D3R

D3R

· You should respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. 

· All replies must be constructive and use literature where possible cited in current APA style with support from at least 1 academic sources for each response.

RESPONSE 1 (grace)

What should be included in an introductory paragraph of the research paper?

Research paper writing should exhibit a solid introduction to capture the reader's attention. The introduction paragraph is essential as it includes the section that points out the gap in knowledge that the rest of the paper will elaborate on. Four steps approach can be applied in writing the introduction. The first is by providing the background information and setting the context (Joshi, 2018). The readers are set up for further information that is more particular and detailed in this first section of the Introduction. Usually, the opening sentences are vague. Next is to introduce and justify the significance of the chosen research topic. The third part is introducing the previous research studies related to the topic (Joshi, 2018). A research paper's introduction section may not be the place for a formal literature review. However, mentioning any relevant prior studies and explaining how your research differs from them is appropriate, maybe using more sophisticated or cutting-edge analytical tools. Lastly, the introduction should include the conclusion by stating the study's primary goal (Joshi, 2018).

Select an introduction from scholarly, peer-reviewed research, and appraise the introduction to assess whether it includes the necessary elements of an introduction. Why and why not?

  The selected article introduction is written by Robert Wolfe, entitled “The underappreciated role of muscle in health and disease.” After reviewing the introduction utilizing the four steps approach, three out of the four elements are present. The introduction was able to provide background information and set the context by presenting the relevance of muscle mass, strength, and metabolic function in our daily activity (Wolfe, 2006). Additionally, the introduction also elaborated the essential purpose of the specific topic related to why the muscle plays a vital role in whole-body protein metabolism in response to preventing stress and pathologic and chronic illness (Wolfe, 2006). The last element is the conclusion which is reflected in discussing the review of various roles of muscle metabolism in health and disease and the emphasis on increasing protein or amino acid to optimize muscle strength and metabolism and, thus, improve health (Wolfe, 2006). This article did not state the previous research problem in attempting to resolve the research problem.

How does PICOT help form a clinical question? Use Box 2.2 in your textbook to discuss population, intervention, comparison intervention, and outcome and how this process helps the student arrive at a quality clinical question.

The PICOT helps formulate clinical questions by identifying the search terms to employ while looking for the most substantial evidence to address a pressing clinical issue. Moreover, PICOT is also utilized as a search strategy for an unbiased and effective search that underpins the evidence-based recommendation, decision, or practice (Gallagher Ford & Melnyk, 2019).

Population refers to the sample of subjects the researcher wishes to recruit for the study. There may be a delicate balance between defining a sample most likely to respond to the intervention and one that can be generalized to patients likely to be seen in actual practice (Harber, 2018). The next component is intervention, which refers to the treatment that will be provided to subjects enrolled in the study. Meanwhile, the comparison identifies what the researcher plans to use as a reference group to compare with different treatment interventions. Many study designs refer to this as the control group (Harber, 2018). If an existing treatment is considered the gold standard, this should be the comparison group. The outcome represents what result you plan on measuring to examine the effectiveness of your intervention. Familiar and validated outcome measurement tools relevant to common chiropractic patient populations may include the Neck Disability Index or Roland-Morris Questionnaire (Harber, 2018). Typically, many outcome tools are available for different clinical populations, each having strengths and weaknesses. The last word for PICOT is time, which describes the duration of the data collection (Harber, 2018).

RESPOSE 2 (Alexis)

Introduction of a Research Paper

        The introductory paragraph of a research paper is defined as the first paragraph in the paper that sets the tone for what is to be included in the entirety of the

paper.  The introduction should be interesting while attracting the reader’s attention while making interesting concepts about the paper.  Specific concepts that

should be addressees in this section of the research paper is the thesis or the summary of the main idea or what the paper is about, the significance of the topic, and

includes the authors argument about the topic (Roy, 2018).  In addition, very brief facts that supports the author argument can be included but should not give too

much information as this can lead to repeat information in the body paragraphs. The last part of the introduction can identify the solution or response to the thesis.

Evaluation of an Introduction from a Scholarly Article

          The introduction of the research paper  Stress and Health in Nursing Students The Nurse Engagement and Wellness Study, includes the necessary elements of proper introduction paragraph. The introduction captured my attention by already identifying a topic that is especially interesting and relatable to me. In addition, the introduction provided a clear summary of the main idea, which included that stress can have effects nursing students. The thesis can be readily identified, and that psychosocial stress can negatively affect the capacity of nurses to provide quality care by increasing risk for medical error and reducing job satisfaction (Olvera Alvarez et al., 2019). The introduction then goes on to provide brief factors that can be attributed or related to the cause of stress.

PICOT and Clinical Question

         PICOT in nursing research is acronym that stands for the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and timeframe.  The population includes the specific targeted group of people. In the research study that was discussed earlier, the population consisted of mostly Hispanic (both male and female sex) that were enrolled in the Bachelors of Science in Nursing (BSN) program at the University of Texas at El Paso. In addition, the intervention is can be described as what is being studied or the specific interest of the study. Next is the comparison (intervention) which is the standard care or no intervention and a comparison of two treatment setting (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2018). Outcome identifies the measured results, whereas timeframe is the period of time that is required for the outcome results. The PICOT enables a formality allows for organization of the clinical question. The purpose of the PICOT very simple and is the mechanism to identify the terms to be used to search for the best evidence to answer a burning clinical question; in other words, the PICOT question is the search strategy (Ford & Melnyk, 2019).  This method is essential to performing and obtaining beneficial and congruent research.  When PICOT questions are not written correctly it can further hinder the rest of the study as it can cause confusion regarding the guidance of evidence-based practices which can poorly affect the advancement of healthcare and patient outcomes.