1 Discussion , 1 Case Study and 1 weekly Summary.
Shrikaa
cyberwarfare_ppt08_l01.pdf
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Cyberwarfare: Information
Operations in a Connected World
Lesson 1
Information as a Military Asset, and
Targets and Combatants
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Learning Objective(s)
▪ Explain the importance of information as a
military asset.
▪ Describe the targets and combatants of
cyberwarfare.
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Key Concepts
▪ What cyberwarfare is
▪ The role of information in warfare
▪ Traditional military and cyberwarfare targets
▪ Techniques and targets of information operations
▪ The combatants in cyberwarfare
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DISCOVER: CONCEPTS
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What Is Cyberwarfare?
▪ The combination of activities designed to
participate in cyberattacks and cyberespionage,
on either side of the attack
▪ Includes a wide range of activities that use
information systems as weapons against an
opposing force
▪ Strategy outlined by the United States Director
of National Intelligence (DNI) reflects the fact
that the history of cyberwarfare is at a turning
point
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Likelihood of Cyberwar
▪ Short term: Large-scale catastrophic
cyberattacks are unlikely
• Smaller-scale cyberattacks occur frequently
▪ Few groups possess ability to wage
sophisticated, sustained cyberwarfare
• Governments of the United States, China,
Israel, and Russia
▪ Cyberespionage is likely and is happening on a
large scale every day
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Role of Information in Armed
Conflict
Ancient warfare
World wars
Cold war
Iraq War and weapons of mass destruction
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DISCOVER: OBJECTIVES
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Domains of Warfare
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U.S. Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM)
▪ Per the DoD, USCYBERCOM required to do
the following for the military:
• “Manage cyberspace risk through efforts such
as increased training, information assurance,
greater situational awareness, and creating
secure and resilient network environments.
• “Assure integrity and availability by engaging in
smart partnerships, building collective self
defenses, and maintaining a common operating
picture.
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U.S. Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM)
(Cont.)
▪ Per the DoD, USCYBERCOM required to do
the following for the military :
• “Ensure the development of integrated
capabilities by working closely with Combatant
Commands, Services, Agencies, and the
acquisition community to rapidly deliver and
deploy innovative capabilities where they are
needed the most.”
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Exploring the Cyber Domain
▪ Cyber is a domain of warfare; includes:
• Offensive information operations: Actions
taken to deny, exploit, corrupt, or destroy an
adversary’s information or information
functions
• Defensive information operations: Actions
taken to protect your own information and
information systems from an adversary’s
attempt to deny, exploit, corrupt, or destroy
them
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Offensive Information Operations
Objectives
Deny Exploit
Corrupt Destroy
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Defensive Information
Operations ▪ Military must defend cyber domain as they
would any other domain
▪ Requires investing in military and civilian
personnel with the skills required to operate in
the cyber domain and equipping them with the
tools necessary to meet their mission
▪ Military and civilian lines are blurred
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DISCOVER: CONTEXT
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Information Operations Techniques
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Operations Security Process
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DISCOVER: TECHNOLOGY
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Traditional Military Targets
Military targets in conventional warfare
Acceptable targets, treaties, and international law
Cybertargets in unconventional warfare
Targets in asymmetric cyberwarfare
Total cyberwarfare
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Cyberwarfare Against Traditional
Military Targets
Iran versus U.S. drones
Flame: replacing spies with software
The U.S. strikes Serbia and Kosovo
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GPS-Guided Drone
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The Flame Malware’s Infection
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Nontraditional Cyberwarfare
Targets
▪ Political activism and hacktivism
• Anonymous
• Syrian Electronic Army
▪ Industrial espionage
• Aurora: China Versus Google
• Saudi Arabian ARAMCO and Shamoon
▪ Military cyberattacks on nontraditional targets
• United States Versus Iraq, a Canceled Attack
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DISCOVER: UNDERSTANDING
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Combatants in Cyberwarfare
Military forces
Guerrilla cyberwarriors and insurrectionists
Individuals and small groups
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The Jester’s Method of Defeating
the Low Orbit Ion Cannon Attack
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Comparing Traditional Warfare,
Guerrilla Warfare, and Cyberwarfare
▪ Traditional warfare: Can destroy or significantly
damage military units, fortifications, and bases
▪ Cyberattacks generally not capable of that level
of physical destruction
▪ Cyberwarfare activities difficult to distinguish
from simple electronic attacks
▪ Internal political activism doesn’t fit with
traditional warfare or typical asymmetric
warfare; used in cyberwarfare
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Comparing Traditional Warfare,
Guerrilla Warfare, and Cyberwarfare
• One of the most effective strategies employed in modern cyberwarfare
The element of surprise
• Many cyberwarfare attacks are easily denied
Deniability
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Summary
▪ What cyberwarfare is
▪ The role of information in warfare
▪ Traditional military and cyberwarfare targets
▪ Techniques and targets of information operations
▪ The combatants in cyberwarfare
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OPTIONAL SLIDES
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Targets of Information Operations
Information Operations
Technique
Target
Computer network attack Networks, computers, and technology
systems
Computer network defense Inbound attacks, malware, and attackers
Intelligence gathering Stored data, communications, sensor, and
other live information
Electronic warfare Broadcasting capabilities, control channels,
GPS signals
Psychological operations Social media, Web sites, e-mail, and other
communications that influence targets
Operations security Attempts to access friendly information
