| Table 1 |
| Baseline sociodemographic and criminological information, and follow-up data for released prisoners in Sweden |
| | Men | Women |
| Number of individuals | 43 840 | 3486 |
| Number of person-years at risk | 139 260 | 11 243 |
| Incidents of violent reoffending during follow-up | 10 884 (25%) | 379 (11%) |
| Age group (years) |
| 16–24 | 8466 (19%) | 361 (10%) |
| 25–39 | 17 291 (39%) | 1409 (40%) |
| ≥40 | 18 083 (41%) | 1716 (49%) |
| Civil status |
| Unmarried | 26 910 (65%) | 1614 (49%) |
| Married | 5066 (12%) | 537 (16%) |
| Divorced | 9105 (22%) | 1094 (33%) |
| Widowed | 222 (<1%) | 67 (2%) |
| Highest length of education (years) |
| <9 | 19 546 (47%) | 1765 (53%) |
| 9–11 | 19 174 (46%) | 1322 (40%) |
| ≥12 | 2583 (6%) | 225 (7%) |
| Employed | 8045 (20%) | 355 (11%) |
| Immigrant | 13 710 (31%) | 806 (23%) |
| Disposable income (×100 Swedish Krona) | 775 (473 to 1100) | 749 (444 to 1082) |
| Neighbourhood deprivation* | 0·38 (−0·17 to 1·48) | 0·35 (−0·15 to 1·46) |
| Length of incarceration (months) |
| <6 | 30 155 (69%) | 2608 (75%) |
| 6–11 | 7270 (17%) | 506 (15%) |
| 12–23 | 4408 (10%) | 283 (8%) |
| ≥24 | 2007 (5%) | 89 (3%) |
| Violent index offence | 17 294 (39%) | 643 (18%) |
| Previous violent crime | 23 960 (55%) | 1112 (32%) |
| Previous psychiatric disorder |
| Any psychiatric disorder | 18 563 (42%) | 2233 (64%) |
| Alcohol use disorder | 9276 (21%) | 968 (28%) |
| Drug use disorder | 9597 (22%) | 1438 (41%) |
| Personality disorder | 2320 (5%) | 353 (10%) |
| Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | 546 (1%) | 51 (1%) |
| Other developmental or childhood disorder | 979 (2%) | 139 (4%) |
| Schizophrenia spectrum disorders | 1237 (3%) | 130 (4%) |
| Bipolar disorder | 216 (<1%) | 35 (1%) |
| Depression | 2553 (6%) | 418 (12%) |
| Anxiety disorder | 3247 (7%) | 534 (15%) |
| Data are n, n (%), or median (IQR). 2573 men and 174 women had missing values for civil status, highest length of education, employment, disposable income, and neighbourhood deprivation. |
| Association between individual psychiatric disorders and violent crime reoffending |
| | Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 3‡ |
| Men |
| Alcohol use disorder | 2·14 (2·05–2·24) | 1·63 (1·56–1·71) | 1·45 (1·38–1·53) |
| Drug use disorder | 2·13 (2·05–2·22) | 1·65 (1·58–1·72) | 1·52 (1·45–1·59) |
| Personality disorder | 2·29 (2·14–2·45) | 1·64 (1·53–1·76) | 1·30 (1·21–1·40) |
| Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | 2·22 (1·89–2·61) | 1·56 (1·31–1·85) | 1·31 (1·10–1·55) |
| Other developmental or childhood disorder | 1·82 (1·65–2·01) | 1·46 (1·32–1·61) | 1·33 (1·20–1·47) |
| Schizophrenia spectrum disorders | 2·06 (1·87–2·26) | 1·51 (1·37–1·67) | 1·20 (1·09–1·33) |
| Bipolar disorder | 1·96 (1·50–2·58) | 1·75 (1·32–2·32) | 1·50 (1·13–1·99) |
| Depression | 1·41 (1·30–1·54) | 1·28 (1·18–1·40) | 1·09 (1·00–1·18) |
| Anxiety disorder | 1·41 (1·32–1·51) | 1·23 (1·14–1·32) | 1·09 (1·01–1·17) |
| Women |
| Alcohol use disorder | 2·65 (2·15–3·26) | 2·08 (1·66–2·60) | 1·84 (1·46–2·32) |
| Drug use disorder | 2·59 (2·10–3·20) | 1·84 (1·46–2·30) | 1·58 (1·26–2·00) |
| Personality disorder | 2·57 (1·99–3·33) | 1·66 (1·27–2·18) | 1·27 (0·96–1·68) |
| Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | 2·01 (0·95–4·25) | 1·53 (0·72–3·27) | 1·20 (0·56–2·57) |
| Other developmental or childhood disorder | 1·84 (1·29–2·64) | 1·20 (0·82–1·76) | 1·04 (0·70–1·53) |
| Schizophrenia spectrum disorders | 1·75 (1·11–2·74) | 1·04 (0·64–1·69) | 0·74 (0·45–1·20) |
| Bipolar disorder | 2·84 (1·06–7·65) | 1·81 (0·67–4·91) | 1·35 (0·49–3·68) |
| Depression | 1·49 (1·11–2·00) | 1·36 (1·00–1·86) | 1·16 (0·85–1·59) |
| Anxiety disorder | 1·40 (1·07–1·83) | 1·21 (0·92–1·60) | 1·07 (0·81–1·41) |
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DataAnalysis2.xlsx
