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Running Head: PRO ESSAY

PRO ESSAY

Phenomenology of Spirit by Hegel

Pro Introduction

The Phenomenology of Spirit by Hegel is considered as a most important philosophical intuition that was published in 1807. His work became exceptional as he provided different philosophical grounds of consciousness as it is not completed but constructed and transformed. He discussed various stages of consciousness including its evolution, its journey towards sensitivity and in the end to the absolute spirit. It could be said that Hegel provided his arguments based on the history of consciousness and it is like phenomenology. He added several facts that support the world’s perception of consciousness and consciousness perception of the world. He provided the grounds for science as it represents the fundamental things in the world. Hegel attempted to provide significant factors and dimensions with all the relevant definitions and explanations. His work contains all important elements that are based on human experiences such as knowledge, perception, consciousness and subjectivity, social interactions, culture, history, morality, and religion. All these critical aspects are targeted by Hegel and he tried to link it with the human experiences. He used the method of phenomenology, in which he explained a philosophical system based on the different aspects of human existence. He used different philosophical measures to answer all questions related to human beings and their God. Hegel used a very difficult language that reflects new terminology in order to provide new aspects that are not like unrealistic semantics used by Kant. The technique used by Hegel explains that how he wants to investigate the different opinions with contradictions. He presented arguments that later reflected by Marx, Husserl, and Sartre. They are the ones who investigate economic and social history by using the dialectic of Hegel. The two stages of Hegel’s work include the adventures of consciousness and the transition to self-awareness and the realization of reason, through the spirit, religion and absolute knowledge. Hegel presented the arguments that the human mind is unable to understand the world objects as the Kant had an individualistic approach towards the applications of knowledge that are not supported by Hegel.

(a) First Premise

In the first premise, Hegel argues that there is a tension between the individual act of knowing and the universality of concepts related to this act. It all started with a moment called as sense-certainty. The pulse related to it is disadvantaged by the critical elements of universal ideas. It’s mainly an effort of mind that holds the thing’s nature. It transforms into the second step of consciousness as it is called perception. It means that consciousness requires certainty with the use of perception and awareness that leads one person towards the techniques of thought and language.

(b) Second Premise

The second premise includes the fact that consciousness has two directions that are completely different from each other. The senses are the ones that tell the audience about the world and second the categories help the vision to be true. The differentiation between the senses and categories make a unique sense of hesitation and frustration those results in skepticism. The world and aspects of skepticism are mainly the suspensions of judgment.

Possible objection to the first premise

In the first premise, Hegel argues that there is a tension between the individual act of knowing and the universality of concepts related to this act. It all started with a moment called as sense-certainty. It means that the mind of an individual start making efforts to understand the nature of an element. This pulse is considered as disadvantaged due to the necessary and required elements of universal concepts. It transforms into the second step of consciousness as it is called perception. It means that consciousness requires certainty with the use of perception that leads one person towards the techniques of thought and language. There is one objection possible here that how individual act of knowing is related to the universality of concepts? The universality of concepts explains that there are some universal aspects that are consistent and their availability is consistent. These aspects are important and considered as universal because it is associated with the universe. Oppositely, the act of knowing is that an individual has some understanding about anything and that could be more than the universal aspects. The sense-certainty is associated with the aspect of consciousness. It is related to the form of knowledge that is immediate. Hegel explains that knowledge is not the one that could be limited with the immediate experience. He added that the use of any language in the world is universal, but it could not name as particulars. Moreover, the phenomenon of knowledge is the one that could not be immediate but the one that can mediate. Hegel explains that the empiricism and universals are different. In empiricism, the experience is considered as the important one and includes the factor that it is a source of all knowledge, whereas, the universalism linked with the theoretical ideas of Plato’s theory. It mainly includes realism, nominalism, and conceptualism.

Reply to the first objection

In support to the ideas of Hegel, he explained that the individual act of knowing and the universality of concepts related to this act have a tension. The universality of concepts is a part of the act of knowing in human beings. It means that one person who knows anything about something could relate it with the universality of concepts and these could be associated with it.

Possible objection to the first premise

The second premise includes the fact that consciousness has two directions that are completely different from each other. The senses are the ones that tell the audience about the world and second the categories help the vision to be true. The differentiation between the senses and categories make a unique sense of hesitation and frustration that result in skepticism. The world and aspects of skepticism are mainly the suspensions of judgment. It is a challenging aspect that is explained by Hegel. Senses of the people are truly helpful that explains the world aspects and useful to provide an understanding of the world. However, skepticism also exists that is the result of the differences between senses and categories. But, how the use of skepticism leads towards the suspension of judgment? It is a concept that contradicts the original value of skepticism. In the process of skepticism, one person is ambiguous about other something as it could be anything. The ambiguity leads this person to the questioning attitude that developed due to certain and particular reasons. For example, one person has some ambiguity about anything and he starts questioning about it, he has doubts in his mind. These aspects of skepticism are mostly associated with different elements including religion, supernatural entities, and morality aspects. These elements of skepticism often include doubtful behavior, questioning attitude, and ambiguities. Like one person is considered as a skeptic if he is doubtful about some areas of his own religion. When he is not clear about these areas, he starts questioning about it and that generates ambiguities in his mind. Until the person did not get answers, he will remain a skeptic until he finally left these areas of his religion. All these aspects relate to the suspension of judgment.

Reply to the first objection

However, the suspension of judgment is a concept that is associated with withholding judgments. When one person has ambiguities, questions, and doubtful behavior towards any concept of his religion he will use the suspension of judgment. In that method, until he did not get the answers he goes with withholding judgments.

Theoretical observation

The provided premises from the Hegel’s work are no doubt completely accurate and have the applicability with true aspects. The provided objections are the ones that are explained with details and later defined with appropriate examples. These all aspects are worthy and not only hold the grounds for the philosophical grounds but also for the science elements. The theoretical explanations by Hegel are worthy enough to consider that his provided elements are applicable and accurate.

These are provided premises are significant and have value in the modern world today. The use of skepticism relates to the suspension of judgment. For example, one person does not believe in supernatural powers and have no worthy sources to believe in it. He will be a skeptic as he will have certain ambiguities, questions, and doubtful behavior until he did not find something that could convince him although he only has some religious grounds of the availability of supernatural powers but not enough for the person who has questions about it. This will make the person towards the suspension of judgment until he finally gets the answers. So, the all provided premises including their objections and their responses, the Hegel’s work is worthy and appropriate.