My Curriculum Development W2

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How Do We Define Curriculum?

  • Curriculum is that which is taught at school.
  • Curriculum is a set of subjects.
  • Curriculum is content.
  • Curriculum is a sequence of courses.
  • Curriculum is a set of performance objectives.

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How Do We Define Curriculum?

  • Curriculum is all planned learning for which the school is responsible.
  • Curriculum is all the experiences learners have under the guidance of the school.

John Delnay (1959.)

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How Do We Define Curriculum?

  • According to Bandi & Wales (2005), the most common definition derived from the word Latin root, which means “racecourse.”
  • Bandi & Wales (2005) also stated that “ for many students, the school curriculum is a race to be run, a series of obstacles or hurdles (subjects) to be passed.”

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How Do We Define Curriculum?

  • It is important to keep in mind that schools in the Western Civilization have been heavily influenced since the fourth century B.C. by the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle and the word curriculum has been used historically to describe the subjects that are being taught during the classical period of Greek Civilization.

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How Do We Define Curriculum?

  • The interpretation of the word curriculum has broaden in the 20th century to include subjects other that the Classics. Today school documents, newspaper articles, committee reports, and many academic textbooks refer to any and all subjects offered are prescribed as the curriculum of the school.

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Curriculum as a Discipline

  • Curriculum as a discipline is a subject of study, and on the Graduate level of Higher Education a major field of study.

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Curriculum as a Discipline

Graduate and undergraduate students take

courses in:

  • Curriculum development
  • Curriculum theory
  • Curriculum Evaluation
  • Secondary School Curriculum
  • Elementary School Curriculum
  • Middle School Curriculum
  • Community College Curriculum
  • Curriculum in Higher Education

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History of Curriculum

Three focus points for Curriculum Decisions

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History of Curriculum

1. The Nature of Subject Matter

  • Content of the curriculum, and what subject matter to include in

the curriculum.

  • The subject matter of history should be based on evens that

actually happened in the past.

2. The Nature of the Society

  • If the curriculum is to have utilitarian values, then it must lead the student not only to knowledge of the external world for its own sake, but also to knowledge that can be applied in the world.

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History of Curriculum

The Nature of the Individuals

  • The third basic focal point around which decisions about curricula can be made is the nature of the individual.
  • The curriculum is also a set of suggestions to the teacher about how to take advantage of the present opportunities worthwhile, growth for each student in the long run.
  • The History of Curricula of American school during the 20th century is, therefore, a history of these three focal points for deciding on content ad making other curriculum decisions.

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History of Curriculum

Colonial Era and the Early United States

  • Curriculum was not an issue in Colonial America during the early years of the United States.
  • Colonies along the Atlantic seaboard were under British control during the 17th/18th centuries. These immigrants were from many European nations.
  • Despite their differences the settlers shared common assumptions about education.

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History of Curriculum

First Common Assumptions:

  • Few people needed formal Education.
  • Mass Education was not heard.

Second Common Assumptions:

  • Formal Education should be directed at bringing people into conformity with some prevailing idea of what and Educated person should be.

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History of Curriculum

Given these assumptions about education and how

they worked out in schools of colonial America, the

focus point of the curriculum was the nature

of subject matter.

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Colonial America

The Harvard Curriculum

  • Logic
  • Physics
  • Rhetoric
  • History
  • Ethnic
  • Politics
  • Geometry
  • Astronomy
  • Literacy Studies

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Colonial America

Franklin’s Academy

  • 1749. Benjamin Franklin challenge prevailing beliefs about education and the curriculum.
  • Curriculum –focused on Latin & Greek for those preparing to

be ministers

  • French, German, and Spanish for those preparing to be merchants.
  • Everyone would study English, through reading, writing, and orating.

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19th Century

Common School Movement

  • The expansion of the curriculum. Reports of the National Education Association.
  • 1876. A course of study from primary school to university.
  • 1893. The Committee of Ten
  • 1895. The Committee of 15

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20th Century

The Cardinal Principals of Secondary Education

Seven Objectives:

  • Health
  • Command of fundamental process
  • Worthy Home Membership
  • Vacation
  • Citizenship
  • Worthy use of leisure
  • Ethical Character

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20th Century

Franklin Bobbit Actively Analysis

  • Curriculum Organization
  • New principles for guiding curriculum decisions
  • Child Center Pedagogy
  • 1927 Yearbook

The Eight Year Study

  • New Idea about curricula

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Foundations of Curriculum Planning

Social Forces

The Treatment of Knowledge

Human growth & development

Learning as a process

Technology

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20th Century

After World War II

  • Progressive Education influenced curriculum and practices
  • Sputnik and the National Response
  • Curriculum Reform movement
  • A Nation at Risk

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Foundations of Curriculum Planning

  • Social Forces

  • The Treatment of Knowledge

  • Human growth & development

  • Learning as a process

  • Technology

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Philosophy and Curriculum Design

  • Philosophies and curriculum leaders

  • Five Educational Philosophies
  • Perennialism
  • Idealism
  • Realism
  • Experimentalism
  • Existentialism

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Eight Common Curriculum Design

1. Content-based instruction

purpose: knowledge, acquisition

activity: facts, data, and representative form

2. Shell Based Instruction

purpose: process and manipulation

activity: practice, ordering application

3. Inquiry Approach

purpose: awareness, interest

activity: unknown, sampling

4. Conceptual Learning

purpose: understanding

activity: big ideas, familiarity

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Eight Common Curriculum Design

5. Interdisciplinary Learning

purpose: making connection

activity: application

6. Cooperative Learning

purpose: coordinating social skills

activity: group work

7. Problem Solving

purpose: apply skills

activity: current events

8. Critical and Creative Thinking

purpose: construction of new forms

activity: model building, imagination

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