123.00 1 & 2 147.42 142.19 137.97 134.53 131.62 128.75 125.28 122.28 118.90 115.69 112.95 2, Good 136.93 132.08 128.10 124.91 122.25 119.56 116.33 113.52 110.36 107.40 104.94 2 & 3 125.75 121.26 117.60 114.70 112.25 109.72 106.84 104.25 101.34 98.60 96.32 3, Average 116.64 112.48 109.19 106.40 104.12 101.87 99.09 96.73 94.04 91.54 89.35 3 & 4 107.06 103.24 100.21 97.69 95.61 93.49 90.94 88.82 86.27 84.00 82.05 4, Low 97.87 94.33 91.59 89.30 87.38 85.50 83.13 81.16 78.92 76.79 75.01

Note: Add 2% for work above the first floor. Work outside metropolitan areas may cost 2 to 6% less. Add 8% when the exterior walls are masonry. Deduct 2% for area built on a concrete slab.

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Motels

Residential Structures Section 26

Over 24 Units

area on all floors (including office and manager's area, utility rooms, interior hallways and stairway area) by the number of units in the building.

built-in kitchen appliances and fireplaces. See pages 23 and 27 to 31.

Average Unit Area in Square Feet

Quality Class 200 225 250 275 300 330 375 425 500 600 720

1, Best 155.21 149.66 145.22 141.63 138.53 135.52 131.87 128.74 125.18 121.78 119.00 1 & 2 142.64 137.54 133.42 130.13 127.30 124.50 121.13 118.27 114.98 111.88 109.30 2, Good 132.39 127.73 123.91 120.83 118.25 115.63 112.57 109.80 106.81 103.89 101.52 2 & 3 121.62 117.24 113.80 110.97 108.52 106.17 103.32 100.79 98.04 95.42 93.22 3, Average 112.80 108.76 105.56 102.92 100.68 98.54 95.87 93.59 90.97 88.50 86.49 3 & 4 103.53 99.80 96.83 94.37 92.39 90.42 87.91 85.83 83.47 81.22 79.34 4, Low 94.65 91.24 88.52 86.29 84.45 82.64 80.37 78.46 76.30 74.28 72.51

Note: Add 2% for work above the first floor. Work outside metropolitan areas may cost 2 to 6% less. Add 8% when the exterior walls are masonry. Deduct 2% for area built on a concrete slab.

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Additional Costs for Residential Structures

Residential Structures Section 27

Covered Porches Estimate covered porches by applying a fraction of the main building square foot cost.

Suggested Porch Description Fraction Ground level floor (usually concrete) without banister, with no ceiling and shed-type roof. 1/4 to 1/3 High (house floor level) floor (concrete or wood) with light banister, no ceiling and shed-type roof. 1/3 to 1/2 Same as above with a finished ceiling and roof like the residence (most typical). 1/2 Same as above but partially enclosed with screen or glass. 1/2 to 2/3 Enclosed lean-to (sleeping porch, etc.) with lighter foundation, wall structure, interior finish or roof than that of house to which it is attached. 1/2 to 3/4 Roofed, enclosed, recessed porch, under the same roof as the main building and with the same type and quality foundation (includes shape costs). 3/4 Roofed, enclosed, recessed porch with the same type roof and foundation as the main building (includes shape costs). 4/4 Good arbor or pergola with floor. 1/4 to 1/3

Uncovered Concrete Decks, cost per square foot, 4" thick concrete On Grade 1' High 2' High 3' High 4' High Less than 100 square feet $7.99 $11.17 $17.96 $25.21 $36.75 100 to 200 square feet 7.27 10.08 14.56 20.48 27.30 200 to 400 square feet 6.18 7.99 12.47 18.16 23.52 Over 400 square feet 5.99 7.27 10.97 14.56 18.96

Uncovered Wood Decks, cost per square foot, 2" thick deck with typical steps and railing

1' to 4' above ground. $23.07 to $26.89 Over 4' to 6' above ground 26.80 to 34.54 Over 6' to 9' above ground 27.96 to 36.55 Over 9' to 12' above ground 28.98 to 38.24 Over 12' above ground 30.50 to 39.82

Porch Roofs, cost per square foot based on wood shingle cover Type Cost per Square Foot Alternate Roof Covers Cost Difference per S.F.

Unceiled shed roof $9.13 to $10.87 Corrugated aluminum Deduct $.78 to $.98 Ceiled shed roof 15.43 to 17.41 Roll asphalt Deduct .79 to .88 Unceiled gable roof 10.29 to 13.35 Fiberglass shingles Deduct .98 to 1.09 Ceiled gable roof 17.40 to 19.29 Wood shakes Add 1.13 to 1.75 (See the figures at the right for other roof cover) Clay or concrete tile Add 6.40 to 7.80 Slate Add 6.92 to 9.54

Residential Basements, cost per square foot, including stairs Size Unfinished Basements Finished Basements

Less than 400 square feet $25 to $42 $38 to $57 400 - 1,000 square feet 19 to 28 32 to 38 Over 1,000 square feet 16 to 19 29 to 34 These basement costs assume normal soil conditions, 7' headroom, no plumbing, partitions or windows. Unfinished basements have reinforced concrete floors and concrete or concrete block walls, a floor drain, stairway with a landing and handrail, open ceilings and one switched fluorescent fixture. Finished residential basements have a tile ceiling, resilient flooring, wood panel walls and lighting similar to Class 5 residences. Residential basements are common in climates where footing depths must be 4' or more to prevent frost heaving. These figures assume the residence is in an area where minimum footing depth is 4 feet. Where climate doesn't influence footing depth, unfinished basement costs will be 20% to 50% higher.

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Additional Costs for Residential Structures

Residential Structures Section 28

Balconies, Standard Wood Frame, cost per square foot, including foundations

Supported by 4" x 4" posts, 2" wood floor, open on underside, open 2" x 4" railing. $20.50 to $22.30 Supported by 4" x 4" posts, 2" wood floor, sealed on underside, solid stucco or wood siding on railing. 24.14 to 26.01 Supported by steel columns, lightweight concrete floor, sealed on underside, solid stucco or open grillwork railing 36.60 to 40.60

Heating and Cooling Equipment

Prices include wiring and minimum duct work. Use the higher figures for smaller residences and in more extreme climates where greater heating and cooling density is required. Cost per square foot of heated or cooled area.

Type Perimeter Outlets Overhead Outlets

Central Ducted Air Systems, Single Family Forced air heating $5.36 to $5.93 $4.19 to $4.79 Forced air heating and cooling 6.03 to 7.18 5.76 to 6.08 Gravity heat 3.86 to 5.20 — Central Ducted Air Systems, Multi-Family Forced air heating 4.61 to 5.08 4.41 to 5.07 Forced air heating and cooling 6.38 to 7.03 5.62 to 6.01 Motel Units Forced air heating 5.52 to 5.84 5.31 to 5.76 Forced air heating and cooling 6.51 to 7.03 6.32 to 6.51 Circulating hot and cold water system 12.80 to 15.06 12.80 to 15.06

Floor and Wall Furnaces, cost each Single floor unit $1,240 to $1,415 Dual floor unit 2,205 to 2,370 Single wall unit 795 to 1,020 Dual wall unit 1,475 to 1,705 Thermostat control, add 115 to 138

Electric Baseboard Units, cost each 500 watts, 3' $296 to $332 1,000 watts, 4' 411 to 456 1,500 watts, 6' 442 to 489 2,000 watts, 8' 536 to 614 2,500 watts, 10' 624 to 681 3,000 watts, 12' 750 to 815

Outside Stairways, cost per square foot of horizontal step area

Standard wood frame, wood steps with open risers, open on underside, open 2" x 4" railing, unpainted. $18.28 to $20.11 Standard wood frame, solid wood risers, sealed on underside, solid stucco or wood siding on railing. 22.01 to 26.00 Precast concrete steps with open risers, steel frame, pipe rail with ornamental grillwork. 47.98 to 53.50

Window Type or Thru-the-Wall Refrigerated Room Coolers, cost each

1/3 ton $453 to $532 1/2 535 to 665 3/4 540 to 849 1 670 to 825 1-1/2 866 to 920 2 927 to 1130 Ton = 12,000 Btu

Electric Wall Heaters, cost each

1,000 watts $410 to $480 2,000 477 to 515 3,000 500 to 647 3,500 580 to 714 4,000 682 to 750 4,500 750 to 955 Add for circulating fan 79 to 115 Add for thermostat 52 to 115

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Additional Costs for Residential Structures

Residential Structures Section 29

Appliances. Add these costs only when the appliance is not included in the quality class. Includes installation.

Built-in single wall oven with broiler $561 to $677 Range hood and fan $168 to $397 Built-in double wall oven with microwave 1,015 to 1,910 Franklin or Buck stove Drop-in range with single oven, economy 449 to 677 Steel, cast iron front 1,345 to 2,030 Drop-in range with single oven, excellent 1,122 to 2,100 Steel, cast iron front, glass door 2,030 to 2,810 Range top, four elements All cast iron, glass panel door 3,490 to 5,060 Residential grade, without grill 505 to 950 Under counter 5 CF refrigerator 622 to 902 Residential grade, with grill 835 to 1,410 Central vacuum, 3 to 5 outlets 1,915 to 3,830 Commercial grade 3,830 to 6,410 Dishwasher 306 to 1,130 Hot water circulator 622 to 673 Garbage disposal 204 to 476 Instant hot water dispenser 510 to 720 Trash compactor 385 to 645

Fireplaces, cost each, including reinforced foundation, flue, cap, gas line and valve.

Freestanding wood burning heat circulating prefab metal fireplace 1 Story 2 Story with interior flue, base and cap $2,005 $2,450 36" wide zero-clearance enclosed metal firebox, brick face, wood mantel 2,340 2,660 48" wide zero-clearance enclosed metal firebox, raised hearth, brick face and mantel 3,230 3,668 Masonry, 5' base, common brick or block on interior face, wood or brick mantle 5,125 5,780 Masonry, 6' base, used brick or natural stone on interior face, raised hearth 10,240 12,110 Masonry, 8' base, used brick or natural stone on interior face, raised hearth 12,240 17,770

Residential Garages and Carports

Attached and detached garages for single family dwellings usually fall in the same quality class as the main structure. Costs are per SF of floor based on wood or light steel construction. Add 8% if exterior walls are masonry. Attached garages assume a 20 foot wall in common with the main structure. Multiply the square foot cost below by the correct location factor on page 7 or 8 to find the square foot cost for any garage. Costs include interior finish and one light fixture per 300 SF of floor. Deduct 10% to 18% if interior walls are unfinished. Where dwelling and exterior garage walls are in vertical alignment with second floor walls, the garage cost per SF will be about 2/3 of the main dwelling cost per SF if finished and 1/2 of the main dwelling cost if unfinished. Carports with wood or steel posts, an asphalt floor, and built-up or metal roof will cost $15.80 to $18.30 per SF.

Square Foot Area for Attached Garages for Single Family Dwellings

Quality Class 220 260 280 320 360 400 440 480 540 600 720

1, Luxury 157.23 149.81 146.65 142.04 136.69 133.31 129.33 126.13 123.01 119.94 116.96 1, & 2 136.39 130.08 127.47 123.27 119.04 116.06 112.62 109.83 107.08 104.44 101.83 2, Semi-Luxury 102.53 97.91 96.05 92.92 89.73 87.51 84.90 82.80 80.75 78.72 76.76 2 & 3 82.94 77.69 76.49 75.48 72.88 71.08 68.95 67.27 65.58 63.95 62.37 3, Best Std. 68.94 65.93 64.73 62.67 60.72 59.21 57.46 56.00 54.63 53.26 51.94 3 & 4 58.38 56.01 55.06 53.39 51.46 50.17 48.68 47.47 46.29 45.14 44.03 4, Good Std. 51.68 49.31 48.43 47.11 45.55 44.41 43.08 42.01 40.97 39.96 38.97 4 & 5 48.77 46.14 45.09 43.61 42.05 41.01 39.77 38.79 37.82 36.90 35.97 5 Avg. Std. 45.67 42.87 41.86 40.27 38.54 37.58 36.46 35.55 34.68 33.80 32.97 5 & 6 40.53 38.27 37.41 35.96 34.63 33.75 32.74 31.94 31.15 30.38 29.61 6, Min. Std. 35.51 33.66 33.13 32.04 30.82 30.04 29.16 28.42 27.70 27.04 26.35

Square Foot Area for Detached Garages for Single Family Dwellings

Quality Class 220 260 280 320 360 400 440 480 540 600 720

1, Luxury 178.84 165.28 160.36 151.80 148.80 144.08 137.81 134.39 131.05 127.80 124.62 1, & 2 154.08 142.87 138.30 131.22 128.85 124.75 119.33 116.37 113.47 110.64 107.90 2, Semi-Luxury 114.85 106.79 103.63 98.35 96.65 93.59 89.49 87.29 85.12 83.00 80.93 2 & 3 92.85 86.24 83.62 79.42 78.13 75.63 72.35 70.56 68.79 67.09 65.43 3, Best Std. 76.87 71.38 69.29 65.89 64.82 62.77 60.02 58.54 57.07 55.67 54.29 3 & 4 68.09 63.38 61.47 58.52 57.65 55.79 53.38 52.06 50.76 49.49 48.27 4, Good Std. 60.05 55.93 54.25 51.58 50.82 49.19 47.06 45.88 44.75 43.64 42.55 4 & 5 55.48 51.64 50.14 47.23 47.04 45.55 43.55 42.47 41.42 40.38 39.38 5 Avg. Std. 52.43 48.00 46.29 43.64 42.69 41.35 39.54 38.55 37.59 36.65 35.75 5 & 6 44.11 40.74 39.34 37.31 36.68 35.52 33.96 33.12 32.30 31.50 30.70 6, Min. Std. 38.43 35.50 34.49 32.72 32.28 31.25 29.89 29.16 28.41 27.69 27.04

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Additional Costs for Residential Structures

30 Residential Structures Section

Costs for Multi-Family Residential Bathrooms beyond 1 per unit

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Best Quality Good Quality High Average Low Average Minimum Quality 2 or 3 units 2 fixture bath $8,277 $6,661 $5,634 $4,694 $3,973 3 fixture bath 12,015 10,243 8,497 7,314 5,855 4 fixture bath 15,287 13,214 11,797 9,665 8,275 4 to 9 units 2 fixture bath 7,639 6,333 5,293 4,423 3,647 3 fixture bath 10,810 9,389 8,082 6,718 5,406 4 fixture bath 14,959 12,666 10,471 8,725 7,208 10 or more units 2 fixture bath 6,879 5,855 4,970 3,865 3,188 3 fixture bath 10,593 8,846 7,427 5,853 4,806 4 fixture bath 13,977 12,015 9,609 7,863 6,006

Half Story Areas

Lesser Same Finish Quality Type As Main Area Finish Use a fraction of the basic square foot cost for A 1/3 1/4 figuring the reduced headroom floor area. B 1/2 1/3 Type “C” includes typical dormers. C 2/3 1/2

Elevators, per shaft cost for car and machinery

Hydraulic based on two stops Capacity 100 F.P.M. 200 F.P.M.

2,000 lbs. $44,370 $73,460 2,500 lbs. 47,678 76,625 3,000 lbs. 49,520 82,110 3,500 lbs. — 86,700 4,000 lbs. — 89,800 Add for deluxe car, $9,125. Add for each additional stop over 2: $3,500, baked enamel doors $9,410, stainless steel doors $9,910.

Electric based on six stops Capacity 200 F.P.M. 250 F.P.M. 300 F.P.M.

2,000 lbs. $111,412 $117,900 $122,460 2,500 lbs. 117,980 124,550 132,135 3,000 lbs. 126,670 138,435 142,940 3,500 lbs. 138,535 147,225 154,862 4,000 lbs. 147,345 159,245 166,805 Add $8,630 for a deluxe car. Add $9,370 for each additional stop over 6.

Type A Type B Type C

7'-6"

20'

7'-6" 8'-0"

20' 20'

12 20'

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Multi-Family and Motel Garages Cost Per Square Foot

Residential Structures Section 31

Garages built at ground level under a multi-family or motel unit. The costs below include the following components: 1. A reinforced concrete floor in all areas. 2. Exterior walls, on one long side and two short sides,

made up of a wood frame and good quality stucco, wood siding or masonry veneer.

3. A finished ceiling in all areas. 4. The difference between the cost of a standard wood

frame floor structure at second floor level and one at ground level.

5. An inexpensive light fixture for each 600 square feet.

Where no exterior walls enclose the two short sides, use 2/3 of the square foot cost.

Garages built as separate structures for multi-family or motel units. The costs below include the following components: 1. Foundations. 2. A reinforced concrete floor in all areas. 3. Exterior walls on one long side and two short sides,

made up of a wood frame and good quality stucco, wood siding or masonry veneer.

4. Steel support columns supporting the roof.

5. A wood frame roof structure with composition tar and gravel, wood shingle or light shake cover. No interior ceiling finish.

6. An inexpensive light fixture for each 600 square feet.

Use the location modifiers on page 7 or 8 to adjust garage costs to any area.

Basement Garages

Costs listed below are per square foot of floor, including the horizontal area of stairs and the approach ramp. These costs assume a single-level garage is built on one level, approximately 5 feet below grade, directly below 2 to 4 story multi-family structure with perimeter walls in vertical alignment. These costs include:

1. Excavation to 5' below ground line.

2. Full wall enclosure.

3. Typical storage facilities.

4. Minimum lighting.

5. Concrete floors.

Use the location modifiers on page 7 or 8 to adjust garage costs to the site.

Ground Level Garages

Area 400 800 1,200 2,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 Cost 35.75 31.99 28.58 25.10 23.50 22.54 21.91 20.88

Separate Structure Garages

Area 400 800 1,200 2,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 Cost 41.00 36.50 33.50 31.79 30.43 29.20 27.96 27.35

Basement Garages

Type 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 60,000

Reinforced concrete exterior walls and columns. Flat concrete roof slab. 54.59 49.93 47.78 47.10 45.71 45.17 44.53 44.04

Concrete block exterior walls, reinforced concrete columns. Flat concrete roof slab. 54.26 50.85 47.53 46.23 45.25 44.64 44.00 42.54

Concrete block exterior walls, steel posts and beams, light concrete/metal roof fireproofed with spray plaster. 50.90 46.55 44.32 38.40 36.72 41.19 39.90 39.28

Concrete block exterior walls, wood posts and beams, light concrete/metal roof fireproofed with spray plaster. 45.42 43.15 40.47 37.69 36.50 36.00 35.43 34.78

Add for each security gate 3.41 2.48 2.09 1.55 1.31 1.06 .92 .81

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Cabins and Recreational Dwellings

32 Residential Structures Section

Cabins and recreational dwellings are designed for single family occupancy, usually on an intermittent basis. These structures are characterized by a more rustic interior and exterior finish and often have construction details which would not meet building requirements in metropolitan areas. Classify these structures into either “conventional type” or “A-frame” construction. Conventional dwellings have an exterior wall which is approximately 8 feet high on all sides. A-frame cabins have a sloping roof which reduces the horizontal area 8 feet above the first floor to between 50% and 75% of the first floor area.

Conventional recreational dwellings vary widely in quality and the quality of construction is the most significant factor influencing cost. Conventional recreational dwellings are listed in six quality classes. Class 1 is the most expensive commonly encountered and Class 6 is the minimum commonly encountered. Nearly all conventional recreational dwellings built from stock plans will fall into Class 3, 4, 5, or 6. For convenience, these classes are labeled Best Standard, Good Standard, Average Standard or Minimum Standard. Class 1 residences are labeled Luxury. Class 2 residences are labeled Semi-Luxury. Class 1 and 2 residences are designed by professional architects, usually to meet preferences of the first owner.

The shape of the outside perimeter also has a significant influence on cost: The more complex the shape, the more expensive the structure per square foot of floor. The shape classification of multiple story or split-level conventional recreational dwellings should be based on the outline formed by the outermost exterior walls, including the garage area, regardless of the story level. Most conventional recreational dwellings fall into Classes 3, 4, 5 or 6 and have 4, 6, 8 or 10 corners, as illustrated above. Small insets that do not require a change in the roof line can be ignored when evaluating the outside perimeter.

Class 1 and 2 (Luxury and Semi-Luxury) conventional recreational dwellings have more than ten corners and are best evaluated by counting the “building masses.” A building mass is a group of contiguous rooms on one or more levels with access at varying angles from a common point or hallway. The illustration at the right above represents a conventional recreational dwelling with two building masses. Most Class 1 and Class 2 conventional recreational dwellings have from one to four building masses, ignoring any attached garage. For convenience, cost tables for Class 1 and 2 conventional recreational dwellings with one, two, three or four building masses have been appended to cost tables for Class 3, 4, 5 and 6 conventional recreational dwellings with 4, 6, 8 and 10 building corners.

Conventional recreational dwellings which have features of two or more quality classes can be placed between two of the six labeled classes. The tables have five half-classes (1 & 2, 2 & 3, etc.) which can be applied to conventional recreational dwellings with some characteristics of two or more quality classes. If a portion of a conventional recreational dwelling differs significantly in quality from other portions, evaluate the square footage of each portion separately.

Cabins and recreational dwellings are often built under difficult working conditions and in remote sites. Individual judgments may be necessary in evaluating the cost impact of the dwelling location. The costs assume construction by skilled professional craftsmen. Where non-professional labor or second quality materials are used, use the next lower quality classification that might otherwise apply. If the structure is assembled from prefabricated components, use costs for the next lower half class.

Example of Dwelling Shapes

4 corners 6 corners 8 corners 10 corners 2 building masses

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Conventional Recreational Dwellings

Residential Structures Section 33

Quality Classification Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 Luxury Semi-Luxury Best Std. Good Std. Average Std Minimum Std.

Foundation Reinforced concrete Reinforced Reinforced Reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete Wood piers, light (8% of total cost) on a sloping site. concrete. concrete. or concrete block. or concrete block. concrete or block

Floor Engineered Engineered Engineered wood Good wood Standard wood 2" floor joists 16" Structure wood or steel, wood or steel or steel trusses, frame with OSB frame with OSB on center with (11% of total cost) complex plan, trusses, good T&G sub-floor, sub-floor, some sub-floor, some OSB sub-floor. elevation changes. floor insulation. good floor insulation. floor insulation. floor insulation.

Wall Framing Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel, and Exterior irregular walls, irregular walls, several wall offsets, shingle or plywood wood panel siding panel hardboard Finish wood siding, stone, wood siding, stone plywood or lap siding, siding, some trim few or no offsets, siding, minimum (14% of total cost) veneer, top-grade veneer, better doors good grade doors or veneer, average commodity grade grade doors and doors and windows. and windows. and windows. doors and windows. doors and windows. windows.

Roof Complex, heavy Multi-pitch, shake, Dual-pitch, wood Wood trusses, wood Simple wood frame, Wood frame, (13% of total cost) tile or metal cover, metal or good tile single or tile surface, or good fiberglass fiberglass shingle fiberglass shingle highly detailed. surface. gable over entrances. shingle surface. surface. or roll roofing cover.

Floor Finish Stone or masonry Masonry entry, good Hardwood or tile entry, Good sheet vinyl Sheet vinyl or tile Composition tile (5% of total cost) tile entry, inlaid hardwood or carpet carpet in most rooms or average carpet on most areas, or minimum grade hardwood or best in most rooms, good sheet vinyl in kitchen in most areas, some carpet in living sheet vinyl. carpet throughout. sheet vinyl elsewhere. and bathrooms. hardwood or tile. room.

Interior Wall Top-grade paneling Good wood paneling Good hardwood 1/2" gypsum 1/2" gypsum Taped 1/2" gypsum and Ceiling or wallboard with or textured wallboard veneer paneling or wallboard with wallboard with wallboard, smooth Finish artistic finish, with decorative gypsum wallboard, smooth finish, smooth finish, or orange peel (8% of total cost) many offsets and details in most some irregular walls, plywood paneling. most walls are finish. Nearly all wall openings, rooms, many wall decorative details at entry and living rectangular, doors walls are regular, decorative details openings, several in living room, entry room, some and windows are few decorative in most rooms. racks and shelves. and kitchen. decorative details. the only openings. details.

Interior Exposed beams or Great room has Cathedral ceiling Cathedral ceiling Rustic exposed Minimum grade Features decorative details, exposed beams, at entry or in master in master bedroom, ceiling beams, molding and trim. (5% of total cost) 10' to 14' ceiling most rooms have bedroom, floor level sliding glass door, sliding closet doors, in great room, windows on two changes, several decorative wood standard grade many sky widows, sides, several framed wall openings or molding and trim. wood molding and built-in shelving. openings. pass-throughs. trim.

Bath At least 1 large tile Tile in 1 bathroom, Tile or fiberglass Good plastic tub and Average plastic tub Minimum plastic Detail shower, good glass block or good shower, at least one shower in at least one and shower in at tub and shower in (4% of total cost) tile counter in window in each bath, built-in bathtub, good bathroom, one small least one bathroom, one bathroom, master bath. good vanity cabinet. window in each bath. window in each bath. small vanity cabinet. minimum vanity.

Kitchen Over 20 LF of 15 to 18 LF of good 12 to 15 LF of good 10 to 12 LF of stock 8 to 10 LF of stock Less than 8 Detail good custom wall custom base stock wall and base standard grade wall standard grade wall LF of low-cost (8% of total cost) & base cabinets, and wall cabinets, cabinets, tile or and base cabinets, and base cabinets, wall and base synthetic stone acrylic or tile counter acrylic counter top, low-cost tile or laminated plastic cabinets, resin- counter top, top, desk with book desk and shelf or laminated plastic or resin coated coated hardboard island work area. shelf above. breakfast nook. counter top. hardboard top. counter top.

Plumbing 12 good fixtures, 10 good fixtures 9 average grade 8 standard grade, 7 low-cost fixtures, 6 or less minimum (11% of total cost) 2 water heaters, large water heater, fixtures, copper fixtures, plastic supply plastic supply and grade fixtures, laundry room, laundry area, supply and plastic and plastic drain plastic drain lines. plastic supply copper piping. copper piping. drain piping. lines. and drain lines.

Special 10 deluxe built-in 7 good built-in 6 good built-in 5 average built-in 4 standard grade 3 minimum grade Features appliances, good appliances, good appliances, good appliances, adequate kitchen appliances, built-in kitchen (4% of total cost) weather-protection wall and ceiling wall and ceiling, wall and ceiling adequate ceiling appliances, throughout. insulation. insulation. insulation. insulation. limited insulation.

Electrical Ample area and Good area and Good light fixtures Good light fixture Simple light fixture 5 or less lighting System track lighting in track lighting, in kitchen and baths, in most rooms, in most rooms, fixtures, switch- (9% of total cost) most rooms, task simple light fixture limited fixtures in switch-operated switch-operated operated plug outlet light in bathrooms. in each bathroom. other rooms. outlet in bedrooms. plugs in bedrooms. in most rooms.

Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification.

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Conventional Recreational Dwellings

34 Residential Structures Section

4 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5, and 6) or One Building Mass (Classes 1 and 2 Only)

Estimating Procedure 1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 33. 2. Multiply the structure floor area by the appropriate cost listed below. 3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8. 4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of a deck or porch, paving, fireplace, garage or carport, heating, extra plumbing fixtures,

supporting walls, half story areas, construction on hillside lots, and construction in remote areas. See page 42.

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400

1, Luxury — — — — 395.54 378.36 364.02 352.59 342.82 334.36 326.70 1, & 2 — — — 366.51 347.63 332.59 319.95 310.07 301.24 294.05 287.27 2, Semi-Luxury — — 343.94 321.69 305.05 291.89 280.79 272.26 264.41 258.07 252.02 2 & 3 — 322.99 298.49 279.14 264.58 253.28 243.53 236.40 229.29 223.80 218.72 3, Best Std. 269.80 241.98 223.67 209.17 198.34 189.75 182.50 177.08 171.89 167.72 163.90 3 & 4 246.56 221.18 204.32 191.09 181.24 173.45 166.91 161.82 157.15 153.32 149.80 4, Good Std. 225.32 202.08 186.84 174.59 165.70 158.48 152.40 147.89 143.55 140.20 136.92 4 & 5 207.93 186.43 172.34 161.20 152.84 146.29 140.61 136.45 132.35 129.26 126.37 5 Avg. Std. 191.75 171.97 159.05 148.63 141.00 134.89 129.71 125.80 122.22 119.31 116.48 5 & 6 176.89 158.73 146.63 137.11 130.02 124.44 119.69 116.03 112.80 109.93 107.49 6, Min. Std. 163.13 146.37 135.36 126.45 119.94 114.88 110.41 107.14 103.90 101.52 99.19

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200

1, Luxury 321.87 315.36 310.74 306.23 298.30 291.15 286.30 280.94 277.69 273.11 270.48 1, & 2 281.57 277.32 273.13 269.21 262.30 255.81 251.73 246.92 244.22 240.21 237.71 2, Semi-Luxury 248.12 243.48 239.72 236.32 230.28 224.40 221.01 216.75 214.29 210.84 208.62 2 & 3 215.11 211.26 207.98 204.99 199.70 194.72 191.66 188.07 185.96 182.88 180.99 3, Best Std. 161.31 158.23 155.83 153.64 149.70 145.95 143.75 140.85 139.34 137.08 135.56 3 & 4 147.30 144.64 142.44 140.41 136.69 133.34 131.26 128.84 127.32 125.21 123.99 4, Good Std. 134.63 132.23 130.10 128.34 124.98 121.77 119.98 117.74 116.45 114.45 113.27 4 & 5 124.19 121.89 120.21 118.31 115.20 112.38 110.73 108.55 107.43 105.57 — 5 Avg. Std. 114.59 112.52 110.77 109.21 106.31 103.77 102.19 100.17 99.07 — — 5 & 6 105.73 103.81 102.21 100.82 98.16 95.69 94.23 92.35 — — — 6, Min. Std. 97.57 95.74 94.29 92.92 90.49 88.27 86.83 — — — —

Note: Add 4% to the square foot cost for floors above the second floor level.

Conventional Recreational Dwelling, Class 5 Conventional Recreational Dwelling, Class 3

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Conventional Recreational Dwellings

Residential Structures Section 35

6 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5, and 6) or Two Building Masses (Classes 1 and 2 Only)

supporting walls, half story areas, construction on hillside lots, and construction in remote areas. See page 42.

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400

1, Luxury — — — — 404.23 386.82 372.16 361.40 351.36 343.07 335.61 1, & 2 — — — 374.09 355.47 340.16 327.20 317.80 308.81 301.49 294.86 2, Semi-Luxury — — 350.54 328.37 312.01 298.57 287.19 278.92 271.02 264.51 258.78 2 & 3 — 329.51 304.20 284.98 270.67 259.04 249.23 241.98 235.07 229.45 224.40 3, Best Std. 274.58 246.98 227.97 213.64 202.82 194.10 186.70 181.28 176.27 171.94 168.24 3 & 4 250.91 225.66 208.42 195.20 185.38 177.50 170.72 165.60 160.97 157.16 153.81 4, Good Std. 229.25 206.27 190.52 178.45 169.39 162.13 155.94 151.30 147.19 143.72 140.54 4 & 5 211.52 190.25 175.63 164.64 156.39 149.56 143.87 139.74 135.77 132.55 129.63 5 Avg. Std. 195.07 175.51 162.02 151.78 144.14 137.96 132.69 128.89 125.21 122.30 119.58 5 & 6 179.98 161.93 149.47 140.05 133.05 127.26 122.44 118.96 115.55 112.81 110.38 6, Min. Std. 166.11 149.34 137.90 129.20 122.76 117.48 113.00 109.68 106.58 104.03 101.77

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200

1, Luxury 329.99 323.76 319.38 314.82 306.86 299.19 295.01 289.30 286.17 281.77 278.87 1, & 2 290.08 284.71 280.71 276.70 269.63 263.03 259.28 254.43 251.70 247.63 244.93 2, Semi-Luxury 254.53 250.02 246.37 242.92 236.72 230.90 227.47 223.36 221.01 217.42 214.92 2 & 3 220.72 217.06 213.80 210.70 205.25 200.30 197.30 193.77 191.66 188.57 186.35 3, Best Std. 165.49 162.63 160.28 158.00 153.82 150.08 147.85 145.13 143.75 141.33 139.63 3 & 4 151.21 148.55 146.44 144.33 140.61 137.11 135.17 132.70 131.26 129.20 127.62 4, Good Std. 138.20 135.83 133.91 131.97 128.52 125.32 123.51 121.29 119.98 118.14 116.64 4 & 5 127.55 125.21 123.51 121.73 118.57 115.59 113.92 111.95 110.73 108.97 — 5 Avg. Std. 117.58 115.55 113.92 112.34 109.28 106.72 105.11 103.22 102.19 — — 5 & 6 108.54 106.58 105.11 103.62 100.89 98.37 96.95 95.26 — — — 6, Min. Std. 100.12 98.29 96.95 95.59 93.02 90.80 89.48 — — — —

Note: Add 4% to the square foot cost for floors above the second floor level.

Conventional Recreational Dwelling, Class 4 & 5 Conventional Recreational Dwelling, Class 3

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Conventional Recreational Dwellings

36 Residential Structures Section

8 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5, and 6) or Three Building Masses (Classes 1 and 2 only)

supporting walls, half story areas, construction on hillside lots, and construction in remote areas. See page 42.

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400

1, Luxury — — — — 414.89 395.25 380.85 370.05 359.56 351.76 343.60 1, & 2 — — — 381.93 364.62 347.63 334.76 325.36 316.09 309.27 302.09 2, Semi-Luxury — — 357.77 335.13 319.95 305.15 293.87 285.49 277.56 271.31 265.14 2 & 3 — 335.62 310.35 290.77 277.58 264.77 254.97 247.56 240.85 235.39 230.01 3, Best Std. 278.95 251.47 232.60 217.82 208.02 198.42 191.09 185.52 180.51 176.46 172.38 3 & 4 255.06 229.96 212.54 199.20 190.18 181.33 174.71 169.61 164.93 161.20 157.56 4, Good Std. 233.04 210.11 194.33 181.96 173.81 165.74 159.60 154.96 150.72 147.24 144.00 4 & 5 215.03 193.79 179.25 167.83 160.31 152.90 147.20 143.02 139.16 135.91 132.96 5 Avg. Std. 198.37 178.77 165.32 154.90 147.87 141.02 135.83 131.97 128.34 125.32 122.50 5 & 6 182.95 164.93 152.46 142.85 136.45 130.10 125.23 121.73 118.31 115.60 113.11 6, Min. Std. 168.74 152.14 140.66 131.79 125.80 119.98 115.59 112.34 109.21 106.72 104.38

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200

1, Luxury 338.42 331.93 327.01 323.71 314.82 308.07 302.82 298.02 294.54 289.69 286.98 1, & 2 297.43 291.89 287.57 284.57 276.74 270.59 266.27 261.97 260.83 254.64 252.32 2, Semi-Luxury 261.13 256.28 252.52 249.64 243.00 237.39 233.69 229.78 227.11 223.51 221.48 2 & 3 226.43 222.25 219.03 216.56 210.80 205.83 202.79 199.37 196.99 193.90 192.16 3, Best Std. 169.68 166.50 164.13 162.29 158.04 154.26 151.98 149.43 147.68 145.39 143.97 3 & 4 155.16 152.23 149.90 148.33 144.53 141.02 138.86 136.62 134.93 132.95 131.65 4, Good Std. 141.78 139.16 137.10 135.56 132.05 128.89 126.92 124.85 123.36 121.30 120.32 4 & 5 130.70 128.34 126.42 125.23 121.76 118.96 117.12 115.14 113.80 111.99 — 5 Avg. Std. 120.60 118.33 116.64 115.36 112.35 109.68 108.12 106.21 104.97 — — 5 & 6 111.21 109.23 107.72 106.31 103.65 101.11 99.67 97.96 — — — 6, Min. Std. 102.58 100.82 99.24 98.16 95.68 93.39 91.96 — — — —

Note: Add 4% to the square foot cost for floors above the second floor level.

Conventional Recreational Dwelling, Class 3 Conventional Recreational Dwelling, Class 1 & 2

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Conventional Recreational Dwellings

Residential Structures Section 37

10 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5, and 6) or Four Building Masses (Classes 1 and 2 only)

supporting walls, half story areas, construction on hillside lots, and construction in remote areas. See page 42.

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400

1, Luxury — — — — 422.04 404.23 389.96 378.73 368.94 360.59 352.59 1, & 2 — — — 389.76 370.90 355.47 342.79 332.95 324.24 317.51 309.95 2, Semi-Luxury — — 364.62 342.11 325.43 312.01 300.82 292.21 284.49 277.99 272.03 2 & 3 — 341.57 316.43 296.83 282.30 270.67 260.88 253.45 246.68 241.05 236.00 3, Best Std. 283.90 256.04 237.10 222.44 211.60 202.82 195.48 190.00 184.91 180.62 176.77 3 & 4 259.46 234.09 216.74 203.32 193.32 185.38 178.77 173.54 169.00 165.28 161.55 4, Good Std. 237.02 213.85 198.06 185.85 176.69 169.39 163.43 158.73 154.47 150.94 147.72 4 & 5 218.76 197.34 182.73 171.40 163.01 156.39 150.63 146.37 142.46 139.26 136.26 5 Avg. Std. 201.87 181.96 168.56 158.10 150.44 144.14 138.97 135.11 131.43 128.40 125.69 5 & 6 186.18 167.83 155.46 145.84 138.75 133.05 128.30 124.53 121.27 118.55 115.91 6, Min. Std. 171.79 154.90 143.47 134.56 127.98 122.76 118.25 115.01 111.95 109.28 107.02

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200

1, Luxury 347.70 341.35 335.95 331.41 324.00 316.06 311.88 306.08 302.88 296.39 294.77 1, & 2 305.74 300.06 295.38 291.43 284.84 277.74 274.20 269.24 266.43 260.64 259.37 2, Semi-Luxury 268.13 263.36 259.28 255.89 249.91 243.73 240.55 236.35 233.77 228.78 227.78 2 & 3 232.55 228.36 224.91 222.10 216.71 211.48 208.69 205.23 202.89 198.47 197.68 3, Best Std. 174.37 171.21 168.56 166.44 162.40 158.58 156.39 153.72 152.14 148.65 148.05 3 & 4 159.31 156.51 153.94 152.19 148.52 144.96 142.89 140.41 138.97 135.97 135.37 4, Good Std. 145.55 143.02 140.74 139.01 135.66 132.35 130.63 128.36 127.02 124.19 123.76 4 & 5 134.33 131.97 129.87 128.30 125.21 122.12 120.43 118.55 117.14 114.59 — 5 Avg. Std. 123.87 121.73 119.78 118.25 115.52 112.67 111.15 109.23 108.14 — — 5 & 6 114.32 112.34 110.49 109.20 106.51 103.89 102.57 100.88 — — — 6, Min. Std. 105.45 103.62 101.88 100.71 98.22 95.77 94.58 — — — —

Note: Add 4% to the square foot cost for floors above the second floor level.

Conventional Recreational Dwelling, Class 2 & 3 Conventional Recreational Dwelling, Class 1

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“A-Frame” Cabins

38 Residential Structures Section

Quality Classification

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Best Quality Good Quality Average Quality Low Quality

Framing Wood frame. Wood frame. Wood frame. Wood frame. (10% of total cost)

Floor Framing 4" x 8" girders 48" o.c. 4" x 8" girders 48" o.c. 4" x 6" girders 48" o.c. 4" x 6" girders 48" o.c. (5% of total cost) with 2" T&G subfloor, with 1-1/4" plywood or with 1-1/4" plywood or with 1-1/4" plywood or or 2" x 6" to 2" x 8" 2" T&G subfloor, or 2" T&G subfloor, or 2" T&G subfloor, or joists 16" o.c. with 1" 2" x 6" to 2" x 8" 2" x 6" joists 16" o.c. 2" x 6" joists 16" o.c. subfloor. joists 16" o.c. with 1" with 1" subfloor. with 1" subfloor. subfloor.

Roof Framing 4" x 8" at 48" o.c. 4" x 8" at 48" o.c. 4" x 8" at 48" o.c. 4" x 8" at 48" o.c. (8% of total cost) with 2" or 3" T&G with 2" or 3" T&G with 2" T&G with 1-1/4" plywood sheathing. sheathing. sheathing. or 2" T&G sheathing.

Gable End Finish Good plywood, lap Average to good Average plywood, Low cost plywood, (5% of total cost) board or board and plywood, or board or wood shingle or composition batt. boards. shingle. siding.

Windows Good quality large Average quality Average quality wood Small glass area of (2% of total cost) insulated wood or insulated wood or or metal windows. low cost windows. metal windows. metal windows.

Roofing Heavy wood shakes. Medium wood or Wood or composition Low cost composition (10% of total cost) aluminum shakes. shingles. shingles.

Flooring Good carpet or hardwood Average to good qua- Average quality carpet Composition (5% of total cost) with sheet lity carpet with good with resilient tile in tile. vinyl in kitchen and tile or sheet vinyl in kitchen and baths. baths. kitchen and baths.

Interior Finish Good quality hard- Good textured gypsum Textured gypsum Low cost paneling or (25% of total cost including wood veneer wallboard, good plywood wallboard or plywood wallboard. finish carpentry, wiring, paneling. or knotty pine paneling. paneling. lighting, fireplace, etc.)

Bathrooms Two 3-fixture baths Two 3-fixture Two 3-fixture One 3-fixture (5% of total cost) and one 2-fixture baths, good fixtures. baths, average fixtures. bath. bath, good fixtures.

Kitchen 15' to 18' good 12' to 16' of hard- 8' to 12' of average 6' to 8' of minimum (5% of total cost) quality hardwood wood veneer base quality veneer or base cabinets veneer base cabinet cabinet with match- painted base cabinets with matching wall with matching ing wall cabinets. with matching cabinets. 6' to wall cabinets. 15' 12' to 16' of plastic wall cabinets. 8' to 8' of minimum to 18' of good quality or ceramic tile 12' of plastic plastic drainboard. plastic or ceramic drainboard. drainboard. tile drain board.

Plumbing Nine good quality Seven good quality Seven average quality Four low cost fixtures (15% of total cost) fixtures and one fixtures and one fixtures and one and one water heater. larger or two 30 water heater. water heater. Plastic supply pipe. gallon water heaters. Copper supply piping.

Special Features Built-in oven, range, Built-in range, oven Drop-in range and Minimum electric (5% of total cost) dishwasher, disposer, and range hood, hood, some insulation, fixtures. range hood with good some insulation, low cost electric insulation, good 8' sliding glass door, fixtures. lighting fixtures, average electric insulated sliding fixtures. glass door and ornate entry door.

Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification.

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“A-Frame” Cabins

Residential Structures Section 39

4 Corners

Estimating Procedure 1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 38. 2. Multiply the structure floor area by the appropriate cost listed below. 3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8. 4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of a deck or porch, paving, fireplace, garage or carport, heating, extra plumbing fixtures,

supporting walls, half story areas, construction on hillside lots, and construction in remote areas. See page 42.

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400

1, Best 220.56 199.02 184.05 173.06 164.47 157.66 152.04 147.36 143.38 139.87 136.87 1 & 2 202.67 182.88 169.11 158.97 151.14 144.73 139.71 135.39 131.69 128.56 125.77 2, Good 185.96 167.78 155.24 145.87 138.74 132.92 128.23 124.21 120.90 117.97 115.41 2 & 3 175.54 158.40 146.52 137.72 130.93 125.49 120.99 117.32 114.10 111.36 108.94 3, Average 166.31 150.06 138.79 130.44 123.99 118.85 114.59 111.08 108.12 105.47 103.21 3 & 4 150.94 136.20 125.91 118.40 112.56 107.90 104.07 100.84 98.09 95.71 93.70 4, Low 135.39 122.19 113.02 106.27 101.02 96.79 93.36 90.50 87.98 85.88 84.02

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200

1, Best 132.02 129.89 127.96 126.17 123.13 120.59 118.45 116.57 114.95 113.47 112.22 1 & 2 121.82 119.87 118.01 116.43 113.64 111.27 109.32 107.58 106.11 104.76 103.61 2, Good 112.42 110.54 108.89 107.39 104.85 102.69 100.85 99.25 97.83 96.61 95.58 2 & 3 106.70 104.93 103.38 101.99 99.50 97.51 95.70 94.22 92.89 91.76 90.69 3, Average 101.35 99.68 98.17 96.93 94.57 92.60 90.92 89.50 88.28 87.16 86.17 3 & 4 93.25 91.73 90.34 89.15 87.00 85.20 83.68 82.36 81.22 80.20 79.29 4, Low 83.42 81.78 80.95 79.81 78.79 77.17 75.77 74.55 73.53 72.62 71.80

“A-Frame” Cabin, Class 3 & 4

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“A-Frame” Cabins

40 Residential Structures Section

6 Corners

supporting walls, half story areas, construction on hillside lots, and construction in remote areas. See page 42.

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400

1, Best 224.12 202.24 187.21 176.11 167.58 160.83 155.26 150.61 146.72 143.25 140.31 1 & 2 205.52 185.51 171.71 161.54 153.75 147.52 142.39 138.12 134.53 131.40 128.56 2, Good 188.81 170.39 157.75 148.36 141.16 135.45 130.81 126.87 123.57 120.71 118.24 2 & 3 178.31 160.86 148.90 140.07 133.34 127.96 123.50 119.79 116.62 114.00 111.62 3, Average 168.06 151.65 140.35 132.05 125.61 120.54 116.40 112.93 109.99 107.38 105.20 3 & 4 153.33 138.40 128.11 120.51 114.67 110.03 106.22 103.10 100.35 98.03 96.02 4, Low 137.27 123.87 114.64 107.90 102.69 98.52 95.09 92.26 89.82 87.73 85.91

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200

1, Best 135.70 133.46 131.46 129.70 126.63 124.06 121.82 119.94 118.29 116.77 115.50 1 & 2 124.97 122.89 121.11 119.43 116.61 114.24 112.23 110.45 108.90 107.58 106.37 2, Good 115.30 113.38 111.73 110.23 107.61 105.42 103.56 101.94 100.53 99.28 98.15 2 & 3 109.41 107.61 106.03 104.58 102.13 100.03 98.22 96.74 95.42 94.18 93.18 3, Average 104.23 102.56 101.07 99.67 97.31 95.34 93.70 92.18 90.89 89.79 88.74 3 & 4 95.70 94.18 92.76 91.52 89.34 87.53 86.01 84.66 83.45 82.40 81.51 4, Low 85.18 83.92 82.79 80.80 79.15 77.79 76.51 75.51 74.53 73.70 72.58

“A-Frame” Cabin, Class 2 & 3

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“A-Frame” Cabins

Residential Structures Section 41

8 Corners

supporting walls, half story areas, construction on hillside lots, and construction in remote areas. See page 42.

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400

1, Best 227.80 205.99 190.96 179.86 171.34 164.44 158.84 154.11 150.12 146.72 143.65 1 & 2 208.87 188.97 175.17 164.97 157.09 150.80 145.68 141.37 137.68 134.53 131.75 2, Good 191.51 173.19 160.61 151.21 144.06 138.29 133.52 129.59 126.25 123.36 120.77 2 & 3 180.74 163.48 151.57 142.74 135.94 130.47 126.04 122.31 119.14 116.40 114.01 3, Average 170.95 154.65 143.30 134.97 128.59 123.44 119.18 115.73 112.66 110.07 107.86 3 & 4 155.33 140.55 130.23 122.63 116.81 112.12 108.32 105.14 102.38 100.07 97.99 4, Low 139.26 125.92 116.72 109.94 104.73 100.51 97.10 94.22 91.78 89.67 87.84

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200

1, Best 139.14 136.90 134.91 133.14 130.03 127.44 125.21 123.37 121.69 120.27 119.03 1 & 2 125.81 123.77 121.96 120.33 117.51 115.19 113.20 111.52 109.99 108.73 107.50 2, Good 118.22 116.25 114.56 113.08 110.43 108.22 106.37 104.76 103.35 102.13 101.05 2 & 3 111.94 110.07 108.49 107.06 104.57 102.45 100.77 99.20 97.83 96.72 95.66 3, Average 106.62 104.87 103.33 101.94 99.58 97.64 95.99 94.54 93.25 92.09 91.11 3 & 4 97.79 96.19 94.74 93.53 91.35 89.53 88.02 86.69 85.54 84.53 83.61 4, Low 87.16 85.88 84.77 82.77 81.12 79.70 78.50 77.46 76.51 75.76 74.58

“A-Frame” Cabin, Class 2

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Cabins and Recreational Dwellings

42 Residential Structures Section

Additional Costs

Half-Story Costs For conventional recreational dwellings, use the suggested fractions found on page 30 in the section “Additional Costs for Residential Structures.” For “A-Frame” cabins, use one of the following costs: A simple platform with low cost floor cover, minimum partitions, and minimum lighting costs $65 to $95 per square foot. Average quality half story area with average quality carpet, average number of partitions finished with gypsum wallboard or plywood veneer and average lighting costs $95 to $105 per square foot. A good quality half story area with good carpet, decorative rustic partitions, ceiling beams and good lighting costs $125 to $145 per square foot.

Decks and Porches, per square foot 2" wood deck with steps and railing (300 S.F. base) 1' to 4' above ground $23.37 to $27.28 Over 4' to 6' above ground 27.07 to 35.00 Over 6' to 9' above ground 28.31 to 37.06 Over 9' to 12' above ground 29.34 to 38.81 Over 12' above ground 30.88 to 40.14

Fireplaces, 2-story, including foundation

Metal hood with concrete slab $2,734 to $3,386 Prefabricated, zero clearance 3,920 to 5,884 Simple concrete block 4,790 to 7,973 Concrete block with stone facing 6,320 to 9,610 Simple natural stone 10,905 to 15,820

Extra Plumbing, cost each

Lavatory $1,680 to $2,465 Water closet or bidet 2,050 to 2,516 Tub and shower 2,160 to 2,880 Stall shower 1,612 to 2,350 Laundry or utility sink 1,175 to 1,390

Heating, cost each

Wall furnace, 35,000 Btu $1,330 Wall furnace, 65,000 Btu 1,630 Baseboard hot water, per SF* 5.20 Central heating, perimeter ducts, per S.F.* 7.28 *Cost is per SF of floor area heated.

Garages, Carports and Basements

For garage, carport and basement costs for conventional recreational dwellings, see pages 27 and 29.

Flatwork, per square foot Asphalt paving $4.53 to $6.80 4" concrete 4.65 to 7.00 6" concrete 4.94 to 7.20

Reinforced concrete walls, per C.F.

Formed one side only $18.70 to $21.65 Formed both sides 23.98 to 27.10

Supporting Wall Costs

Cabins and recreational dwellings built on sloping lots cost more than if they are built on level lots. The cost of supporting walls of a building that do not enclose any living area should be estimated by using the figures below. These costs include everything above a normal foundation (12" to 18" above ground) up to the bottom of the next floor structure where square foot costs can be applied. In addition to the cost of supporting walls, add the cost of any extra structural members and the higher cost of building on a slope. A good rule of thumb for this is to add $870 for each foot of vertical distance between the highest and the lowest points of intersection of foundation and ground level.

Wood posts, per foot of height

4" x 4" $2.30 to $3.65 4" x 6" 3.65 to 6.25 6" x 6" 4.71 to 8.89 8" x 8" 10.64 to 16.54 10" x 10" 19.70 to 28.23 12" x 12" 29.62 to 41.20

Brick, per square foot of wall

8" common brick $36.96 to $45.20 12" common brick 56.79 to 70.54 8" common brick, 1 side face brick 46.89 to 57.84 12" common brick, 1 side face brick 73.34 to 91.42

Reinforced concrete block, per square foot of wall

8" natural $8.94 to $10.80 8" colored 12.31 to 14.45 8" detailed blocks, natural 10.18 to 13.35 8" detailed blocks, colored 13.86 to 15.68 8" sandblasted 10.80 to 12.65 8" splitface, natural 9.21 to 10.86 8" splitface, colored 14.44 to 16.30 8" slump block, natural 9.89 to 12.31 8" slump block, colored 13.72 to 15.88 12" natural 17.45 to 19.51

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Life in Years and Depreciation for Residences

Residential Structures Section 43

Quality Class 1 2 3 4 5 6

Single family residences 70 70 70 60 60 55 Manufactured housing 45 40 40 30 30 Multi-family residences 60 60 55 55 50 Motels 60 55 55 50 Conventional recreational dwellings 70 60 60 55 55 50 A-frame cabins 60 55 55 50

This table shows typical physical lives in years in the absence of unusual physical, functional or economic obsolescence. Raise half classes to the next higher whole class.

To Find the Present Value of an Existing Residence Present value is the replacement cost less depreciation (inverse of the “% Good” column below). Multiply the appropriate figure in the “% good” column by the current replacement cost developed using this manual to find the present value. For newer residences, the chronological age (“Age” column) is usually the best indicator of percent good. The present value of older residences may be influenced more by physical, functional or economic obsolescence than by age. When physical, functional or economic conditions limit or extend the remaining useful life of a residence, estimate that life in years and use the “Rem. Life” column (rather than the “Age” column) to find the percent good.

20 Years 25 Years 30 Years 40 Years 45 Years 50 Years 55 Years 60 Years 70 Years Rem. % Rem. % Rem. % Rem. % Rem. % Rem. % Rem. % Rem. % Rem. % Age Life Good Life Good Life Good Life Good Age Life Good Life Good Life Good Life Good Life Good

0 20 100 25 100 30 100 40 100 0 45 100 50 100 55 100 60 100 70 100 1 19 94 24 95 29 96 39 98 2 43 97 48 97 53 98 58 98 68 99 2 18 88 23 90 28 93 38 96 4 41 93 46 94 51 96 56 96 66 98 3 17 81 22 86 27 89 37 94 6 39 89 44 91 49 94 54 94 64 97 4 16 75 21 81 26 86 36 92 8 37 85 42 88 47 91 52 92 62 96 5 15 69 20 77 25 82 35 90 10 35 81 39 85 45 88 50 90 60 95 6 14 63 19 72 24 79 34 87 12 33 77 38 82 43 85 48 88 58 93 7 13 59 18 68 23 75 33 84 14 32 73 36 78 41 82 46 86 56 92 8 12 57 17 63 22 71 32 82 16 30 69 35 74 40 79 45 83 54 90 9 11 55 16 60 21 67 31 80 18 28 65 33 70 38 76 43 80 52 89 10 11 53 16 58 20 64 30 77 20 26 60 31 67 36 73 41 77 50 87 11 10 50 15 56 19 60 29 74 22 24 58 29 63 34 69 39 74 48 86 12 9 48 14 54 19 59 28 72 24 23 56 28 60 32 65 37 71 46 84 13 8 46 13 53 18 57 27 70 26 22 54 26 58 31 62 35 68 44 82 14 7 44 12 51 17 56 27 67 28 20 52 24 56 29 60 34 65 42 80 15 7 42 11 49 16 54 26 65 30 18 50 23 54 27 58 32 63 40 78 16 6 40 11 48 15 53 25 62 32 17 48 21 53 26 56 30 60 38 76 17 5 38 10 46 14 52 24 60 34 15 47 20 51 24 55 29 58 36 73 18 5 36 9 44 13 50 23 59 36 14 45 18 49 23 53 27 57 34 71 19 4 33 8 43 13 49 22 58 38 12 43 17 47 21 51 26 55 32 68 20 4 31 7 41 12 47 21 58 40 11 41 16 45 20 50 24 54 30 65 21 3 29 7 39 11 46 21 55 42 10 39 14 44 19 48 23 52 28 62 22 3 27 6 37 11 44 20 54 44 9 37 13 42 17 46 21 51 26 59 23 3 25 6 35 10 43 19 53 46 8 35 12 40 16 45 20 49 25 56 24 3 23 5 34 9 42 18 52 48 7 33 11 38 15 43 19 47 23 54 25 2 21 5 32 9 40 17 51 50 6 31 10 37 14 41 18 46 21 49 26 2 19 4 30 8 39 17 50 52 5 29 9 35 12 40 16 44 19 45 27 2 16 4 29 7 37 16 49 54 5 28 8 33 11 38 15 43 18 44 28 2 14 4 27 7 36 15 48 56 4 26 7 31 10 36 14 41 16 42 29 2 12 3 25 6 34 14 47 58 4 24 6 30 9 35 13 40 15 38 30 1 10 3 24 6 33 14 46 60 3 22 5 28 8 33 12 38 14 36 31 – – 3 22 5 31 13 45 62 3 20 4 26 7 31 11 37 12 31 32 – – 3 20 5 30 12 44 64 3 17 4 24 6 30 10 35 11 30 33 – – 2 18 5 29 12 43 66 2 16 3 22 5 28 9 33 10 27 34 – – 2 17 4 27 11 42 68 2 14 3 21 5 27 8 32 9 25 35 – – 2 15 4 26 11 41 70 2 12 3 19 4 25 7 30 9 24 36 – – 2 13 4 24 10 40 72 1 10 2 17 4 23 6 29 8 21 38 – – 1 10 3 21 9 38 74 – – 2 15 4 21 5 27 7 20 40 – – – – 2 19 7 35 76 – – 2 14 3 20 5 26 7 19 42 – – – – 2 16 6 33 80 – – 1 10 2 17 4 23 7 18 46 – – – – 1 10 5 29 82 – – – – 2 15 3 20 6 17 50 – – – – – – 4 25 84 – – – – 1 10 2 17 5 16 55 – – – – – – 3 20 96 – – – – – – 1 10 3 14 60 – – – – – – 2 14 98 – – – – – – – – 2 12 64 – – – – – – 1 10 100 – – – – – – – – 1 10

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A Adjustment factors, live load . . . . .229 Adjustments, wall heights . . . . . . . . .5 Adjustments for area . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Administrative office (military) . . . .272 A-frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 A-frame cabins . . . . . . . . . . . . .38-41

4 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 6 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 8 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

A-frame restaurants . . . . . . . .183-184 Age factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Agricultural structures . . . . . .249-269 Air and water service . . . . . . . . . . .205 Air compressors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206 Air conditioning . . . . . . . . .18, 28, 266 Aircraft avionics shop (military) . . .272 Aircraft machine shop (military) . . .272 Aircraft operations (military) . . . . .272 Ambulatory clinic (military) . . . . . .272 Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Applied instruction building (military) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Area modification factors . . . . . .6, 7-8 Area of buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Auto service centers . . . . . . . .218-221 Automatic teller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Average Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

B Balconies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Banks and savings offices . . .115-125 Barns . . . . . . . . . . .250-252, 256-260

dairy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257-260 feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252 general purpose . . . . . . . . . . . .250 hay storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251 herringbone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260 low cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257 pole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256 stanchion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258 walk-through . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259

Barracks, dormitory (military) . . . .272 Baseboard units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Basement garages . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Basements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 Basements, residential . . . . . . . . . .27 Bathrooms, multi-family residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Block, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Bowling alley (on military base) . . .272 Boxes, walk-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242 Brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Buffet hutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Building classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Building quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Building shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Built-ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Bulkheads . . . . . . . . . . .242, 244, 245 Bumpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247

C Cabins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32, 38-42 Cages, poultry . . . . . . .262, 263, 264,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265, 266 Canopies . . . . . . . . . . . .204, 232, 237 Canopy lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 Carports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 29, 42 Cash boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 Catch basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 Ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245

Central air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 28 Chain link fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 Chapel center (on military base) . .272 Child development center (on military base) . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Churches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172-173 City hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56, 59 Classes, quality . . . . . .11, 16, 19, 23, 33, 38, 44, 47, 50, 53, 56, 59, 76, 82, 89, 94, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 120, 126, 129, 132, 135, 143, 151, 159, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 178, 181, 183, 185, 191, 195-196, 198, 200, 202, 208, 213, 218, 223, 227, 244, 250-255, 257-260, 262-265, 267, 268

Classrooms, temporary . . . . . . . . . .55 Coffee shop restaurants . . . . .178-180 Commercial structures . . . . . . .74-248 Commissary (military) . . . . . . . . . .272 Compressors, refrigeration . . . . . .261 Concrete block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Concrete decks, uncovered . . . . . . .27 Concrete paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247 Concrete walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Convalescent hospitals . . . . .167-169 Conventional recreational dwellings

4 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 6 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 8 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

10 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Conventional restaurants . . . .181-182 Coolers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Coolers, evaporative . . . . . . . . . . .266 Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Cooling pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266 Corral, holding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Cost tables, explanation . . . . . . . . . . .4 Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Covered porches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Curbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206 Curbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247 Current dollar costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

D Dairy barns . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257-260 Dampers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234 Deck roofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Decks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Decks and porches . . . . . . .18, 27, 42 Dental clinic (on military base) . . .272 Department stores . . . . . . . . .126-134 Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6, 43 Dining facility (on military base) . .272 Discount houses . . . . . . . . . .111-114 Dishwasher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Dispensers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204 Display fronts . . . . . . . . . . . .242- 245 Display platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 Display signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246 Dock levelers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 Docks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 Domes, skylights . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240 Door hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233 Doors

exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 hollow metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232 interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 roll-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 sidewall, sliding . . . . . . . . . . . .232

walk-thru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232 warehouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238

Downspouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233 Drainage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 Draperies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 Dumbwaiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238

E Ecclesiastic buildings . . . . . .173-174 Economic obsolescence . . . . . . . . . .6 Education center (on military base) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Effective age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Electric heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 Elementary school (military dependents) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Elementary schools . . . . . . . . . .44-49 Elevators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30, 238 Entrances . . . . . . .136-141, 144-149,

. . . . . . . . . .152-157, 160-165, 245 Equipment room . . . . . . . . . .258, 259 Equipment shed . . . . . . . . . .254, 260 Escalators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 Evaporative cooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Explanation of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 External access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 External offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227 Extinguishers, fire . . . . . . . . . . . . .239

F Factory buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226 Family housing (on military base) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Family service center (military) . . .272 Fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266 Feed barns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252 Feed tanks, bulk . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 Feeders, automatic . . . . . . . . . . . .266 Fence

cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 chain link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 metal rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248

Fencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206 Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 Finishes, wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 Fire and rescue station (on military base) . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Fire escapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 Fire extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 Fire sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 Fire stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

on military base . . . . . . . . . . . . .272 Fireplaces . . . . . . . . . .18, 29, 42, 239 Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Flatwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42, 261 Floor furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Foggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266 Foundations, permanent, for manufactured housing . . . . . . . . . .18

Framed openings . . . . . . . . . . . . .233 Functional obsolescence . . . . . . . . . .6 Funeral homes . . . . . . . . . . . .171-172 Furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

G Garages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29, 31, 42

basement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 ground level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 separate structure . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Garbage disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Gasoline storage tanks . . . . . . . . . .205 Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247-261 General office buildings . . . . .135-150 General purpose barns . . . . . . . . . .250 Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 Government offices . . . . . . . . . .56-61 Greenhouses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 Gutters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233

H Half classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Half-baths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Half-story costs . . . . . . . . . . . . .30, 42 Hangars (military) . . . . . . . . . . . . .272 Hay shelters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Hay storage barns . . . . . . . . . . . . .251 Heat and smoke vents . . . . . . . . . .241 Heaters

baseboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28, 239 suspended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239

Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42, 266 Heating and cooling . . . . . . . .28, 239 Herringbone barns . . . . . . . . . . . . .260 High school (military dependents) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Historical index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Holding corral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Holding tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Hospitals, convalescent . . . . .167-170 How to use this book . . . . . . . . . . .4-6

I Index, historical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Industrial buildings . . . . . . . . . . . .223

light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225 Industrial structures . . . . . . . .222-248 Installation maintenance shop (military) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233 Intercom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 Internal offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227 Island lighters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 Island office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204

J Jr. high/middle school (military dependents) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

K Kitchen equipment . . . . . . . . . . . .240

L Laundry sinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Libraries, public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Library (on military base) . . . . . . . .272 Lifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 Light industrial buildings . . . . . . . .225 Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245, 248 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Livestock scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 Loading ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 Loafing sheds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Local modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-8 Location adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Lube room equipment . . . . . . . . . .205

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M Machinery and equipment sheds . .254 Main Exchange (military) . . . . . . . .272 Manholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 Manufactured housing . . . . . . . .16-18

additional costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Material handling . . . . . . . . . . . . .242 Medical clinic (on military base) . .272 Medical facility (on military base) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Medical-dental buildings . . . .151-159 Mezzanines . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125, 240 Microwave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Migrant worker housing . . . . . . . . .268 Military construction costs . . . . . . .270 Milk house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257 Milk line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Milking barn . . . . . . . . . . . . .258-260 Mobile home parks . . . . . . . .195-197 Mobile homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-18 Mortuaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171-172 Motels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23-26 Multi-family residences . . . . . . .20-22 Multi-unit buildings . . . . . . . . . .92-93

N Night deposit vault . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Normal Percent Good . . . . . . . . . .235

O Obsolescence

economic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 functional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Offices, external and internal . . . . .227 Offices, government . . . . . . . . . .56-61 Openings, framed . . . . . . . . . . . . .233 Operations building (military) . . . .272 Overhangs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233 Overhead heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239

P PA systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 Parachute and dinghy shop (military) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240 interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234

Paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206 asphaltic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247 concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247

Percent Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Percent Good table . . . . . . . . . . . .235 Physical fitness training center (military) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Physical lives . . . . . . . . .43, 235, 269 Physical obsolescence . . . . . . . . . . .6 Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 Plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Pneumatic tube systems . . . . . . . .240 Pole barns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256 Porch roofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 27 Porches, covered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Porches and decks . . . . . . . . . .18, 42 Post mounting . . . . . . . . . . . .207, 246 Posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Poultry houses . . . . . . . . . . . .262-266

controlled environment . . . . . . .263 conventional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262

deep pit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265 equipment costs . . . . . . . . . . . .266 high rise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264

Prefabricated classrooms . . . . . . . .55 Present Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Pressure tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 Public address systems . . . . . . . . .237 Public buildings

elementary schools . . . . . . . .44-47 libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 secondary schools . . . . . . . . .50-55

Pullmans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204

Q Quality classes, explanation . . . . . . . .4 Quality classifications

A-frame cabins . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 A-frame restaurants . . . . . . . . . .183 auto service centers . . . . . . . . .218 banks and savings offices .115, 120 coffee shop restaurants . . . . . . .178 convalescent hospitals . . .167, 169 conventional recreational dwellings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

conventional restaurants . . . . . .181 department stores . . .126, 129, 132 discount houses . . . . . . . .111, 113 display fronts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244 ecclesiastic buildings . . . . . . . .173 feed barns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252 funeral homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171 general office buildings . . .135, 143 general purpose barns . . . . . . . .250 government offices . . . . . . . .56, 59 greenhouses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 hay storage barns . . . . . . . . . . .251 industrial buildings . . . . . . . . . .223 internal offices . . . . . . . . . . . . .227 machinery and equipment sheds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254

manufactured housing . . . . . . . . .16 medical-dental buildings . .151, 159 migrant worker housing . . . . . . .268 mobile home parks . . . . . . . . . .195 modern herringbone barns . . . .260 motels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 multi-family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 poultry houses . . . . . . . . . . . . .262 schools, elementary . . . . .44-45, 47 schools, secondary . . . . . . . .50-53 self service restaurants . . . . . . .175 service garages . . . . . . . . .208, 213 service stations . . . . .198, 200, 202 shop buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . .253 single family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 small food stores . . . . . . . .107, 109 small sheds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255 suburban stores . . . . . . . . . . .89, 94 supermarkets . . . . . . . . . .103, 105 theaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185, 191 urban stores . . . . . . . . . . . . .76, 82

Quality specifications . . . . . . . . . . . .4

R Rails and steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Ramp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Receiver systems, satellite . . . . . . .245 Record storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Recreation center (military) . . . . . .272 Recreational dwellings . . . . . . . .32-42 Regional medical center (military) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Remaining Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Reserve Center (military) . . . . . . . .272 Residences

multi-family . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19-22 single family . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-15

Residential structures section . . .10-43 Restaurants

A-frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183-184 coffee shop . . . . . . . . . . . .178-180 conventional . . . . . . . . . . .181-182 self service . . . . . . . . . . . .175-177

Room coolers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Rotators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206, 247

S Safe deposit boxes . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Satellite communications center (military) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Satellite receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 Scales

livestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269

Schools, elementary . . . . . . . . .44-47 Schools, secondary . . . . . . . . . .50-55 Screen walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Seating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240 Secondary schools . . . . . . . . . . .50-55 Security systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 Self service restaurants . . . . .175-178 Septic tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 Service club (military) . . . . . . . . . .272 Service garages . . . . . . . . . . .208-213 Service station signs . . . . . . . . . . .206 Service stations . . . . . . . . . . .198-207

additional costs . . . . . . . . .204-207 Sheds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254-255 Shop buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253 Shopping centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 Showers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Sidewall doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232 Signs, lighted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246 Single family residences . . . . . .10-15

4 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 6 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 8 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

10 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Sinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Site improvement . . . . . . . . . . . . .206 Skirting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Skylights . . . . . . . . . . . .234, 240, 241 Sliding windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234 Small food stores . . . . . . . . . .107-110 Small sheds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255 Snowload capability . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Sound systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 Sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261

fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266

Stairways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Stanchion barns . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258 Stanchions, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Station hospital (military) . . . . . . .272 Steel buildings . . . . . . . . . . . .228-234 Steel stanchions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Steps and rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Storage buildings . . . . . . . . . .18, 204 Storage facility (military) . . . . . . . .272 Storage tanks, gasoline . . . . . . . . .205 Stores

suburban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88-102 urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-87

Striping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247

Suburban stores . . . . . . . . . . . .88-102 Suite entrances

exterior . . . . . . .136-138, 144-146, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152-154, 160-162 interior . . . . . . .139-141, 147-149, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155-157, 163-165

Sump pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Supermarkets . . . . . . . . . . . . .103-106

T Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Tanks, pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 Temporary classrooms . . . . . . . . . .55 Temporary lodging facility (military) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Theaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185-191 Tie downs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Toilets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Trailer parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195-197 Trash compactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Truck scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 Turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204

U Unaccompanied officers quarters (military) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Urban stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-87

V Vault doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Vehicle hoist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206 Vehicle maint. shop (military) . . . .272 Ventilators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234, 241 Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234, 241

W Walk-in boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242 Walk-through barns . . . . . . . . . . . .259 Walk-thru doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232 Wall finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 Wall furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Wall heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Wall heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Walls, bulkhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 Warehouses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224 Wash area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Water systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 Water tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Wet bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Whirlpool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Window frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 Windows

aluminum industrial . . . . . . . . .234 aluminum sliding . . . . . . . . . . .234 steel sliding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234

Wood decks, uncovered . . . . . . . . .27 Wood fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 Wood posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Y Yard improvements . . . . . . . .247-248 Yard lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 Youth center (military dependents) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

274

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PP rr acac tictic al Refal Ref erer encenc es fes f or Buildersor Builders National Construction Estimator

Current building costs for residential, comer- cial, and industrial construction. Estimated prices for every common building material. Provides manhours, recommended crew, and gives the labor cost for installation. Includes a free download of an electronic version of the book with National Estimator, a stand-alone Windows™ estimating program. An interac- tive multimedia video that shows how to use

the software to compile construction cost estimates is free at www.costbook.com. 672 pages, 8½ x 11, $87.50. Revised annually

eBook (PDF) also available, $43.75 at www.craftsman-book.com

Getting Financing & Developing Land

Developing land is a major leap for most builders — yet that’s where the big money is made. This book gives you the practical knowl- edge you need to make that leap. Learn how to prepare a market study, select a building site, obtain financing, guide your plans through approval, and then control your building costs so you can ensure yourself a good profit. Includes a CD-ROM with forms, checklists, and a sample business plan you can customize and use to help you sell your idea to lenders and investors. 232 pages, 8½ x 11, $39.00

eBook (PDF) also available; $19.50 at www.craftsman-book.com

Construction Forms for Contractors

This practical guide contains 78 useful forms, letters and checklists, guaranteed to help you streamline your office, organize your jobsites, gather and manage records and documents, keep a handle on your subs, reduce estimating errors, administer change orders and lien issues, monitor crew productivity, track your equip- ment use, and more. Includes accounting forms, change order forms, forms for customers, esti-

mating forms, field work forms, HR forms, lien forms, office forms, bids and proposals, subcontracts, and more. All are also on the CD- ROM included, in Excel spreadsheets, as formatted Rich Text that you can fill out on your computer, and as PDFs. 360 pages, 8½ x 11, $48.50

eBook (PDF) also available; $24.25 at www.craftsman-book.com

Contractor’s Guide to Change Orders

This book gives you the ammunition you need to keep contract disputes from robbing you of your profit. You’ll learn how to iden- tify trouble spots in your contract, plans, specifications and site; negotiate and resolve change order disputes, and collect facts for evidence to support your claims. You’ll also find detailed checklists to organize your procedures, field-tested sample forms and work- sheets ready for duplication, and various professional letters for almost any situation. 382 pages, 8½ x 11, $79.00

Drafting House Plans

Here you’ll find step-by-step instructions for drawing a complete set of house plans for a one-story house, an addition to an existing house, or a remodeling project. This book shows how to visualize spatial relationships, use architectural scales and symbols, sketch preliminary drawings, develop detailed floor plans and exterior elevations, and prepare a final plot plan. It even includes code- approved joist and rafter spans and how to make sure that draw- ings meet code requirements. 185 pages, 8½ x 11, $34.95

Residential Property Inspection Reports on CD-ROM

This CD-ROM contains 50 pages of property inspection forms in both Rich Text and PDF formats. You can easily customize each form with your logo and address, and use them for your home inspections. Use the CD-ROM to write your inspections with your word processor, print them, and save copies for your records. Includes inspection forms for grounds and exterior, foundations, garages and carports, roofs and attics, pools and spas, electrical, plumbing, and HVAC, living rooms, family rooms, dens, studies, kitchens, breakfast rooms, dining rooms, hallways, stairways, entries, laundry rooms. $79.95

Journeyman Electrician’s Preparation & Study Guide

This is not only a great study guide filled with sample electrician’s exam questions — it teaches you how to quickly turn to the code section that answers the questions. Most electrician’s exams give you about 2 minutes per question — not enough time to browse through 800 pages of fine print looking for each answer. This man- ual, based on the 2008 and 2011 NEC editions, explains how the Code is organized, so you understand where the information you need is located. Then it shows how to rearrange and tab your copy of the Code to streamline your search efforts. Next, you learn a step-by-step search procedure, in which you’re shown how to ana- lyze the question to determine its subject, know where to look in the index, find the exact article, then turn right to the Code section that answers your question. 96 pages, 8½ x 11, $34.00 $25.50 - 25% discount, Cosmetic Defect

eBook (PDF) also available; $17.00 at www.craftsman-book.com

Paper Contracting: The How-To of Construction Management Contracting

Risk, and the headaches that go with it, have always been a major part of any construction project — risk of loss, negative cash flow, construction claims, regulations, excessive changes, disputes, slow pay — sometimes you’ll make money, and often you won’t. But many contractors today are avoiding almost all of that risk by work- ing under a construction management contract, where they are sim- ply a paid consultant to the owner, running the job, but leaving him the risk. This manual is the how-to of construction management contracting. You’ll learn how the process works, how to get started as a CM contractor, what the job entails, how to deal with the issues that come up, when to step back, and how to get the job completed on time and on budget. Includes a link to free downloads of CM con- tracts legal in each state. 272 pages, 8½ x 11, $55.50

eBook (PDF) also available; $27.75 at www.craftsman-book.com

Construction Contract Writer

Relying on a “one-size-fits-all” boilerplate construction contract to fit your jobs can be dangerous — almost as dangerous as a handshake agreement. Construction Con- tract Writer lets you draft a contract in min- utes that precisely fits your needs and the particular job, and meets both state and federal requirements. You just answer a series of questions — like an interview — to con- struct a legal contract for each project you take on. Anticipate where disputes could arise and settle them in the contract before they happen. Include the warranty protection you intend, the pay- ment schedule, and create subcontracts from the prime contract by just clicking a box. Includes a feedback button to an attorney on the Craftsman staff to help should you get stumped — No extra charge. $149.95. Download Construction Contract Writer at http://www.constructioncontractwriter.com

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Insurance Restoration Contracting: Startup to Success

Insurance restoration — the repair of buildings damaged by water, fire, smoke, storms, vandalism and other disasters — is an exciting field of construction that provides lucrative work immune to eco- nomic downturns. And, with insurance companies funding the repairs, your payment is virtually guaranteed. But this type of work requires special knowledge and equipment, and that’s what you’ll learn about in this book. It covers fire repairs and smoke damage, water losses and specialized drying methods, mold remediation, con- tent restoration, even damage to mobile and manufactured homes. You’ll also find information on equipment needs, training classes, esti- mating books and software, and how restoration leads to lucrative remodeling jobs. It covers all you need to know to start and succeed as the restoration contractor that both homeowners and insurance companies call on first for the best jobs. 640 pages, 8½ x 11, $69.00

eBook (PDF) also available; $34.50 at www.craftsman-book.com

Markup & Profit: A Contractor’s Guide, Revisited

In order to succeed in a construction business, you have to be able to price your jobs to cover all labor, material and overhead expens- es, and make a decent profit. But calculating markup is only part of the picture. If you’re going to beat the odds and stay in business — profitably, you also need to know how to write good contracts, manage your crews, work with subcontractors and collect on your work. This book covers the business basics of running a construc- tion company, whether you’re a general or specialty contractor working in remodeling, new construction or commercial work. The principles outlined here apply to all construction-related busi- nesses. You’ll find tried and tested formulas to guarantee profits, with instructions and easy-to-follow examples to help you learn how to operate your business successfully. Includes a link to free downloads of blank forms and checklists used in this book. 336 pages, 8½ x 11, $47.50

Also available as an eBook (ePub, mobi for Kindle), $39.95 at www.craftsman-book.com

Estimating & Bidding for Builders & Remodelers

This 5th edition has all the information you need for estimating and bidding new construction and home improvement projects. It shows how to select jobs that will be profitable, do a labor and materials take-off from the plans, calculate overhead and figure your markup, and schedule the work. Includes a CD with an easy- to-use construction estimating program and a database of 50,000 current labor and material cost estimates for new construction and home improvement work, with area modifiers for every zip code. Price updates on the Web are free and automatic. 272 pages, 8½ x 11, $89.50

eBook (PDF) also available; $44.75 at www.craftsman-book.com

Estimating Home Building Costs, Revised

Estimate every phase of residential construction from site costs to the profit margin you include in your bid. Shows how to keep track of manhours and make accurate labor cost estimates for site clear- ing and excavation, footings, foundations, framing and sheathing finishes, electrical, plumbing, and more. Provides and explains sample cost estimate worksheets with complete instructions for each job phase. This practical guide to estimating home construc- tion costs has been updated with digital Excel estimating forms and worksheets that ensure accurate and complete estimates for your residential projects. Enter your project information on the worksheets and Excel automatically totals each material and labor cost from every stage of construction to a final cost estimate worksheet. Load the enclosed CD-ROM into your computer and create your own estimate as you follow along with the step-by- step techniques in this book. 336 pages, 8½ x 11, $38.00

eBook (PDF) also available; $19.00 at www.craftsman-book.com

Contractor’s Plain-English Legal Guide

For today’s contractors, legal problems are like snakes in the swamp — you might not see them, but you know they’re there. This book tells you where the snakes are hiding and directs you to the safe path. With the directions in this easy-to-read handbook you’re less likely to need a $250-an-hour lawyer. Includes simple directions for starting your business, writing contracts that cover just about any eventuality, collecting what’s owed you, filing liens, protecting yourself from unethical subcontractors, and more. For about the price of 15 minutes in a lawyer’s office, you’ll have a guide that will make many of those visits unnecessary. Includes a CD-ROM with blank copies of all the forms and contracts in the book. 272 pages, 8½ x 11, $49.50

Craftsman’s Construction Installation Encyclopedia

Step-by-step installation instructions for just about any residential construction, remodeling or repair task, arranged alphabetically, from Acoustic tile to Wood flooring. Includes hundreds of illustra- tions that show how to build, install, or remodel each part of the job, as well as manhour tables for each work item so you can esti- mate and bid with confidence. Also includes a CD-ROM with all the material in the book, handy look-up features, and the ability to capture and print out for your crew the instructions and diagrams for any job. 792 pages, 8½ x 11, $65.00

eBook (PDF) also available; $32.50 at www.craftsman-book.com

Estimating With Microsoft Excel, 3rd Ed.

Step-by-step instructions show you how to create your own cus- tomized automated spreadsheet estimating program for use with Excel 2007.You'll learn how to use the magic of Excel to create all the forms you need; detail sheets, cost breakdown summaries, and more. With Excel as your tool, you can easily estimate costs for all phases of the job, from pulling permits, to concrete, rebar, and roof- ing. You'll see how to create your own formulas and macros and apply them in your everyday projects. If you've wanted to use Excel, but were unsure of how to make use of all its features, let this new book show you how. Includes a CD-ROM that illustrates examples in the book and provides you with templates you can use to set up your own estimating system. 158 pages, 5½ x 9, $44.95

Construction Estimating Reference Data

Provides the 300 most useful manhour tables for practically every item of construction. Labor requirements are listed for sitework, concrete work, masonry, steel, carpentry, thermal and moisture protection, doors and windows, finishes, mechanical and electri- cal. Each section details the work being estimated and gives appropriate crew size and equipment needed. Includes a CD-ROM with an electronic version of the book with National Estimator, a stand-alone WindowsTM estimating program, plus an interactive multimedia video that shows how to use the disk to compile con- struction cost estimates. 384 pages, 11 x 8½, $59.00

eBook (PDF) also available, $29.50 at www.craftsman-book.com

Masonry & Concrete Construction Revised

Shows on-site preplanning and layout through the construction of footings, foundations, walls, fireplaces and chimneys. An added appendix on safety regulations, with a condensed OSHA reference. Improved bid-winning estimating techniques. The emphasis is on integrating new techniques and materials with tried-and-true methods. Includes information on cement and mortar types, mixes, coloring agents and additives, and suggestions on when, where and how to use them; calculating footing and foundation loads, with reference tables and formulas; forming materials and systems; pouring and reinforcing concrete slabs and flatwork; block and brick wall construction, with seismic requirements; crack control, masonry veneer construction, brick floors and pavements, design considerations and materials; cleaning, painting and repairing all types of masonry. 304 pages, 8½ x 11, $37.75

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CD Estimator

If your computer has WindowsTM and a CD-ROM drive, CD Estimator puts at your fingertips over 150,000 construction costs for new con- struction, remodeling, renovation & insurance repair, home improvement, framing & finish carpentry, electrical, concrete & masonry, painting, earthwork and heavy equipment, and plumbing & HVAC. Quarterly cost updates are available at no charge on the Internet. You’ll also have the National Estimator program — a stand- alone estimating program for WindowsTM that Remodeling maga- zine called a “computer wiz,”and Job Cost Wizard, a program that lets you export your estimates to QuickBooks Pro for actual job costing. A 60-minute interactive video teaches you how to use this CD-ROM to estimate construction costs. And to top it off, to help you create professional-looking estimates, the disk includes over 40 construc- tion estimating and bidding forms in a format that’s perfect for nearly any WindowsTM word processing or spreadsheet program. CD Estimator is $133.50

Standard Estimating Practice, 9th Edition

Estimating isn’t always an easy job. Sometimes snap decisions can produce negative long-term effects. This book was designed by the American Society of Professional Estimators as a set of stan- dards to guide professional estimators. It’s intended to help every estimator develop estimates that are uniform and verifiable. Every step that should be included in the estimate is listed, as well as aspects in the plans to consider when you’re estimating a job, and what you should look for that may not be included. The result should help you produce more consistently accurate estimates. 852 pages, 8½ x 11, $95.00

Construction Estimating

This extremely well-organized book shows the best and easiest way to estimate materials for room additions or residential struc- tures. It gives estimating tables and procedures needed to make a fast, accurate, and complete material list of the structural mem- bers found in wood- and steel-framed buildings. This book is divided into 72 units, each of them covering a separate element in the estimating procedure. Covers estimating foundations, floor framing, wall framing, ceiling framing, roof framing, roofing mate- rials, exterior and interior finish materials, hardware, steel joist floor framing, steel stud framing, and steel ceiling joist and rafter framing. 496 pages, 8½ x 11, $49.50

Construction Surveying & Layout

A practical guide to simplified construction surveying. How to divide land, use a transit and tape to find a known point, draw an accurate survey map from your field notes, use topograph- ic surveys, and the right way to level and set grade. You’ll learn how to make a survey for any residential or commercial lot, driveway, road, or bridge — including how to figure cuts and fills and calculate excavation quantities. Use this guide to make your own surveys, or just read and verify the accuracy of surveys made by others. 244 pages, 8½ x 11, $51.95

Residential Wiring to the 2011 NEC® eBook

This completely revised book explains how to install rough and finish wiring in new construc- tion, alterations, and additions. It takes you from basic electrical theory to advanced wiring methods, updated to comply with the 2011 National Electrical Code. You’ll find complete instructions on troubleshooting and repair of existing wiring, with hundreds of drawings and photos showing you how to plan and install

wiring to code. Includes demand factors, circuit loads, and the for- mulas you need. Every subject is referenced to the 2011 NEC®, with many of the most-needed NEC® tables reproduced to help you install wiring that passes inspection the first time. 304 pages.

Available only as an eBook (PDF); $24.00 at www.craftsman-book.com

Residential Wiring to the 2008 NEC

This completely revised manual explains in simple terms how to install rough and finish wiring in new construction, alterations, and additions. It takes you from basic electrical theory to current wiring methods that comply with the 2008 National Electrical Code. You’ll find complete instructions on troubleshooting and repairs of existing wiring, and how to extend service into additions and remodels. Hundreds of drawings and photos show you the tools and gauges you need, and how to plan and install the wiring. Includes demand factors, circuit loads, the formulas you need, and over 20 pages of the most-needed 2008 NEC tables to help your wiring pass inspection the first time. Includes a CD-ROM with an Interactive Study Center that helps you retain what you’ve learned, and study for the electrician’s exam. Also on the CD is the entire book in PDF format, with easy search features so you can quickly find answers to your residential wiring questions. 304 pages, 8½ x 11, $42.00

eBook (PDF) also available; $21.00 at www.craftsman-book.com

Building Contractor’s Exam Preparation Guide

Passing today’s contractor’s exams can be a major task. This book shows you how to study, how questions are likely to be worded, and the kinds of choices usually given for answers. Includes sam- ple questions from actual state, county, and city examinations, plus a sample exam to practice on. This book isn’t a substitute for the study material that your testing board recommends, but it will help prepare you for the types of questions — and their correct answers — that are likely to appear on the actual exam. Knowing how to answer these questions, as well as what to expect from the exam, can greatly increase your chances of passing. 320 pages, 8½ x 11, $35.00

Fences & Retaining Walls Revised eBook

Everything you need to know to run a profitable business in fence and retaining wall contracting. Takes you through layout and design, construc- tion techniques for wood, masonry, and chain link fences, gates and entries, including finishing and electrical details. How to build retaining and rock walls. How to get your business off to the right start, keep the books, and estimate accu- rately. The book even includes a chapter on con- tractor’s math. 417 pages.

Available only as an eBook (PDF, EPUB & MOBI/Kindle); $23.00 at www.craftsman-book.com

2011 National Electrical Code

This new electrical code incorporates sweeping improvements to make the code more functional and user-friendly. Here you’ll find the essential foundation for electrical code requirements for the 21st century. With hundreds of significant and widespread changes, this 2011 NEC contains all the latest electrical technolo- gies, recently-developed techniques, and enhanced safety stan- dards for electrical work. This is the standard all electricians are required to know, even if it hasn’t yet been adopted by their local or state jurisdictions. 880 pages, 8½ x 11, $85.00 Also available: 2008 National Electrical Code, $75.00

Builder’s Guide to Accounting Revised

Step-by-step, easy-to-follow guidelines for setting up and main- taining records for your building business. This practical guide to all accounting methods shows how to meet state and federal accounting requirements, explains the new depreciation rules, and describes how the Tax Reform Act can affect the way you keep records. Full of charts, diagrams, simple directions and examples to help you keep track of where your money is going. Recommended reading for many state contractor’s exams. Each chapter ends with a set of test questions, and a CD-ROM included FREE has all the questions in interactive self-test software. Use the Study Mode to make studying for the exam much easier, and Exam Mode to prac- tice your skills. 360 pages, 8½ x 11, $35.50

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Pipe & Excavation Contracting Revised

This popular manual has been updated and improved to bring it more current with modern earthmoving and trenching equipment, refined excavation techniques, stricter safety rules, and improved materials. Shows how to read plans and compute quantities for both trench and sur- face excavation, figure crew and equipment pro- ductivity rates, estimate unit costs, bid the work, and get the bonds you need. Learn how to

choose the right equipment for each job, use GPS, how to lay all types of water and sewer pipe, work on steep slopes or in high groundwater, efficiently remove asphalt and rock, and the vari- ous pipe, joints and fittings now available. Explains how to switch your business to excavation work when you don’t have pipe contracts, and how to avoid the pitfalls that can wipe out your profits on any job. 328 pages, 8½ x 11, $35.00

eBook (PDF) also available; $17.50 at www.craftsman-book.com

Basic Engineering for Builders

This book is for you if you’ve ever been stumped by an engineering problem on the job, yet wanted to avoid the expense of hiring a quali- fied engineer. Here you’ll find engineering prin- ciples explained in non-technical language and practical methods for applying them on the job. With the help of this book you’ll be able to understand engineering functions in the plans and how to meet the requirements, how to get permits issued without the help of an engineer, and anticipate requirements for concrete, steel, wood and masonry. See why you sometimes have to hire an engineer and what you can undertake yourself: surveying, concrete, lumber loads and stresses, steel, masonry, plumbing, and HVAC systems. This book is designed to help you, the builder, save money by understanding engineering principles that you can incorporate into the jobs you bid. 400 pages, 8½ x 11, $39.50

eBook (PDF) also available; $19.75 at www.craftsman-book.com

Commercial Metal Stud Framing

Framing commercial jobs can be more lucrative than residential work. But most commercial jobs require some form of metal stud framing. This book teaches step-by-step, with hundreds of job site photos, high-speed metal stud framing that works in both residential and commercial construction. It describes the special tools you’ll need, how to use them effectively, and the material and equipment you’ll be working with.

You’ll find the shortcuts, tips and tricks-of-the-trade that take most steel framers years on the job to discover. Shows how to set up a crew to maintain a rhythm that will speed progress faster than any wood framing job. If you’ve framed with wood, this book will teach you how to be one of the few top-notch metal stud framers in both commercial and residential construction. 208 pages, 8½ x 11, $45.00

National Renovation & Insurance Repair Estimator

Current prices in dollars and cents for hard-to- find items needed on most insurance, repair, remodeling, and renovation jobs. All price items include labor, material, and equipment break- outs, plus special charts that tell you exactly how these costs are calculated.. Includes a free down- load of an electronic version of the book with National Estimator, a stand-alone Windows™ estimating program. An interactive multimedia video that shows how to use the software to

compile renovation and repair cost estimates is free at www.crafts- man-book.com.488 pages, 8½ x 11, $89.50. Revised annually

eBook (PDF) also available; $44.75 at www.craftsman-book.com

Easy Scheduling

Easy Scheduling presents you with a complete set of “real world” scheduling tools that are specifically tailored to meet the needs of small- to medium-sized construction businesses. Step by step, it shows you how to use Microsoft Project to build a schedule that will synchronize everyone’s efforts into an organized system that becomes the foundation of all planning and communication for all your jobs. You’ll see how to establish realistic project goals, set checkpoints, activities, relationships and time estimates for each task, as well as establish priorities. You’ll learn how to create a pro- ject flowchart to keep everyone focused and on track, and see how to use CSI (Construction Specification Institute) coding to organize and sort tasks, methods, and materials across multiple projects. If you want an easy way to schedule your jobs, Microsoft Project and Easy Scheduling is the answer for you. (Does not include Microsoft Project.) Published by BNI. 316 pages, 8½ x 11, $59.95

Code Check Complete, 2nd Edition

Every essential building, electrical and mechanical code require- ment you’re likely to encounter when building or remodeling res- idential and light commercial structures. Based on the 2009 International and Uniform Codes, and the 2008 and 2011 National Electrical Code, it’s endorsed by the International Code Council. Comes spiral-bound, with over 400 drawings, and has up-to-date answers to your code questions. Includes quick-glance summaries to alert you to important code changes. Compiled by code-certi- fied building/home inspectors, this new book is like having four guides in one — for building inspectors, design-professionals, plan reviewers, contractors, home inspectors, educators, and do-it- yourself homeowners. 234 pages, 6½ x 8½, $45.00

Standard Plans For Public Works Construction, 2012 Ed.

This visual reference, also updated and revised to comply with the Federal regulations for metric documentation, is the graphic com- panion to the “Greenbook.” Hundreds of detailed drawings, cross sections, design criteria, and dimensions graphically depict all aspects of public works construction. Every dimension is listed in both feet/inches and metric equivalents. This book, along with the “Greenbook,” sets the standard for quality and uniformity in pub- lic works construction. 375 pages, 8½ x 11, $92.50

Greenbook Standard Specifications for Public Works Construction 2012

The Greenbook gives approved standards for all types of public works construction — from the depth of paving on roads to the adhesive used on pavement markers. It standardizes public works plans and specs to provide guidelines for both cities and contrac- tors so they can agree on construction practices used in public works. The book has been adopted by over 200 cities, counties, and agencies throughout the U.S. The 2012 edition is the 16th edi- tion of this complete reference, providing uniform standards of quality and sound construction practice easily understood and used by engineers, public works officials, and contractors across the U.S. Includes hundreds of charts and tables. 550 pages, 8½ x 11, $84.50

Moving to Commercial Construction

In commercial work, a single job can keep you and your crews busy for a year or more. The profit percentages are higher, but so is the risk involved. This book takes you step-by-step through the process of setting up a successful commercial business: finding work, esti- mating and bidding, value engineering, getting through the sub- mittal and shop drawing process, keeping a stable work force, con- trolling costs, and promoting your business. Explains the design/build and partnering business concepts and their advan- tage over the competitive bid process. Includes sample letters, con- tracts, checklists and forms that you can use in your business, plus a CD-ROM with blank copies in several word-processing formats for both MacTM and PC computers. 256 pages, 8½ x 11, $42.00

eBook (PDF) also available; $21.00, at www.craftsman-book.com

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Planning Drain, Waste & Vent Systems

How to design plumbing systems in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Covers designing systems that meet code requirements for homes, commercial buildings, private sewage disposal systems, and even mobile home parks. Includes relevant code sections and many illustrations to guide you through what the code requires in designing drainage, waste, and vent systems. 192 pages, 8½ x 11, $29.95

Concrete Construction

Just when you think you know all there is about concrete, many new innovations create faster, more efficient ways to do the work. This com- prehensive concrete manual has both the tried-and-tested methods and materials, and more recent innovations. It covers everything you need to know about concrete, along with Styrofoam forming systems, fiber reinforcing adjuncts, and some architectural innovations, like architectural foam elements, that can help

you offer more in the jobs you bid on. Every chapter provides detailed, step-by-step instructions for each task, with hundreds of photographs and drawings that show exactly how the work is done. To keep your jobs organized, there are checklists for each stage of the concrete work, from planning, to finishing and pro- tecting your pours. Whether you’re doing residential or commer- cial work, this manual has the instructions, illustrations, charts, esti- mating data, rules of thumb and examples every contractor can apply on their concrete jobs. 288 pages, 8½ x 11, $28.75

eBook (PDF) also available; $14.38 at www.craftsman-book.com

Steel-Frame House Construction eBook

Framing with steel has obvious advantages over wood, yet building with steel requires new skills that can present challenges to the wood builder. This book explains the secrets of steel framing techniques for building homes, whether pre- engineered or built stick by stick. It shows you the techniques, the tools, the materials, and how you can make it happen. Includes hundreds of photos and illustrations. 320 pages.

Available only as an eBook (PDF) and software download; $19.88 at www.craftsman-book.com

Excavation & Grading Handbook Revised

The foreman’s, superintendent’s and operator’s guide to highway, subdivision and pipeline jobs: how to read plans and survey stake markings, set grade, excavate, compact, pave and lay pipe on nearly any job. Includes hundreds of informative, on-the-job photos and diagrams that even expe- rienced pros will find invaluable.This new edition has been completely revised to be current with state-of-the-art equipment usage and the most efficient excavating and grading techniques.

You’ll learn how to read topo maps, use a laser level, set crows feet, cut drainage channels, lay or remove asphaltic concrete, and use GPS and sonar for absolute precision. For those in training, each chapter has a set of self-test questions, and a Study Center CD-ROM included has all 250 questions in a simple interactive for- mat to make learning easy and fun. 512 pages, 8½ x 11, $42.00

eBook (PDF) also available; $21.00 at www.craftsman-book.com

Home Builders’ Jobsite Codes 2012

A spiral-bound, quick reference to the 2012 International Residential Code that’s filled with easy-to-read and understand Code require- ments for every aspect of residential construc- tion. This user-friendly guide through the morass of the Code is packed with illustrations, tables, and figures, to illuminate your path to inspection and approval. 347 pages, 5½ x 8½, $21.95

Sweets Green Building Square Foot Costbook 2015

If your customers are demanding their buildings meet LEED®

green building standards, estimating construction costs can rep- resent quite a challenge — especially if you’ve never built a green building before. This new book contains square foot prices for over 50 different types of green buildings, broken down by con- struction division. It includes articles on the cost of LEED® certifi- cation, green roof design, and the goals of other LEED® certified builders throughout the U.S. All of the costs in the book have been carefully adjusted for 2015. Included are government projects, res- idential and commercial buildings, schools and libraries, and med- ical and recreational facilities, reflecting the vast array of “green” materials and technologies used in construction today. If the unknown costs of building green have kept you from bidding on jobs you could have had, you’ll recover the cost of this book many times over in the future job bids you’re sure to win. 204 pages, 8½ x 11, $59.95. Published by Building News Inc.

Estimating Excavation Revised eBook

How to calculate the amount of dirt you'll have to move and the cost of owning and operating the machines you'll do it with. Detailed, step-by-step instructions on how to assign bid prices to each part of the job, including labor and equipment costs. Also, the best ways to set up an organized and logical estimating system, take off from con- tour maps, estimate quantities in irregular areas, and figure your overhead. This revised edition includes a chapter on earthwork estimating software. As with any tool, you have to pick the right one. Written by an experienced dirt contractor and instructor of computer estimating software, this chapter covers the program types, explains how they work, gives the basics of how to use them, and discusses what will work best for the type of work you handle. This e-Book is the download ver- sion of the book in text searchable, PDF format. Craftsman eBooks are for use in the freely distributed Adobe Reader and are com- patible with Reader 6.0 or above. 550 pages.

Available only as an eBook (PDF); $21.75, at www.craftsman-book.com

The Blue Book Network Guide to Construction Costs 2014

The Blue Book Network Guide to Construction Costs 2014 is a practical resource for all your construction estimating needs. Whether the job is for general construction, remodeling, building maintenance, or repair, the Blue Book Network Guide to Construction Costs provides the most accurate and up-to-date data for material and installation costs, labor and equipment rates, and even adjusted allowances for overhead and profit. The Blue Book also breaks down all unit and summary costs for every type of structure ... all organized in the 16-Division CSI Masterformat. It also includes prevailing wage rates for over 400 U.S. Metropolitan areas (based on the latest data published by the Department of Labor), square foot costs, Americans with Disabilities costs (ADA), production and demolition rates, energy factors, purchasing costs, equipment rental rates and much more! 6½ x 11, $49.95

Survive & Thrive in Building

Are you ready for the housing rebound? For every home-builder casualty of a housing recession, there’s another one still in busi- ness. Which will you be? Business owners often learn how to run a successful company the hard way — through trial and error. But you don’t have to rely on this haphazard approach to entrepreneurship. As a home builder, you can have behind you the wisdom and experience of NAHB members who have weathered the ups and downs of the housing cycle. This book covers basic, but essential knowledge for running a successful company, whether you’re new to residential construction or a veteran builder. You’ll learn how to find a sustainable market niche, get financing for your projects, market your homes, achieve an opti- mal balance between sales volume and profit margin, understand financial reports, organize and insure your company to minimize risk, and find and keep the best employees and trade contractors. 316 pages, 10 x 7, $39.95. Published by NAHB

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� 39.50 Basic Engineering for Builders � 49.95 The Blue Book Network Guide to Construction Costs 2014 � 35.50 Builder’s Guide to Accounting Revised � 32.50 Building Code Compliance for Contractors & Inspectors � 35.00 Building Contractor’s Exam Preparation Guide � 133.50 CD Estimator � 45.00 Code Check Complete, 2nd Edition � 45.00 Commercial Metal Stud Framing � 28.75 Concrete Construction � 49.50 Construction Estimating � 59.50 Construction Estimating Reference Data � 48.50 Construction Forms for Contractractors � 51.95 Construction Surveying & Layout � 79.00 Contractor’s Guide to Change Orders � 68.50 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks 2014 � 58.50 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks 2012 � 57.00 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2010 � 56.50 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2009 � 54.75 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2008 � 53.00 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2007 � 49.75 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2005 � 48.50 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2004 � 47.75 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2003 � 46.50 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2002 � 45.25 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2001 � 49.50 Contractor’s Plain-English Legal Guide � 65.00 Craftsman’s Construction Installation Encyclopedia � 34.95 Drafting House Plans � 59.95 Easy Scheduling

� 89.50 Estimating & Bidding for Builders & Remodelers � 38.00 Estimating Home Building Costs, Revised � 44.95 Estimating With Microsoft Excel, 3rd Ed. � 42.00 Excavation & Grading Handbook Revised � 39.00 Getting Financing & Developing Land � 84.50 Greenbook: Standard Specifications for Public Works Construction 2012 � 21.95 Home Builders’ Jobsite Codes 2012 � 69.00 Insurance Restoration Contracting: Startup to Success � 34.00 25.50 Journeyman Elec Prep & Study Guide, Cosmetic Defect � 47.50 Markup & Profit: A Contractor’s Guide, Revisited � 37.75 Masonry & Concrete Construction Revised � 42.00 Moving to Commercial Construction � 87.50 National Construction Estimator w/FREE Natl. Estimator Download � 85.00 2011 National Electrical Code � 75.00 2008 National Electrical Code � 89.50 National Renovation & Ins. Repair Est. w/FREE Natl. Estimator Download � 55.50 Paper Contracting: The How-To of Construction Management Contracting � 35.00 Pipe & Excavation Contracting Revised � 29.95 Planning Drain, Waste & Vent Systems � 79.95 Residential Property Inspection Reports on CD-ROM � 42.00 Residential Wiring to the 2008 NEC � 95.00 Standard Estimating Practice, 9th Edition � 92.50 Standard Plans for Public Works Construction, 2012 Ed. � 39.95 Survive and Thrive in Building � 59.95 Sweets Green Building Square Foot Costbook 2014 � 78.00 National Building Cost Manual � FREE Full Color Catalog

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Building Code Compliance for Contractors & Inspectors

An answer book for both contractors and build- ing inspectors, this manual explains what it takes to pass inspections under the 2009 International Residential Code. It includes a checklist for every trade, covering some of the most common rea- sons why inspectors reject residential work: foot- ings, foundations, slabs, framing, sheathing, plumbing, electrical, HVAC, energy conservation and final inspection. The requirement for each

item is explained, and the code section cited. Knowing in advance what the inspector wants to see gives you an (almost unfair) advantage. To pass inspection, do your own pre-inspection before the inspector arrives. If you’re considering a career in code enforcement, this can be your guidebook. 8½ x 11, 232 pages, $32.50

eBook (PDF) also available; $16.25 at www.craftsman-book.com

Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks 2014

QuickBooks 2014 has many new features that simplify a building contractor’s bookkeeping work. You’ll wonder how you managed without them. To help you make the most of these new features, or to make getting set up with QuickBooks almost painless, this user-friendly manual walks you through QuickBooks’ detailed setup procedure and explains step-by-step how to create a first- rate accounting system. You’ll learn in days, rather than weeks, how to use QuickBooks to get your contracting business orga- nized, with simple, fast accounting procedures. But setting up QuickBooks from scratch can be time-consuming. On the free download included with purchase of the book you’ll find a QuickBooks file preconfigured for a construction company. Open it, enter your company’s data, add info on your suppliers, subs and customers, and you’re up and running. The setup’s done for you. 288 pages, 8½ x 11, $68.50

See checklist for other available editions.

eBook (PDF) also available; $34.25 at www.craftsman-book.com eBook (PDFs) also available for 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010.

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Title Page
Contents of This Manual
Explanation of the Cost Tables
Area Modification Factors
Building Cost Historical Index
Residential Structures Section

Single Family Residences
Manufactured Housing
Multi-Family Residences
Motels
Additional Costs for Residential Structures
Multi-Family and Motel Garages
Cabins and Recreational Dwellings
Conventional Recreational Dwellings

Additional Costs

“A-Frame” Cabins
Life in Years and Depreciation for Residences

Index
Practical References for Builders