Data Screening

Running head: DATA SCREENING 1

Data Screening Output: Religiosity Research Group II

Gianna LaTrice Jackson, Lawanda Nodestine-Henry and Cesar Pajarillo

Liberty University

DATA SCREENING 2

Data Screening Output: Religiosity Research Group II

An independent-samples t test was performed to assess whether there was a difference in

attitudes about God in the mean Religious and Spiritual Struggles – Divine scores and Beliefs

about God. The dependent variable was individual attitudes about God. Significant difference

was not noted in the scores for I believe there is a God (M=1.60, SD=0.96) and I used to believe

there was a God but do not anymore (M=1.17, SD=0.67) conditions; t (450) =4.07, p=0.00.

These results suggest that attitudes about God do have an effect on an individual’s beliefs about

God. The initial screening of the data indicated that N = 637 participants. There was N= 98

missing data for the variable RSS-Divine Struggles. The two categorical variables were

“Religious and Spiritual Struggles – Divine” as a quantitative variable and “Describe Your Belief

in God” as a categorical variable. A frequency distribution was conducted for the two variables to

determine the percentage of the scores on each of the values. A bar chart, box plot and

descriptive statistics was conducted. Frequency distribution for Belief in God noted that 55.4%

(353 individuals) believe that there is a God while 13.7% believes sometimes there is a God. The

ranges noted were 13.7 to 55.4%. RSS-Divine Struggles ranged from 0.2 to 59.6 and the majority

of the participant selected “1” as their top choice. Descriptive statistics was used to assess Belief

of God (M = 1.91, SD = 1.15) and Religious and Spiritual Struggles – Divine (M = 1.58, SD =

0.96). The boxplot was used to detect extreme scores, outliners, ceiling and floor effects; the

results were not meaningful because the scales appeared to be none comparable. There were

several outliners for “I use to believe there was a God but do not anymore” and “I sometimes

believe in God” was shewed to the right, there appeared to be a significantly difference in the

means.

DATA SCREENING 3

*Data used for the Summary Above is Gianna Jackson data all other group members data is

listed under their name; their data was not used for the summary.

Gianna Jackson Data

Frequencies

Frequencies Table

DATA SCREENING 4

Graph

DATA SCREENING 5

Graph

Descriptive

DATA SCREENING 6

Box Plot

Explore

Please choose the answer that best describes your belief in God.

RSS-Divine Struggles

DATA SCREENING 7

Independent t-Test

DATA SCREENING 8

Univariate Analysis of Variance

Post Hoc Tests

Please choose the answer that best describes your belief in God.

DATA SCREENING 9

Homogeneous Subsets

DATA SCREENING 10

Lawanda Nodestine-Henry Data

Frequencies

Notes

Output Created 03-APR-2020 09:35:48

Comments

Input Data C:\Users\LaWanda\AppData\

Local\Temp\WorkingDataset7

45V2.sav

Active Dataset DataSet1

Filter <none>

Weight <none>

Split File <none>

N of Rows in Working Data

File

637

Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values

are treated as missing.

Cases Used Statistics are based on all

cases with valid data.

DATA SCREENING 11

Syntax FREQUENCIES

VARIABLES=Race

BRCOPPOS

/STATISTICS=STDDEV

VARIANCE MEAN MEDIAN

MODE SKEWNESS

SESKEW

/HISTOGRAM NORMAL

/ORDER=ANALYSIS.

Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.52

Elapsed Time 00:00:00.43

Statistics

What is your

race? RCOPE-Positive

N Valid 636 540

Missing 1 97

Mean 1.65 2.4504

Median 1.00 2.5714

Mode 1 1.00

Std. Deviation 1.443 1.00694

Variance 2.082 1.014

Skewness 2.326 -.079

Std. Error of Skewness .097 .105

DATA SCREENING 12

Frequency Table

What is your race?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Caucasian/White 484 76.0 76.1 76.1

African American 63 9.9 9.9 86.0

American Indian or Alaska

Native

11 1.7 1.7 87.7

Asian 32 5.0 5.0 92.8

Native Hawaiian or other

Pacific Islander

2 .3 .3 93.1

Hispanic, Latino, or of

Spanish Origin

38 6.0 6.0 99.1

Other 6 .9 .9 100.0

Total 636 99.8 100.0

Missing System 1 .2

Total 637 100.0

RCOPE-Positive

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid 1.00 91 14.3 16.9 16.9

1.14 14 2.2 2.6 19.4

DATA SCREENING 13

1.29 15 2.4 2.8 22.2

1.43 15 2.4 2.8 25.0

1.57 14 2.2 2.6 27.6

1.71 19 3.0 3.5 31.1

1.86 17 2.7 3.1 34.3

2.00 21 3.3 3.9 38.1

2.14 15 2.4 2.8 40.9

2.17 1 .2 .2 41.1

2.29 21 3.3 3.9 45.0

2.43 13 2.0 2.4 47.4

2.57 19 3.0 3.5 50.9

2.67 1 .2 .2 51.1

2.71 34 5.3 6.3 57.4

2.86 28 4.4 5.2 62.6

3.00 34 5.3 6.3 68.9

3.14 25 3.9 4.6 73.5

3.29 19 3.0 3.5 77.0

3.43 15 2.4 2.8 79.8

3.50 1 .2 .2 80.0

3.57 26 4.1 4.8 84.8

3.71 21 3.3 3.9 88.7

3.86 22 3.5 4.1 92.8

4.00 39 6.1 7.2 100.0

Total 540 84.8 100.0

Missing System 97 15.2

DATA SCREENING 14

Total 637 100.0

Histogram

DATA SCREENING 15

EXAMINE VARIABLES=Race BY BRCOPPOS

/PLOT=BOXPLOT

/STATISTICS=NONE

/NOTOTAL

/MISSING=REPORT.

DATA SCREENING 16

Explore

Notes

Output Created 03-APR-2020 09:36:14

Comments

Input Data C:\Users\LaWanda\AppData\

Local\Temp\WorkingDataset7

45V2.sav

Active Dataset DataSet1

Filter <none>

Weight <none>

Split File <none>

N of Rows in Working Data

File

637

Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values

for dependent variables are

treated as missing. User-

defined and system missing

values for factors are treated

as valid data.

Cases Used Statistics are based on cases

with no missing values for

any dependent variable or

factor used.

DATA SCREENING 17

Syntax EXAMINE VARIABLES=Race

BY BRCOPPOS

/PLOT=BOXPLOT

/STATISTICS=NONE

/NOTOTAL

/MISSING=REPORT.

Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.27

Elapsed Time 00:00:00.31

Warnings

What is your race? is constant when RCOPE-Positive = 2.17. It will

be included in any boxplots produced but other output will be

omitted.

What is your race? is constant when RCOPE-Positive = 2.67. It will

be included in any boxplots produced but other output will be

omitted.

What is your race? is constant when RCOPE-Positive = 3.50. It will

be included in any boxplots produced but other output will be

omitted.

RCOPE-Positive

Case Processing Summary

DATA SCREENING 18

RCOPE-Positive

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N

What is your race? . (Missing) 97 100.0% 0 0.0% 97

1.00 91 100.0% 0 0.0% 91

1.14 14 100.0% 0 0.0% 14

1.29 15 100.0% 0 0.0% 15

1.43 15 100.0% 0 0.0% 15

1.57 14 100.0% 0 0.0% 14

1.71 19 100.0% 0 0.0% 19

1.86 17 100.0% 0 0.0% 17

2.00 21 100.0% 0 0.0% 21

2.14 15 100.0% 0 0.0% 15

2.17 1 100.0% 0 0.0% 1

2.29 21 100.0% 0 0.0% 21

2.43 13 100.0% 0 0.0% 13

2.57 19 100.0% 0 0.0% 19

2.67 1 100.0% 0 0.0% 1

2.71 34 100.0% 0 0.0% 34

2.86 28 100.0% 0 0.0% 28

3.00 34 100.0% 0 0.0% 34

3.14 24 96.0% 1 4.0% 25

3.29 19 100.0% 0 0.0% 19

3.43 15 100.0% 0 0.0% 15

3.50 1 100.0% 0 0.0% 1

3.57 26 100.0% 0 0.0% 26

DATA SCREENING 19

3.71 21 100.0% 0 0.0% 21

3.86 22 100.0% 0 0.0% 22

4.00 39 100.0% 0 0.0% 39

Case Processing Summary

RCOPE-Positive

Cases

Total

Percent

What is your race? . (Missing) 100.0%

1.00 100.0%

1.14 100.0%

1.29 100.0%

1.43 100.0%

1.57 100.0%

1.71 100.0%

1.86 100.0%

2.00 100.0%

2.14 100.0%

2.17 100.0%

2.29 100.0%

2.43 100.0%

2.57 100.0%

2.67 100.0%

2.71 100.0%

2.86 100.0%

3.00 100.0%

DATA SCREENING 20

3.14 100.0%

3.29 100.0%

3.43 100.0%

3.50 100.0%

3.57 100.0%

3.71 100.0%

3.86 100.0%

4.00 100.0%

What is your race?

DATA SCREENING 21

GRAPH

/SCATTERPLOT(BIVAR)=BRCOPPOS WITH Race

/MISSING=LISTWISE.

Graph

DATA SCREENING 22

Notes

Output Created 03-APR-2020 09:36:53

Comments

Input Data C:\Users\LaWanda\AppData\

Local\Temp\WorkingDataset7

45V2.sav

Active Dataset DataSet1

Filter <none>

Weight <none>

Split File <none>

N of Rows in Working Data

File

637

Syntax GRAPH

/SCATTERPLOT(BIVAR)=BR

COPPOS WITH Race

/MISSING=LISTWISE.

Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.37

Elapsed Time 00:00:00.49

DATA SCREENING 23

FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=Race BRCOPPOS

/STATISTICS=STDDEV VARIANCE SEMEAN MEAN MEDIAN MODE SKEWNESS SESKEW

/HISTOGRAM NORMAL

/ORDER=ANALYSIS.

DATA SCREENING 24

Frequencies

Notes

Output Created 03-APR-2020 09:37:29

Comments

Input Data C:\Users\LaWanda\AppData\

Local\Temp\WorkingDataset7

45V2.sav

Active Dataset DataSet1

Filter <none>

Weight <none>

Split File <none>

N of Rows in Working Data

File

637

Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values

are treated as missing.

Cases Used Statistics are based on all

cases with valid data.

Syntax FREQUENCIES

VARIABLES=Race

BRCOPPOS

/STATISTICS=STDDEV

VARIANCE SEMEAN MEAN

MEDIAN MODE SKEWNESS

SESKEW

/HISTOGRAM NORMAL

/ORDER=ANALYSIS.

DATA SCREENING 25

Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.44

Elapsed Time 00:00:00.36

Statistics

What is your

race? RCOPE-Positive

N Valid 636 540

Missing 1 97

Mean 1.65 2.4504

Std. Error of Mean .057 .04333

Median 1.00 2.5714

Mode 1 1.00

Std. Deviation 1.443 1.00694

Variance 2.082 1.014

Skewness 2.326 -.079

Std. Error of Skewness .097 .105

Frequency Table

What is your race?

DATA SCREENING 26

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Caucasian/White 484 76.0 76.1 76.1

African American 63 9.9 9.9 86.0

American Indian or Alaska

Native

11 1.7 1.7 87.7

Asian 32 5.0 5.0 92.8

Native Hawaiian or other

Pacific Islander

2 .3 .3 93.1

Hispanic, Latino, or of

Spanish Origin

38 6.0 6.0 99.1

Other 6 .9 .9 100.0

Total 636 99.8 100.0

Missing System 1 .2

Total 637 100.0

RCOPE-Positive

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid 1.00 91 14.3 16.9 16.9

1.14 14 2.2 2.6 19.4

1.29 15 2.4 2.8 22.2

1.43 15 2.4 2.8 25.0

1.57 14 2.2 2.6 27.6

1.71 19 3.0 3.5 31.1

1.86 17 2.7 3.1 34.3

DATA SCREENING 27

2.00 21 3.3 3.9 38.1

2.14 15 2.4 2.8 40.9

2.17 1 .2 .2 41.1

2.29 21 3.3 3.9 45.0

2.43 13 2.0 2.4 47.4

2.57 19 3.0 3.5 50.9

2.67 1 .2 .2 51.1

2.71 34 5.3 6.3 57.4

2.86 28 4.4 5.2 62.6

3.00 34 5.3 6.3 68.9

3.14 25 3.9 4.6 73.5

3.29 19 3.0 3.5 77.0

3.43 15 2.4 2.8 79.8

3.50 1 .2 .2 80.0

3.57 26 4.1 4.8 84.8

3.71 21 3.3 3.9 88.7

3.86 22 3.5 4.1 92.8

4.00 39 6.1 7.2 100.0

Total 540 84.8 100.0

Missing System 97 15.2

Total 637 100.0

Histogram

DATA SCREENING 28

DATA SCREENING 29

T-TEST GROUPS=BRCOPPOS(1 2)

/MISSING=ANALYSIS

/VARIABLES=Race

/CRITERIA=CI(.95).

T-TEST GROUPS=BRCOPPOS(1 2)

/MISSING=ANALYSIS

/VARIABLES=Race

DATA SCREENING 30

/CRITERIA=CI(.95).

T-Test

Notes

Output Created 03-APR-2020 19:50:15

Comments

Input Data C:\Users\LaWanda\AppData\

Local\Temp\WorkingDataset7

45V2.sav

Active Dataset DataSet1

Filter <none>

Weight <none>

Split File <none>

N of Rows in Working Data

File

637

Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User defined missing values

are treated as missing.

Cases Used Statistics for each analysis

are based on the cases with

no missing or out-of-range

data for any variable in the

analysis.

DATA SCREENING 31

Syntax T-TEST

GROUPS=BRCOPPOS(1 2)

/MISSING=ANALYSIS

/VARIABLES=Race

/CRITERIA=CI(.95).

Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.02

Elapsed Time 00:00:00.01

Group Statistics

RCOPE-Positive N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

What is your race? 1.00 91 1.69 1.678 .176

2.00 21 1.33 .913 .199

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for Equality of

Variances

t-test for Equality of

Means

F Sig. t df

What is your race? Equal variances assumed 4.211 .043 .946 110

Equal variances not

assumed

1.351 55.805

Independent Samples Test

t-test for Equality of Means

Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference

DATA SCREENING 32

Std. Error

Difference

What is your race? Equal variances assumed .346 .359 .379

Equal variances not assumed .182 .359 .266

Independent Samples Test

t-test for Equality of Means

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower Upper

What is your race? Equal variances assumed -.393 1.111

Equal variances not assumed -.173 .891

ONEWAY Race BY BRCOPPOS

/STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES

/MISSING ANALYSIS.

ONEWAY Race BY BRCOPPOS

/STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES

/MISSING ANALYSIS

/POSTHOC=TUKEY ALPHA(0.05).

Oneway

DATA SCREENING 33

Notes

Output Created 04-APR-2020 22:03:18

Comments

Input Data C:\Users\LaWanda\AppData\

Local\Temp\WorkingDataset7

45V2.sav

Active Dataset DataSet1

Filter <none>

Weight <none>

Split File <none>

N of Rows in Working Data

File

637

Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values

are treated as missing.

Cases Used Statistics for each analysis

are based on cases with no

missing data for any variable

in the analysis.

Syntax ONEWAY Race BY

BRCOPPOS

/STATISTICS

DESCRIPTIVES

/MISSING ANALYSIS

/POSTHOC=TUKEY

ALPHA(0.05).

Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.02

Elapsed Time 00:00:00.02

DATA SCREENING 34

Warnings

Post hoc tests are not performed for What is your race? because at

least one group has fewer than two cases.

Descriptives

What is your race?

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error

95% Confidence Interval for Mean

MinimumLower Bound Upper Bound

1.00 91 1.69 1.678 .176 1.34 2.04 1

1.14 14 1.93 1.817 .486 .88 2.98 1

1.29 15 2.27 2.086 .539 1.11 3.42 1

1.43 15 1.60 1.454 .375 .79 2.41 1

1.57 14 1.43 1.089 .291 .80 2.06 1

1.71 19 1.47 1.307 .300 .84 2.10 1

1.86 17 2.29 2.085 .506 1.22 3.37 1

2.00 21 1.33 .913 .199 .92 1.75 1

2.14 15 1.60 1.595 .412 .72 2.48 1

2.17 1 1.00 . . . . 1

2.29 21 1.67 1.461 .319 1.00 2.33 1

2.43 13 1.38 .650 .180 .99 1.78 1

2.57 19 1.37 1.165 .267 .81 1.93 1

2.67 1 1.00 . . . . 1

DATA SCREENING 35

2.71 34 1.88 1.452 .249 1.38 2.39 1

2.86 28 1.86 1.508 .285 1.27 2.44 1

3.00 34 1.56 1.440 .247 1.06 2.06 1

3.14 24 1.38 .576 .118 1.13 1.62 1

3.29 19 1.95 1.715 .393 1.12 2.77 1

3.43 15 1.20 .561 .145 .89 1.51 1

3.50 1 1.00 . . . . 1

3.57 26 1.77 1.394 .273 1.21 2.33 1

3.71 21 1.29 .717 .156 .96 1.61 1

3.86 22 1.55 1.224 .261 1.00 2.09 1

4.00 39 2.15 1.899 .304 1.54 2.77 1

Total 539 1.68 1.470 .063 1.56 1.81 1

Descriptives

What is your race?

Maximum

1.00 7

1.14 7

1.29 6

1.43 6

1.57 4

1.71 6

1.86 7

2.00 4

2.14 6

DATA SCREENING 36

2.17 1

2.29 6

2.43 3

2.57 6

2.67 1

2.71 6

2.86 6

3.00 6

3.14 3

3.29 6

3.43 3

3.50 1

3.57 6

3.71 4

3.86 6

4.00 7

Total 7

ANOVA

What is your race?

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 43.664 24 1.819 .836 .691

Within Groups 1118.718 514 2.176

Total 1162.382 538

DATA SCREENING 37

ONEWAY BRCOPPOS BY Race

/STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES

/MISSING ANALYSIS

/POSTHOC=TUKEY ALPHA(0.05).

Oneway

Notes

Output Created 04-APR-2020 22:04:20

Comments

Input Data C:\Users\LaWanda\AppData\

Local\Temp\WorkingDataset7

45V2.sav

Active Dataset DataSet1

Filter <none>

Weight <none>

Split File <none>

N of Rows in Working Data

File

637

Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values

are treated as missing.

DATA SCREENING 38

Cases Used Statistics for each analysis

are based on cases with no

missing data for any variable

in the analysis.

Syntax ONEWAY BRCOPPOS BY

Race

/STATISTICS

DESCRIPTIVES

/MISSING ANALYSIS

/POSTHOC=TUKEY

ALPHA(0.05).

Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.02

Elapsed Time 00:00:00.13

Descriptives

RCOPE-Positive

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error

95% Confidence

Interval for Mean

Lower Bound

Caucasian/White 402 2.3900 1.00639 .05019 2.2913

African American 59 2.9080 .85663 .11152 2.6848

American Indian or Alaska

Native

11 2.9091 .80121 .24157 2.3708

Asian 25 2.3543 .98208 .19642 1.9489

Native Hawaiian or other

Pacific Islander

2 2.2143 .10102 .07143 1.3067

Hispanic, Latino, or of

Spanish Origin

35 2.3837 1.11724 .18885 1.9999

DATA SCREENING 39

Other 5 1.8000 1.28015 .57250 .2105

Total 539 2.4491 1.00743 .04339 2.3638

Descriptives

RCOPE-Positive

95% Confidence Interval

for Mean

Minimum MaximumUpper Bound

Caucasian/White 2.4886 1.00 4.00

African American 3.1312 1.00 4.00

American Indian or Alaska Native 3.4473 1.00 4.00

Asian 2.7597 1.00 4.00

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 3.1219 2.14 2.29

Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish Origin 2.7675 1.00 4.00

Other 3.3895 1.00 4.00

Total 2.5343 1.00 4.00

ANOVA

RCOPE-Positive

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 18.749 6 3.125 3.153 .005

Within Groups 527.277 532 .991

Total 546.026 538

DATA SCREENING 40

Post Hoc Tests

Multiple Comparisons

Dependent Variable: RCOPE-Positive

Tukey HSD

(I) What is your race? (J) What is your race?

Mean

Difference (I-

J)

Std.

Error Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower

Bound

Upper

Bound

Caucasian/White African American -.51804* .13880 .004 -.9288 -.1072

American Indian or

Alaska Native

-.51914 .30425 .612 -1.4196 .3813

Asian .03567 .20521 1.000 -.5717 .6430

Native Hawaiian or

other Pacific Islander

.17567 .70571 1.000 -1.9130 2.2643

Hispanic, Latino, or of

Spanish Origin

.00628 .17545 1.000 -.5130 .5256

Other .58995 .44798 .844 -.7359 1.9158

African American Caucasian/White .51804* .13880 .004 .1072 .9288

American Indian or

Alaska Native

-.00110 .32696 1.000 -.9688 .9666

Asian .55370 .23758 .231 -.1494 1.2569

Native Hawaiian or

other Pacific Islander

.69370 .71579 .960 -1.4248 2.8122

Hispanic, Latino, or of

Spanish Origin

.52432 .21241 .173 -.1043 1.1530

DATA SCREENING 41

Other 1.10799 .46371 .205 -.2644 2.4804

American Indian or

Alaska Native

Caucasian/White .51914 .30425 .612 -.3813 1.4196

African American .00110 .32696 1.000 -.9666 .9688

Asian .55481 .36020 .720 -.5113 1.6209

Native Hawaiian or

other Pacific Islander

.69481 .76529 .971 -1.5702 2.9598

Hispanic, Latino, or of

Spanish Origin

.52542 .34412 .729 -.4931 1.5439

Other 1.10909 .53696 .375 -.4801 2.6983

Asian Caucasian/White -.03567 .20521 1.000 -.6430 .5717

African American -.55370 .23758 .231 -1.2569 .1494

American Indian or

Alaska Native

-.55481 .36020 .720 -1.6209 .5113

Native Hawaiian or

other Pacific Islander

.14000 .73158 1.000 -2.0252 2.3052

Hispanic, Latino, or of

Spanish Origin

-.02939 .26070 1.000 -.8010 .7422

Other .55429 .48772 .917 -.8892 1.9978

Native Hawaiian or

other Pacific Islander

Caucasian/White -.17567 .70571 1.000 -2.2643 1.9130

African American -.69370 .71579 .960 -2.8122 1.4248

American Indian or

Alaska Native

-.69481 .76529 .971 -2.9598 1.5702

Asian -.14000 .73158 1.000 -2.3052 2.0252

Hispanic, Latino, or of

Spanish Origin

-.16939 .72379 1.000 -2.3116 1.9728

Other .41429 .83294 .999 -2.0509 2.8795

Hispanic, Latino, or of

Spanish Origin

Caucasian/White -.00628 .17545 1.000 -.5256 .5130

African American -.52432 .21241 .173 -1.1530 .1043

DATA SCREENING 42

American Indian or

Alaska Native

-.52542 .34412 .729 -1.5439 .4931

Asian .02939 .26070 1.000 -.7422 .8010

Native Hawaiian or

other Pacific Islander

.16939 .72379 1.000 -1.9728 2.3116

Other .58367 .47596 .884 -.8250 1.9924

Other Caucasian/White -.58995 .44798 .844 -1.9158 .7359

African American -1.10799 .46371 .205 -2.4804 .2644

American Indian or

Alaska Native

-1.10909 .53696 .375 -2.6983 .4801

Asian -.55429 .48772 .917 -1.9978 .8892

Native Hawaiian or

other Pacific Islander

-.41429 .83294 .999 -2.8795 2.0509

Hispanic, Latino, or of

Spanish Origin

-.58367 .47596 .884 -1.9924 .8250

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Homogeneous Subsets

RCOPE-Positive

Tukey HSDa,b

What is your race? N Subset for alpha

= 0.05

DATA SCREENING 43

1

Other 5 1.8000

Native Hawaiian or other

Pacific Islander

2 2.2143

Asian 25 2.3543

Hispanic, Latino, or of

Spanish Origin

35 2.3837

Caucasian/White 402 2.3900

African American 59 2.9080

American Indian or Alaska

Native

11 2.9091

Sig. .285

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.

a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 7.964.

b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the

group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.

Cesar Pajarillo Data

The variables used in this data screening are the following: Annual Household Income [Income] Awareness of God [SAI_AWAR]

Statistics What is your

household's

annual income?

SAI-Awareness

of God

N Valid 637 539

Missing 0 98

Mean 5.27 2.6572

Median 5.00 2.6250

DATA SCREENING 44

Mode 4 1.00

Std. Deviation 2.427 1.35618

Skewness .005 .229

Std. Error of Skewness .097 .105

Kurtosis -1.181 -1.280

Std. Error of Kurtosis .193 .210

Sum 3360 1432.24

The standard deviation of the two variables indicate the income is more spread out

(SD=4.427) while SAI-Awareness of God (SD=1.356) is more clustered.

DATA SCREENING 45

HOUSEHOLD ANNUAL INCOME

DATA SCREENING 46

SELF-AWARENESS OF GOD

The box plot above for income & SAI-Self Awareness does not show any outliers.

T-TEST

DATA SCREENING 47

The result of the paired sample test above, specifically the p-value denoted by “Sig. (2- tailed)” which shows “.000” indicates that we have to reject the null hypothesis that “there is no correlation between income and degree of awareness of God.”