Management

PBM assignment 1

Assignment 1

Principle Business Management UG006-PBM

Done by: Dana Said AL-Shibli ST09881

Submitted to: DR. FATIN AL-ZADJALI

Table of contents

Question 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………3-7 Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Correct the margins of the table of contents

Question 2……………………………………………………………………………………….……………………8

Question 3 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…...9

Reference ……………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………10

Behavioral approach:-

The behavioral approach was developed after people in the late 1700s to early 1900s realized that people were as well essential components to the success of the organization. The behavioral theory plays an important role in showing the human relations aspect of management and the way in which the level of productivity is dependent on the level at which the employee is motivated. The behavioral theories were geared by the criticism of scientific management theory by Taylor. Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Where is the introduction, attempt to layout what are you going to discuss in the assignment before immediately answering the question Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Define those theories and include quotation , introduce what are they proposing before discussing them

The behavioral theorist withheld that employees were not machines but people with their own psychological and social needs as well. They insisted that an organization or a firm was a psycho-social system with the primary focus on the human factor. Workers do have not only economic needs but also some other needs which need to be fulfilled for them to be motivated. The theory has the Maslow hierarchy of needs. Those ranked low in the hierarchy require to be fulfilled before the ones at the top can be attained. These needs, as presented by Maslow's hierarchy of needs are psychological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization. These needs need to be fulfilled as up climbs up the hierarchy. An employee needs to be satisfied psychologically and guaranteed with safety for him or her to be able to self-actualize and perform well in an organization. Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Very good point Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Correct this wording Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Define Maslow , also the context in which you introduced it is inaccurate. Try to focus on the question and read it carefully Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Is it relevant to the question?

Those who supported this theory had a firm belief in the importance of the satisfaction of the employee and thus offered suggestions like praise and employee participation so as to increase the level of their satisfaction. This theory can be seen in practice today as managers motivate, lead, embrace teamwork, and manage conflicts.

Scientific Approach:-

Scientific theory is a theory that is behind the works of Fredric Taylor. His main goal of developing the theory was to increase economy’s effectiveness (Waring, 2016). The theory was mainly interested on how effectively labor was used in driving productivity. It campaigns for roles within the organizations to be allocated to individuals on their capability to carry them out. It also advocates for employees to be provided with extensive organization so as to increase their efficiency. Productivity in a firm can only be increased if roles and assignments are accorded in accordance to individual’s trainings and if the employees are placed under continuous training to better their skills. The theory attempts to come up with specific ways of carrying out given tasks. Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Very good including citations Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Define it this is not the correct definition, it focuses on statistics and number attainment please revisit the definition Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: This is really very good discussion but not related to the question READ THE QUESTION CAREFULLY AND ANSWER

There are four parts under the scientific theory. One of the parts is the rules. Organizations need to be guided by rules which dictate what is expected of people and what they should not be involved in. It is easier to manage using rules; because people will always be aware of what is expected of them. It also has a part associated with standard operating procedures. Employees are required to adhere to these procedures when performing various roles. There is also the part concerned with norms. There are specific norms that guide organizations and which they should ensure that they adhere to at all times. There are rewards, which include wages and salaries to the employees. They are essential at keeping the employees motivated. Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Excellent discussions , I wish you explain the same in the context of the definition and also relate that the human aspect is one of the weakness of this theory

General Administrative theory;-

A top down strategy was used in creating some ideas under this theory and are used in analyzing a given organization ("Different Management Theories | Organizational Behavior / Human Relations," 2020). The theory dictates some responsibilities to managers which are; organizing, having control over the firm, scheduling, projecting, and giving commands. These responsibilities were then added to the 14 principles of management which are used in the effective management of organizations. Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Wrong citation Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Define the theory properly

One of the principles is a division of work, which states that if work is divided and employees adequately trained, the results can be magnificent. Authority requires the manager to have the authority to give orders. Discipline is a principle which states that discipline must be upheld in organizations. Unity of command is a principle which states that firms should have a single direct supervisor.

Unity of direction is also a principle that requires firms to have similar objectives while subordination of a person's interest to the general interest states that the interest of the employees should never be allowed to become more important than that of the team. He also came up with the principle of remuneration, which states that the satisfaction of the employees is dependent on fair remuneration for all. Centralization is a principle which linked the closeness of the employees to the process of making decisions. Scalar chain is also a principle which calls for the employees to be aware of the position they take in the firm's command chain. Other principles, as developed by Fayol, include order, equity, initiative, esprit de corps, and stability of tenure of personnel. All these principles focus on easing the management process and also on increasing production.

Organizational Environment theory:-

An organizational environment denotes a combination of forces that are within an organization and which have the capability of affecting the way it carries out its operations as well as to the relevant resources which are usually scarce. Structure and management of an organization are seen as being contingent on the nature of the environment in which the firm operates. The theory denotes that there are numerous aspects that affect the open systems, the stages that a given open system abides by in relation to the environment for it to grow and survive. Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Include back up to your claim

The organizational environment theory acknowledges the claims that there is no best way to organize a given corporation, for it to lead a company or even to make substantial decisions. It notes that the ideal cause of action is attached to the external and internal situation. All firms are different because of the different environments in which they usually operate, and they should be designed to accommodate different opportunities and problems.

Management Science Theory :- Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Include this definition to the scientific theory instead

This theory uses mathematical and statistical techniques to solve multifaceted problems in business. It attempts to solve technical rather than a human behavior problem. The theory relies on mathematical and statistical techniques like linear programming, economic order quantity, queuing, and game theory, among others, to solve the problems in management (Theory, 2020). With the emergence of computer technology and improved methods of communicating media, there has been a heightened effect of management science theory in the world of business to make a decision and solve intricate challenges. Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Wrong citation should be ( Daft, year )

The theory has three distinct branches, which include quantitative management. Quantitative management uses mathematical methods like modeling, linear programming, and queuing theory to aid managers in making the right decisions. Also, there is the presence of operation management. It's a branch that is concerned with aiding an organization to carry out its production of services and products more easily. This branch is significantly less statistical and mathematical and can be applied directly applied to a managerial situation. Operation management equips managers with a set of methodologies that can be utilized in making the system of organizational production to heighten its efficiency. Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: From where this information? Include citation

The thirds branch is referred to as a management information system (Theory, 2020). This branch is systematic and comprehensive, and it obtains, stores, and gives distinct information with respect to the management and the business. The system is usually computerized and gives timely and accurate information in relation to the management of the business. It aids managers in designing info systems that provide information about events taking place within and out of the organization.

Examination of the case study:-

One of the theories applied in the management of the bank is the general administrative theory. It has been said that the bank had several departments, where some were lenient to human circumstances while other ensured that all the employees followed the set rules, regulation, and ensured that they completed their assignments as assigned to them. This difference is what was making some of them seek to be transferred to some other departments. Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Identify which theory of this give justification for your slection

The departments which were lenient to human aspects were using behavioral approach theory. According to this theory, people are essential items to the success of the organization and need to be put into consideration even when assigning them different roles. Employees sought to be transferred to departments using behavioral theory because it appreciated human relations and identified it as an essential aspect of management. Appreciating human relations is what made the department to be lenient to human activities. Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Give reasons Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Great can you back up the identification process with references

As per behavioral theorists, human beings are not machines and need to be appreciated. Instances, where some departments were considerate on human actions, indicated that they understood that humans are not machines. This is unlike in the other departments where the employees were forced to perform roles and adhere to all the set regulations, even if they were above their capabilities. Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Your answer is minial include justification, analysis and back up your argument with evidence from the book or extra references use google scholar if you need

A management theory to be implemented at Meethaq Bank:-

The bank should consider implementing a behavioral approach theory. From the case, some departments fail to realize that human beings are not machines to follow all the rules 'and regulations set to book. They also fail to realize that employees are human, and there are some human issues they should be lenient on. For example, if an employee becomes assigned tasks falling out of his or her competency, the organization should be lenient on such situations instead of forcing them to carry out these activities. Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Excellent example but include for instance training as a solution in this scenario Also refer to the theory identified and ways in which Haitham can employ to allow the managers to work effectively How he can dismantle conflict from departmental perspective

Implementing the behavioral approach theory, the organization will be able to ensure that all the departments treat the employees like humans instead of treating them like machines. Behavioral theorists insisted that human relations are essential aspects of management and that the level of productivity in a firm is dependent on the level of motivation according to the employees. This implies that if Meethaq bank implements this theory for the overall management, then it will be in a position of acknowledging the inputs of all the employees and motivate them accordingly, thus giving it a higher likelihood of improving its performance across all the departments. Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Have you defined it

The bank should also consider implanting this theory because it withholds the fact that employees are not machines, but individuals who as well have social and psychological needs which need to be adhered to. With this theory governing the overall organization, Haitham will be in a position of ensuring that all the departments treat employees as they should be treated and thus making them develop a sense of belonging. Making them feel relevant to the firm and being lenient to some of the human actions will play a great role in motivating them and making them be more productive. It will also make all the departments work in collaboration without any individual seeking to be transferred to another department.

References:-

· Different Management Theories | Organizational Behavior / Human Relations. (2020). Retrieved 4 April 2020, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-organizationalbehavior/chapter/different-management-theories/ Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Numbering no bullet point

· Evans, T. (2010). Professionals, managers, and discretion: Critiquing street-level bureaucracy. The British Journal of Social Work, 41(2), 368-386. Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: This is correct referencing

· Slack, N., Chambers, S., & Johnston, R. (2010). Operations management. Pearson education.

· Theory, M. (2020). Management Science Theory. Retrieved 19 April 2020, from http://management-at-sight.blogspot.com/2012/09/management-science-theory.html Comment by Dr.Fatin Al Zadjali: Inaccurate

· Waring, S. P. (2016). Taylorism Transformed: Scientific management theory since 1945. UNC Press Books.

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